• 대한약리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1969

The direct effect of isoproterenol on renal function, when given intravenously, is usually obscured by its potent hypotensive action. To obviate the latter action, isoproterenol was infused directly into one renal artery of the dog, the other kidney serving as a control for the general action. And following results were obtained. In the first series of experiments, the directic action of isoproterenol was ascertained. $1.0\;{\mu}g/kg/min$. reduced on both kidneys the urine flow, clearances of PAH and creatinine, as well as the amount of sodium excreted, but the effect was weaker on the experimental side than on contralateral side. With $0.1\;{\mu}g/kg/min$., two cases among 6 experiments showed marked diuresis, two cases no apparent effect, and another two marked antidiuresis on the experimental kidney, whereas the contralateral kidney exhibited antidiuresis in all cases. Further reducing the dose unmasked the diuretic action on the ,experimental kidney. In another series, the effects of isoproterenol on the blood flow distribution within the kidney and on sodium concentration gradient within the kidney tissue were observed. $0.05\;{\mu}g/kg/min$ isoproterenol markedly increased the medullary plasma flow and slightly increased total renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, along with concomitant increase in the amount of sodium excreted and osmolar clearance, and decrease in reabsorption of free water. Sodium concentration gradient markedly decreased in the experimental kidney, reaching 2/3 of the value observed in the contralateral kidney at the papilla. It is thus concluded that isoproterenol exerts a diuretic action, when infused directly into a renal artery, and the mechanism of the action rests on its hemodynamic action, substantiated as the increase in glomerular filtration and in the medullary blood flow, resulting in washout of hyperosmolality produced by the coutercurrent multiplier system.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.144-149
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• 1988

광에 대한 어류의 행동을 조사하기 위하여 까치복 Fugu xanthopterus에 광의 세기가 서로 다른 8가지 백색인공광원으로 광자극을 주어, 그에 대한 반응을 주간과 야간으로 구분 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 광자극에 대한 수조내의 구간별분포는 광원쪽구간에 많이 모여 분포곡선은 대체로 L자형이 되었으나, 광의 세기에 따라 그 형태가 다소 차이가 있었으며 주야간의 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 2. 수중조도가 높아짐에 따라 광원쪽에서 더 많이 모이는 경향을 나타냈으며 주간보다 야간에 다소 많이 모였다. 3. 집어율이 최대가 되는 수중조도(적정조도)는 298.56 lux(188.44~444.96 lux)로써 주야간에 같았으며, 최대집어율은 주간에 47.30%, 야간에 50.43%로써 야간에 더 높았다. 4. 조명시간이 경과함에 따라 집어율은 증가하거나 증가한 후 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 계속 불안정하게 변동했으며 주야간의 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.296-305
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• 2005

Acoustic target strength (TS) of 12 commercially important fish species caught in the Korean waters had been investigated and their results were presented. Laboratory measurements of target strength on 12 dominant fish species were carried out at a frequencies of 75 kHz by single beam method under the controlled condition of the water tank with the 241 samples of dead and live fishes. The target strength pattern on individual fish of each species was measured as a function of tilt angle, ranging from $-45^{\circ}$ (head down aspect) to $45^{\circ}$ (head up aspect) in $0.2^{\circ}$ intervals, and the averaged target strength was estimated by assuming the tilt angle distribution as N ($-5.0^{\circ}$, $^15.0{\circ}$). The 75 to fish length relationship for each species was independently derived by a least - squares fitting procedure. Also, a linear regression analysis for all species was performed to reduce the data to a set of empirical equations showing the variation of target strength to fish length and fish species. An empirical model for fish target strength(TS, dB) averaged over the dorsal aspect of 158 fishes of 7 species and which spans the fish length(L, m) to wavelength(${\lambda}$, m) ratio between 6.2 and 21.3 was derived: TS: 27.03 Log(L)-7.7Log(${\kanbda}$)-17.21, ($r^2$=0.59).

