• 제목/요약/키워드: water conflicts

검색결과 89건 처리시간 0.028초

Developing a comprehensive model of the optimal exploitation of dam reservoir by combining a fuzzy-logic based decision-making approach and the young's bilateral bargaining model

  • M.J. Shirangi;H. Babazadeh;E. Shirangi;A. Saremi
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
    • /
    • 제14권2호
    • /
    • pp.65-76
    • /
    • 2023
  • Given the limited water resources and the presence of multiple decision makers with different and usually conflicting objectives in the exploitation of water resources systems, especially dam's reservoirs; therefore, the decision to determine the optimal allocation of reservoir water among decision-makers and stakeholders is a difficult task. In this study, by combining a fuzzy VIKOR technique or fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (FMCDM) and the Young's bilateral bargaining model, a new method was developed to determine the optimal quantitative and qualitative water allocation of dam's reservoir water with the aim of increasing the utility of decision makers and stakeholders and reducing the conflicts among them. In this study, by identifying the stakeholders involved in the exploitation of the dam reservoir and determining their utility, the optimal points on trade-off curve with quantitative and qualitative objectives presented by Mojarabi et al. (2019) were ranked based on the quantitative and qualitative criteria, and economic, social and environmental factors using the fuzzy VIKOR technique. In the proposed method, the weights of the criteria were determined by each decision maker using the entropy method. The results of a fuzzy decision-making method demonstrated that the Young's bilateral bargaining model was developed to determine the point agreed between the decisions makers on the trade-off curve. In the proposed method, (a) the opinions of decision makers and stakeholders were considered according to different criteria in the exploitation of the dam reservoir, (b) because the decision makers considered the different factors in addition to quantitative and qualitative criteria, they were willing to participate in bargaining and reconsider their ideals, (c) due to the use of a fuzzy-logic based decision-making approach and considering different criteria, the utility of all decision makers was close to each other and the scope of bargaining became smaller, leading to an increase in the possibility of reaching an agreement in a shorter time period using game theory and (d) all qualitative judgments without considering explicitness of the decision makers were applied to the model using the fuzzy logic. The results of using the proposed method for the optimal exploitation of Iran's 15-Khordad dam reservoir over a 30-year period (1968-1997) showed the possibility of the agreement on the water allocation of the monthly total dissolved solids (TDS)=1,490 mg/L considering the different factors based on the opinions of decision makers and reducing conflicts among them.

지속가능발전을 위한 물 교육 내용체계의 개발 (A Study on Contents Development of Water Education for Sustainable Development)

  • 성정희;이재혁
    • 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
    • /
    • 제24권2호
    • /
    • pp.86-98
    • /
    • 2011
  • Water problems recently, not only influence environmental issues such as water quality and water management but also influence socioeconomic issues such as poverty, gender, and regional conflicts. Therefore there is increasing attention on water education as part of the environmental education. Yet water education in formal education is only treated with particular subjects like science and social studies with limited contents which fails to cover the social, economic problems related to water thoroughly. Also, though there is an active water education on the field of informal education. its contents are also very limited. Water education requires the implementation of a comprehensive and holistic approach that can holistically consider economic and social problems as well as environmental problems. Therefore in this research, 'water education for sustainable development' is set up as a direction of contents development which include interdisciplinary and holistic aspects. Contents development of water education for sustainable development is an reflection of the experts and teacher's opinions and contain of: main category dividing into three pillars of sustainable development such as environment, economy, and society, and subcategory covering environmental science's objective including knowledge, skill, attitude, and action as well as local, national, regional, and global issues.

