• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.116-116
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• 2020

Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) is a highly mountainous and remote region covering 45% of Upper Indus Basin (UIB) with around 1.8 million population is vulnerable to climate change and socio-economic growth makes water resources management and planning more complex. To understand the water scarcity in the region this study is carried out to project water supply and demand for agricultural and domestic sector under various climate-socio-economic scenarios in five sub catchments of GB i.e., Astore, Gilgit, Hunza, Shigar and Shyok for a period of 2015 to 2050 using Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model. For climate change scenario ensembled mean of three global climate models (GCMs) was used under three different Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5). The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and agricultural Land Development (LD) scenarios were combined with climate scenarios to develop climate-socio-economic scenario. Our results indicate that the climate change and socio-economic growth would create a gap between supply and demand of water in the region, with socio-economic growth (e.g. agricultural and population) as dominant external factor that would reduce food production and increase poverty level in the region. Among five catchments only Astore and Gilgit will face shortfall of water while Shyoke would face shortfall of water only under agricultural growth scenarios. We also observed that the shortfall of water in response to climate-socio-economic scenarios is totally different over two water deficient catchments due to its demography and geography. Finally, to help policy makers in developing regional water resources and management policies we classified five sub catchments of UIB according to its water deficiency level.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.538-550
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• 2012

This study suggests a general methodology which is designed for assessing RDOC behavior at the catchment scale by coupling properly a series of steam flow and water quality simulation models and actual monitoring data set. The modified TANK model in which a river routing function is incorporated to the conventional one is applied to simulate the long-term daily stream flow data, and the simulated stream flow data is combined with the 7-parameter log-linear model coupled to the minimum variance unbiased estimator to simulate the long-term daily water quality (BOD, COD and TOC) loads. Finally, the regression analysis between the usually monitored water quality data (BOD, COD and TOC) and RDOC is combined with the simulated water quality data to manifest the spatio-temporal variability of RDOC flux behavior at the Korean TMDL catchment scale.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.107-111
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• 2008

Water quality contamination issues are of critical concern to human health, whilst pesticide release generated from irrigated land should be considered for protecting natural habitats and human health. This paper suggests new method for evaluation and analysis using the GIS technique based on integrated spatial modeling framework. The pesticide use on irrigated land is a subset of the larger spectrum of industrial chemicals used in modern society. The behavior of a pesticide is affected by the natural affinity of the chemical for one of four environmental compartments; solid matter, liquid, gaseous form, and biota. However, the major movements are a physical transport over the ground surface by rainfall-runoff and irrigation-runoff. The irrigated water carries out with the transporting sediments and makes contaminated water by pesticide. This paper focuses on risk impact identification and assessment using GIS technique. Also, generated data on pesticide residues on farmland and surface water through GIS simulation will be reflected to environmental research programs. Finally, this study indicates that GIS application is a beneficial tool for spatial pesticide impact analysis as well as environmental risk assessment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.820-825
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.525-530
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• 2017

The attainment ratios of the water quality goals of the 114 mid-watershed representative stations, examined during the period2011 to 2015, were evaluated in the study. Of the four major river basins, the attainment ratio on water quality goal of the Geum River basin turned out to be the lowest. As a result of formal evaluation of the attainment ratios of BOD, COD and TOC, it was found that the attainment ratio of COD was much lower than that of BOD and TOC (I a circumstance thought to be caused by the higher COD/BOD and COD/TOC ratios of the water quality of the river than those of the environmental water quality standard). As well, higher COD/BOD and COD/TOC of wastewater discharged from point and non-point sources (other than those of the environmental water quality standards) might possibly represent one of the reasons. We also compared attainment ratio between the main stream and tributaries, which indicated that the higher attainment ratio was present in the main stream. The attainment ratio is also documented as more significant in the winter season than the summer season, possibly due to the contribution of non-point pollutants swept in by rain during the summer season during documented periods of high precipitation. Thus, water quality management in summer season and improvement of water quality of the tributaries might be important as a means of increasing attainment ratio on water quality goal.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.405-412
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• 2005

Groundwater in Jeju Island, flowing through main stream, is spring water from underground. To set a fixed quantity of groundwater flowing from surface in a hydrological view, 4 downstream (Woedo stream, Gangjung stream, Yeonwoe stream and Ongpo stream) were selected to calculate the characteristic of baseflow and the base-flow discharge through the data on tachometry. There were 11 to 14 level peak caused by runoff, mostly occurred during monsoon season. Also, duration of runoff was 15 to 25 hours, well reflecting the characteristic of inclined, short stream length in Jeju Island and pervious hydrogeographical feature. In case of Gangjung stream, Yeonwoe stream and Ongpo stream, variation of stream water level by baseflow rose above during summer, which was closely linked to the distribution of seasonal precipitation. From autumn to spring, water level fell below while that of Woedo stream remained the same all year round. Data on the water level observed in Woedo stream and Gangjung stream in every single minutes was applied to weir formula(equation of Oki and Govinda Rao) to calculate baseflow discharge. Also, using the data on current and water level calculated in Ongpo stream and Yeonwoe stream, water level-water flow rating was applied to assess base flow discharge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