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2013

In an effort to find the optimum porous of Taewoo through the mathematical model 2 - dimensional tank water experiment among the approached to a problem related to ocean engineering, this study analyzed the porosity by dividing it into 9 cases. As the wave penetrates through the longitudinal porous of the Taewoo model, it was found that there is a wave energy loss because of the phenomenon of the separation of the porous due to the eddy. Looking into the general tendency based on the wave-height meter (probe) data, it was found that the shorter wavelength and higher frequency area, the more reflection coefficients increased, but in contrast, the longer wavelength and lower frequency area, the transmission coefficients showed the increasing trend and energy dissipation was in a similar way with reflection coefficients. In addition, it was found that the bigger the porosity was, the narrower distribution range of reflection coefficients was, and the more its average value decreased. On the other hand the transmission coefficients in direct opposition to reflection was found to show the wider range and the more gradual increase in the average value as porosity was the bigger around the average value. In contrast, energy dissipation rate was found to increase linearly as porosity increased the more around the porosity of 0.2518 but it decreased gradually around the peak point. Through the above results, it is judged that the porous of optimum in the longitudinal direction of the Taewoo model perforated plate was about 2.6cm because it was found that the porosity which produced the lowest reflection and transmission coefficient and the highest energy dissipation. As a result of comparing this to the case where there was no porosity at all, it showed the function of wave absorbing about 31.60%.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1094-1104
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• 2010

익형주위 착빙 현상과 관련한 기존 연구는 수치적으로 예측된 결빙형상과 실험 결과를 정성적으로 비교하는데 그쳐, 해석 결과의 정확도에 대한 판단과 외기 조건 변화에 따른 결빙형상의 체계적 분석에 한계가 있었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 실린더와 익형의 결빙 형상을 가용한 실험 및 타 수치해석 결과와 비교, 검증하고 정량적으로 분석하는 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저, 개발된 코드로부터 획득한 결빙형상을 얼음의 최대두께와 얼음의 진행방향, 얼음의 분포, 얼음의 면적을 기준으로 나타낸 후 이를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 정량적 분석을 통해 유사한 결빙 형상을 직관적으로 비교할 수 있었다. 개발한 수치해석 코드는 아랫면에서의 결빙 면적, 얼음의 두께를 작게 예측하였다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 보다 정밀한 유동장 계산을 통해 획득한 입자의 궤적이 요구된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1980

The purpose of the present study is to find the color induced maximum gathering rate and to observed'the trend of the - gathering rate by using two species of commercial fishes: rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminet et Schlegel) and 'grass puffer, Fugu niphobles (Jordan et Snyder). An experimental tank($360L{\times}50W{\times}55H cm$) was set up in a dark room. An illumination system was attached to the two end of tank to fix horizontal light intensity by co~bination c' one light bulb(20W) and four filters (red, blue, yellow, white) and the five regulating filters in order to fix light intensity. During the experiment water depth was maintained 50 cm lever in the tank. The tank was marked into six longitudinal sections each being 60 em long to observe the distribution of fish. The fish were acclimatized in dark condition for 40 minutes prior to the main experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times every 30 seconds, and the gathering rates ,were obtain from the average number of fish in each secion. The color induced maximum gathering rate of rock bream appeared to be red, blue yellow and white color orderly.However, that of grass puffer appeared to be blue, white, yellow and red color orderly. Trend of the gathering rate in illumination time showed the remarkable fluctuation in the rock bream and little difference at the two color light sources. However, trend of the gathering rate in illumination time showed the little fluctuation in grass puffer and much difference at the two color light sources.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.1083-1095
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• 2016

The design of Prototype Gen-IV Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (PGSFR) has been developed and the validation and verification (V&V) activities to demonstrate the system performance and safety are in progress. In this paper, the current status of test activities is described briefly and significant results are discussed. The large-scale sodium thermal-hydraulic test program, Sodium Test Loop for Safety Simulation and Assessment-1 (STELLA-1), produced satisfactory results, which were used for the computer codes V&V, and the performance test results of the model pump in sodiumshowed good agreement with those in water. The second phase of the STELLA program with the integral effect tests facility, STELLA-2, is in the detailed design stage of the design process. The sodium thermal-hydraulic experiment loop for finned-tube sodium-to-air heat exchanger performance test, the intermediate heat exchanger test facility, and the test facility for the reactor flow distribution are underway. Flow characteristics test in subchannels of a wire-wrapped rod bundle has been carried out for safety analysis in the core and the dynamic characteristic test of upper internal structure has been performed for the seismic analysis model for the PGSFR. The performance tests for control rod assemblies (CRAs) have been conducted for control rod drive mechanism driving parts and drop tests of the CRA under scram condition were performed. Finally, three types of inspection sensors under development for the safe operation of the PGSFR were explained with significant results.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1369-1376
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• 2006