  • PDF

남북공유하천 갈등 사례와 이의 문제점 분석 (Conflicts of South-North Koreans Shared Rivers and its Problems)

  • 장수형;이광만
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
    • /
    • pp.122-127
    • /
    • 2015
  • 하천을 간단히 정의하면 물이 흐르는 길이라 할 수 있다. 현대사회에서 물은 생존권과 직결되는 중요한 경제적 자원이다. 하천이 물이고 물이 곧 하천이다 보니 국가 간 한정된 자원을 이용하기 위한 경쟁이 뜨겁다. 국제규범에 따라 공평한 물 배분이 실현되는 경우도 있지만 많은 국제하천이 국가 간 갈등의 중심에 있는 경우가 다반사다. 남북공유하천도 정치적, 군사적 대립관계를 고려할 때 갈등이 커질 수밖에 없다. 현재 임진강, 북한강 등 남북공유하천 전 구간에 걸쳐 많은 수리시설물이 건설되어 이용되고 있으며, 상류 국간인 북한의 유역변경 및 일방적인 방류에 대하여 하류국가인 남한이 그 피해를 고스란히 받고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 남북공유하천의 과거 및 현재의 갈등 사례를 검토하고 물을 둘러싼 주요 이슈 및 쟁점에 대하여 검토하여 남?북한 모두가 win-win 할 수 있는 납북협력 방안대하여 검토하고자 한다.

  • PDF

다층건물 사용자의 누수확대 방지용 비상배수설비 설치에 대한 의견 연구 (A Study on Multi-story Building Users' Opinions about the Installation of Emergency Plumbing Equipment for Preventing the Spread of Water Leakage)

  • 연철수;서진형
    • 한국주거학회논문집
    • /
    • 제27권4호
    • /
    • pp.59-66
    • /
    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the necessity of 'emergency plumbing equipment for preventing the spread of water leakage'. It reviews social and economic costs when there is spread of water leakage and finds out that those are enormous. Expansion of water leakage causes conflicts between neighbors, economic loss and inconvenience from damages on facilities like elevator and power failure. Next, it examines the inability of existing plumbing equipment when it comes to spread of water leakage. Newly defined 'Surface Leakage' means rapid leak in the surface, and 'Internal Leakage' means seeping out slowly and gradually buried in the pipeline. It will also be analyzed by separating the concept of a leak in the two concepts of a 'Surface Leakage' and 'Internal Leakage'. It proposes emergency plumbing equipment for preventing the spread of water leakage as a solution for the expansion of water leakage. It explains general concepts of emergency plumbing equipment for preventing the spread of water leakage. It will also examine the effectiveness of the user by performing a survey of 420 multi-level building their opinion on the effects of an emergency plumbing equipments to prevent the spread of water leakage.

Aqueduct 3.0과 Water Conflict Chronology를 활용한 한국의 수자원 및 물 분쟁 사례 분석 (Analysis of Water Resources and Water Conflicts in Korea using Aqueduct 3.0 and Water Conflict Chronology)

  • 이준학
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
    • /
    • pp.395-395
    • /
    • 2023
  • 전 세계 곳곳에서 매년 발생하고 있는 홍수, 가뭄, 수질 문제는 인류가 해결해야 할 공통적인 문제이다. 홍수, 가뭄, 수질 문제뿐만 아니라 수자원의 지역적인 불균형과 인근 지역의 물 분배 문제, 공유하천 문제 등으로 인한 물 사용자 간의 물 갈등, 물 분쟁도 지속되고 있다. 최근 정보통신기술이 발달함에 따라 수자원 관련 각종 위험지표, 물 갈등, 물 분쟁 사례를 자료화하여 활용할 수 있는 온라인 플랫폼이 개발되고 있다. Aqueduct 3.0은 전 세계 물 위험을 식별하고 평가할 수 있는 물 위험평가 프로그램(water risk assessment tool)으로 세계 수자원 협회에서 2019년 기존 프로그램을 업데이트하여, 온라인 플랫폼을 통해 전 세계 각국의 지역별 수자원 분포에 따른 각종 위험지도와 데이터를 무료로 제공하고 있다. 또한 세계 자연기금(World Wide Fund For Nature)도 온라인 플랫폼으로 전 세계의 물 위험 필터도구(water risk filter tool)를 제공하고 있다. 또한 물 갈등 연대기(Water Conflict Chronology)는 태평양 협회에서 전 세계 물갈등 사례를 수집하여 연대별로 정리한 것으로, 업데이트되어 2022년 사례까지 제공하고 있다. 본 연구는 Aqueduct와 Water Conflict Chronology 등 온라인 플랫폼에 탑재된 한반도 관련 수자원 자료를 조사하여 기존 자료와 분석하였다. 연구 결과 Aqueduct와 Water Conflict Chronology 등 온라인 플랫폼이 수자원 관련 교육의 유용한 도구임을 알 수 있었다.

