• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 1995

For the effective treatment of aphthous stomatitis, the matrix type mucoadhesive patches containing triamcinolone acetonide have been formulated. The drug layer was obtained by drying the polymer gel which was prepared with carbomer 934P, ammoniomethacrylate copolymer, titanium dioxide and polyethylene glycol 400. The effects of the content of additives on physical characteristics of the polymer gel and the drug layer were evaluated. The addition of carbomer increased the yield point and the zero-shear viscosity of polymer gel as well as the thickness, the water absorption ratio, the adhesive time and $T_{50%}$ of drug layer. The adhesive time and the water absorption ratio of drug layer were also improved by the addition of ammoniomethacrylate copolymer, but the addition of titanium dioxide had decreased the zero-shear viscosity of polymer gel and the adhesive time of drug layer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.273-276
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• 1991

The rate constants of hydrolysis of ${\alpha}$, N-diphenylnitrone and its derivatives have been determined by UV spectrophotometry from pH 2.0 to 13.5, and a rate equation which can be applied over a wide pH range was obtained. On the basis of rate equation, hydrolysis product, and general base and substituent effects, a plausible mechanism of hydrolysis has been proposed: Below pH 5, the hydrolysis was initiated by the protonation and followed by the addition of water to ${\alpha}$-carbon. However, above pH 11, the hydrolysis was proceeded by the addition of hydroxide ion to ${\alpha}$-carbon. In the range of pH 5-11, the addition of water to nitrone is rate controlling step.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 1995

The effluent from conventional nightsoil treatment plants contains nutrients, color and chlorides, in addition to residual organics and suspended solids, and thereby causes substantial pollution problems in receving water resources. In order to verify the usefullness of electrolysis in removing those residual pollutants from such conventional nightsoil treatment plant effluent, a bench scale experiment was conducted using sufficiently dilluted human nightsoil as experiment feeds. The result showed mean removals of 45% of total phosphorus and 85% of color, in addition 87% of residual BOD, 47% of residual COD and 85% of residual SS. The optimum electric current was found to be 15 ampere and the optimum hydraulic residence time 21/2 hour.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.04b
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• pp.747-750
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• 1998

The application of spent liquor(BSL) obtained from alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone cooking of pine bark to cement mortar significantly improved the water-reducing ability and decreased the rate of cement hardening. However, the compressive and flexural strength of BSL addition to cement mortar were lower than that of PLAIN. The application of 0.2% antifoamer to BSL slightly decreased water-reducing ability, but remarkably improved the compressive and flexural strength of cement mortar. On the other hand, BSL decreased the rate of hardening of cement, which exhibited the protperties of the lignosulfonated based retarding water-reducing type. but the setting time of cement could be controlled by addition of Na2CO3 could be used to convert BSL to normal or accelerating concrete admixtures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.359-364
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• 2005

The possible use of milk factory waste water as fermentation media for the production of citric acid by cells of Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142 has been investigated. The addition of $Mn^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$ to a medium promoted the citric acid production steadily, but addition of another metal ion $Mg^{2+}$decreased the citric acid production. The concentrations of citric acid were marked up to 7.2g/1 and 16.5g/l in a batch bioreactor by A. niger ATCC 9142 with 50g/1 and 100g/l of reducing sugar concentration in milk factory waste water, respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.216-223
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics of Sikhe prepared with Astragalus membranaceus water extracts. The pH of the Sikhe increased with increasing amounts of the added extract. The L value (Lightness) decreased with increasing extract content, whereas the a and b values increased with increasing amounts of extracts. The saccharinity of the Sikhe also increased with increasing amounts of the extract. The microbial cell counts of the Sikhe samples presented no distinct differences in the early storage period, but the total microbial cell counts decreased with increasing concentrations of the extract over a longer storage period. Adding the extract did not affect the sensory characteristics of the Sikhe. Thus, according to our results, the addition of Astragalus membranaceus water extract has no impact on the sensory characteristics of Sikhe and can reduce the amount of added sugar. In addition, these results indicate Astragalus membranaceus may inhibit normal microbial growth and extend the shelf life of Sikhe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.461-470
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• 1998

The effects of addition of water extract of pine needle(WEPN) on texture and cell wall polysac-charides content of kimchi during fermentation at 1$0^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Textural properties of hardness, gumminess and cohesiveness of kimchi were higher for WEPN-added kimchi than for the control during the entire fermentation periods, while its adhesiveness was lower. Alcohol insoluble substance, among cell wall polysaccharide fractions of kimchi was higher in WEPN-added kimchi than in the control but water soluble materals was high in control during fermentation periods. The separation phenomenon of middle lamella of control kimchi tissue was observed at 14th days of fermentation but WEPN-added kimchi showed at 21th days fermentation. The vasular of kimchi tissue was more destroyed in control than in WEPN-added kimchi.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.645-653
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• 2005

The effects of a WI(Water Injection) at the intake Pipe and an urea injection at the exhaust pipe for a 4-cylinder DI(Direct Injection) diesel engine were investigated experimentally The water quantity was controlled by temperature of intake manifold and MAF(Manifold Air Flow). In addition, the urea quantify was controlled by NOx quantify and MAF. Effects of WI system, urea-SCR system and tandem system were investigated for with and without EGR(Exhaust Gas Recirculation). As the results. the SUF(Stoichiometric Urea Flow) and NOx map were obtained. In addition, NOx results can be visualized with engine speed and engine load. It was concluded. therefore, that the NOx reduction effects of the tandem system without the EGR were more than those with the EGR base engine.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.277-282
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• 1992

This study was designedto investigate changes in phsicochemical properties of rice extrudate with added glycerin fatty acid ester extruded by single screw extruder. According to emulsifier content, expansion ratio and water solubility index were represented minimum in rice extrudate with added 2.0% and 2.5% glycerin fatty acid ester. Extrudate with added 1.5% emulsifier revealed lowest break strength and bulk density, so got a tender and light texture. Meanwhile water absorption index was showed maximum at 1.5% emulsifier content. As emulsifier content increased, lightness raised. By the microstructure obsorved with image analyzer, addition of emulsifier had decreased area and fractarea of air cells of cross section of extrudates. On the results of this research, quality of extrudate with added 1.5% glycerin fatty acid ester was considered very well than 100% rice extrudate, because of tender and light texture, highest water absorption indexand fine structure with higher lightness.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 1990

The photooxidation of human erythrocyte ghosts has been studied and the effects of ginseng water extract on it have been investigated. In the presence of photosensitizer, rose bengal, human erythrocyte ghosts have caused photooxidation by lO2 and produced lip)id hydroperoxides. Ginseng water extract and d-${\alpha}$-tocofherol have inhibited photooxidation, ,whereas ascorbic acid has developed in low concentrations but inhibited in high concentrations. On the other hand, amounts of lipid hydroperoxide produced by photooxidation were decreased by addition of catalase after irradiation and according to sequential addition of ginseng water extract into it, the formation of lipid hydrolleroxide was decreased simultaneously.