Self-organized nanogels were prepared from pullulan/biotin conjugates (PU/Bio) for the development of an effective anticancer drug delivery system. The degree of biotin substitution was 11, 19, and 24 biotin groups per 100 anhydroglucose units of pullulan. The physicochemical properties of the nanogels (PU/Bio1, 2 and 3) in aqueous media were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The mean diameter of all the samples was less than 300 nm with a unimodal size distribution. The critical aggregation concentrations (CACs) of the nanoparticles in distilled water were $2.8{\times}10^{-2},\;1.6{\times}10^{-2}$, and $0.7{\times}10^{-2}mg/ml$ for the PU/Bio1, 2, and 3, respectively. The aggregation behavior of the nanogels indicated that biotin can perform as a hydrophobic moiety. To observe the specific interaction with a hepatic carcinoma cell line (HepG2), the conjugates were labeled with rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC) and their intensities measured using a fluorescence microplate reader. The HepG2 cells treated with the fluorescence-labeled PU/Bio nanoparticles were strongly luminated compared with the control (pullulan). Confocal laser microscopy also confirmed internalization of the PU/Bio nanogels into the cancer cells. Such results demonstrated that the biotin in the conjugate acted as both a hydrophobic moiety for self-assembly and a tumor-targeting moiety for specific interaction with tumor cells. Consequently, PU/Bio nanogels would appear to be a useful drug carrier for the treatment of liver cancer.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.558-562
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• 1986

백색광에 대한 문치가자미 Limanda yokohamae의 행동을 조사하기 위하여, 빛의 세기가 서로 다른 6가지 백색인공광원으로 광자극을 주어 그에 대한 반응을 주간과 야간으로 구분 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 광자극에 대한 수조내의 구간별분포곡선은 대체로 W우형이 되었으나, 빛의 세기에 따라 그 형태가 다소 차이가 있었다. 2. 수중조도가 높아짐에 따라 광원에서 멀리 떨어지는 경향을 나타냈으며 주야간의 차이가 다소 있었다. 3. 집어율이 최대가 되는 수중조도(적정조도)는 주간에 1.9 lux($1.2{\sim}2.9lux$), 야간에 0.7lux ($0.5{\sim}1.1lux$)로서 주간에 더 높았다. 4. 조명시간의 경과에 따른 집어율의 변화는 적어 안정하게 변동하였으며, 주간보다 야간의 집어율이 더 높았다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.172-181
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• 2015

고체산화물 연료전지는 다양한 응용분야에서 대체에너지로서 각광받고 있다. 본 논문은 평판형 anode 전극으로 들어가는 공기유량에 따른 SOFC의 I-V 그래프 특성에 대해 연구하였다. 본 연구를 위해, Butler-Volmer 반응속도 식이 상용 CFD코드인 FLUENT에 적용되었다. CFD로부터 얻어진 결과값은 문헌으로부터 참고한 실험데이터와 0.4 V ~ 1 V 범위에서 I-V 분극곡선이 잘 맞는 것을 보여줌으로써 그 유효성을 확인하였다. 연료전지의 수치적 계산은 각각 다른 유량조건 하에서 3D 구조를 이용하여 수행하였다. 결과는 수소, 산소 그리고 물의 농도 분포의 항목으로 제시하였다. 전산모사와 그 결과들은 Butler-Volmer 방정식을 사용자 정의 함수로 적용한 CFD기법이 공기 유량과 비표면적에 대한 조건을 확인하는데 사용될 수 있고, 작동조건 연구를 위한 지침이 됨으로써 연료전지 시스템의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 보여준다.