This study was done to provide a case model with a concept of environmental integration based on the water circulation system. Area of interest (AOI) is the Eastern Pangyo New Town area, which has several advantages in adaptation of a water circulation system. The AOI has a potential of maintaining water resources, and has a good condition to construct the water circulation system. Research done for the purpose of the establishment of the water circulation system in the Eastern Pangyo New Town shows the following. The main sources of water supply in the water circulation system in the Eastern Pangyo New Town is from two subway stations and runoff water, along with the natural water flowing from the mountains, rain water, and stream water. It was determined that more than 35,000 tons of water would be needed for the creation of water circulation system at the Eastern Pangyo. If the creation of infrastructure for the use of runoff and rain water as well as the periodic management can be provided, it can serve as the new model for a new city with water circulation system. In addition, since the Eastern Pangyo New Town water circulation system can secure enough amount of water resources, natural drainage system (NDS) in which it can be in dry condition in non-rainy days, is applied and connected to the typical waterways. Such water circulation system has many positive aspects including the wise use of water resources, and providing wild Life animals corridors and habitats. Also, the water circulation system can lead to the environmental education to the residents and visitors on environmental awareness of the water circulation system and their environment.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.462-469
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• 2018

There are differences in method and cycle of flow rate survey depending on purpose of the operating department. To verify and use results of flow data according to the purpose, flow data of the directly measured and tele monitoring system were compared to verify validity. Flow measurement in the Ministry of Environment is aimed at setting up a standard flow of target water quality for water quality management and securing flow data of low and normal water level seasons for water quality evaluation. In this study, correlation analysis result ($R^2$) of same time zone data by direct measurement and tele monitoring system (TMS) at Seombon D point, a unit watershed of Seomjin river, for six years ('10 ~ '15) according to implementation of Total Daily Maximum Load (TDML) was wading 0.716, boating 0.962 and on bridge 0.943, and effectiveness of measurement method was verified by characteristics of flow duration as a season of dry and low-water; normal and high water are appropriate for wading, boating, and on bridge respectively. Results revealed it is reasonable to use directly measured results using the wading and boating method for low water level and dry seasons, and TMS data for rainy seasons. It can be used important data for future policy decisions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2017

The waterworks company is in charge of managing water facilities buried underground, and the management has been centered on manholes. However, since there is no standard management manual, it has been impossible to introduce and operate a systemized managing tool by water service providers and managers, and manhole management has been carried out by individual data recording personnel for each water service provider. When the management is carried out individually, the data to be shared by other waterworks managers tend to be privatized, and consequently, it may become a big obstacle to proceed with many civil works such as emergency leak repair, road excavation, replacement of old buildings. This report introduces RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system which is based on the magnetic field capable of IOT. It also describes the necessity of leveraging the system for smart managing of pipe management record that has been done by hand writing. The RFID system includes RFID marker, data reader, portable computer operating program, and data base server operating program. In this system, the data is managed with a single communication device, and it would be possible to share the information on the underground facilities and water treatment facilities. This RFID technology is expected to provide water service providers with opportunities to develop more scientific and modernized underground facilities information systems.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.489-499
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• 2020

Effective science-based management of the basin water resources requires an understanding of the characteristics of the streams, such as the baseflow discharge. In this study, the base flow was estimated in the two watersheds with the least artificial factors among the Nakdong River watersheds, as determined using the chemical hydrograph separation technique. The 16-year (2004-2019) discontinuous observed stream flow and electrical conductivity data in the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) monitoring network were extended to continuous daily data using the TANK model and the 7-parameter log-linear model combined with the minimum variance unbiased estimator. The annual base flows at the upper Namgang Dam basin and the upper Nakdong River basin were both analyzed to be about 56% of the total annual flow. The monthly base flow ratio showed a high monthly deviation, as it was found to be higher than 0.9 in the dry season and about 0.46 in the rainy season. This is in line with the prevailing common sense notion that in winter, most of the stream flow is base flow, due to the characteristics of the dry season winter in Korea. It is expected that the chemical-based hydrological separation technique involving TANK and the 7-parameter log-linear models used in this study can help quantify the base flow required for systematic watershed water environment management.