  • PDF

한강수계 물이용부담금을 둘러싼 이해당사자 간 갈등분석 (The Analysis of Stakeholders' Conflict Surrounding Water use Charges: Targeting the Han River region)

  • 이영경;최예술;김찬용;임업
    • 지역연구
    • /
    • 제37권1호
    • /
    • pp.45-61
    • /
    • 2021
  • 본 연구의 목적은 한강수계 물이용부담금을 둘러싼 이해당사자들의 갈등해결을 위한 최적방안을 제시하는 방법론적 틀을 설계하고, 분석결과를 통해 한강수계 물이용부담금 갈등해결을 위한 정책 방향을 제시하는 것에 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 한강수계 물이용부담금을 두고 서로 다른 입장을 취하고 있는 의사결정자들 간의 다면적인 갈등의 메커니즘을 이해하는 과정이 선행되었으며 갈등해결을 위한 그래프모형을 적용하여 한강수계 물 이용부담금 갈등 해결을 위한 최적방안을 도출하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 한강수계 물이용부담금 갈등의 해결점을 찾을 수 있는 최적의 상태는 서울·인천 지역이 지속적으로 물이용부담금 인하를 요구하는 것과 동시에, 서울·인천·경기 지역이 기존 부과요율에 따른 부과금을 납부하는 것이다. 그리고 한강수계관리위원회는 갈등 해결을 위해 물이용부담금 부과요율 결정에 대한 의사결정구조 합리화, 서울·인천 지역에 대한 한강수계관리기금 지원근거 마련, 수혜 지역 및 주민의 특성을 고려한 한강수계관리기금의 투명한 운용 등을 포함하는 서울·인천 및 경기지역이 원하는 정책을 수립할 때 갈등의 해결점을 찾아갈 수 있었다. 본 연구는 한강수계 물이용부담금 갈등해결 관련 환경정책 방향을 수립하는데 객관적인 의사결정 정보 제공을 할 수 있고, 환경의 공동 사용에 따른 갈등과 관련된 유사한 후속연구에 방법론적인 기반을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

물 분쟁 해결을 위한 대안적분쟁해결방안(ADR) (An Introduction to Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR) for the Water Conflicts Resolution)

  • 이명우;이충성;박교;심명필
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
    • /
    • pp.1491-1495
    • /
    • 2005
  • 물 분쟁은 더 이상 다른 나라의 이야기가 아니다. 우리나라 역시 산업구조의 변화와 인구의 증가로 물의 수요가 증가함에 따라 많은 물 분쟁이 발생하고 있다. 물 분쟁은 많은 원인과 다양한 차원의 분쟁주체들이 관계하고 있어 복잡한 네트워크구조로 나타나는 특징이 있다. 이러한 다양한 종류의 물 분쟁을 해결하기 위해서는 그 대책 또한 법률적, 기술적, 사회적으로 다양하게 접근 하여야 할 것이다. 그러나 과거 우리나라의 경우 분쟁이 발생하였을 때 그 분쟁의 최후 결정은 주로 사법기관에 의하여 처리되곤 하였다. 이러한 사법적 분쟁해결은 많은 시간과 비용을 필요로 하며 분쟁당사자 모두 만족할 수 없는 결과를 야기 할 수 있는 큰 단점을 안고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 보완하고 물 분쟁을 해결하기 위한 방안으로 대안적분쟁해결방안(ADR: Alternative Dispute Resolution)을 소개하고, 적용가능성에 대하여 검토하였다. 물 분쟁의 해결을 위해 ADR을 활용한다면 시간과 비용의 절약, 원만한 분쟁해결, 사후에도 당사자들의 좋은 관계 유지 등의 이점을 기대 해볼 수 있다.

  • PDF

Effects of Carbonation on the Microstructure of Cement Materials: Influence of Measuring Methods and of Types of Cement

  • Pham, Son Tung;Prince, William
    • International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
    • /
    • 제8권4호
    • /
    • pp.327-333
    • /
    • 2014
  • The objective of this work was to examine the influence of carbonation on the microstructure of cement materials. Different materials, which were CEM I mortar and paste, CEM II mortar and paste, were carbonated at $20^{\circ}C$, 65 % relative humidity and 20 % of $CO_2$ concentration. The specific surface area and pore size distribution were determined from two methods: nitrogen adsorption and water adsorption. The results showed that: (1) nitrogen adsorption and water adsorption do not cover the same porous domains and thus, we observed conflicts in the results obtained by these two techniques; (2) the CEM II based materials seemed to be more sensible to a creation of mesoporosity after carbonation than the CEM I based materials. The results of this study also helped to explain why observations in the literature diverge greatly on the influence of carbonation on specific surface area.

조류에너지의 이용기술 (Development Trends of Tidal Current Energy and Its Test Bed)

  • 양창조;황태규
    • 진공이야기
    • /
    • 제3권2호
    • /
    • pp.11-16
    • /
    • 2016
  • Tidal current energy is the most interesting renewable resources that have been less harnessed. Korea has globally outstanding tidal current energy resources and it is highly needed to develop a tidal current energy conversion system. It is reported that the total amount of available tidal current energy is approximately 6GW in Korea. A good tidal site candidate is required a large amount of fast moving water, bathymetry and seabed properties, no conflicts with other users and is close to a load and grid interconnection. In this review, we summarized the results of R&D projects regarding tidal current resources, utilization projects and demonstration test bed.

일본(日本)의 어업관리제도(漁業管理制度)에 관한 법적 고찰 (A Legal Study on the Fisheries Management System in Japan)

  • 차철표
    • 수산해양교육연구
    • /
    • 제9권2호
    • /
    • pp.121-148
    • /
    • 1997
  • The Japanese fishery management system has been established on the basis of various experience accumulated over many years. The fishery management system in Japan, one of the oldest fishery management systems in the world, is aimed at ensuring comprehensive utilization of the water surface and developing fishery productivity, by giving protection of the breeding environment of aquatic animals and plants, enabling the appropriate use of fishery grounds, preventing and solving disputes over fishery grounds and making other fishery adjustments. Japanese Fishery Law has been changed largely into (1) The Feudal Era(to 1900), (2) The Oldest Fishey Law(1901~48), (3) Current Fishery Law(1949 to present). Japanese fishery legislation is designed as a single package combining coastal, offshore and distant-water fisheries. During the period of the old fishery law, numerous conflicts arose over the joint use of fishing grounds and fish stocks. Such conflicts occurred among users of the same gear as well as between users of different gears or of different sizes of fishing craft. Large scale conflict sometime occurred between neighbouring fishing communities due to a lack of fairness in principle and coordination in practice. Therefore, the new fishery law enacted in 1949. This law was designed primarily to realize the most effective and rational use of fishing grounds and fishery resources, the basic philosophy being that, through democratic organization by fishermen themselves, productivity would be stimulated and incomes and living standards eventually improved. Nowadays, Community Based Fisheries Management through democratic organization by fishermen themselves have to enforce at coastal fisheries. This Community Based Fisheries Management manage to fishery resources by fishermen themselves and harvest in collaboration with that resources. Therefore, this paper is intended to briefly to describe the entire system and the historical development of Japanese fishery legislation in order to assist in reform of our country fisheries management regime.

  • PDF