• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2006

This study examined the growth and sensory characteristics of soybean sprout cultured at 25$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ for 4 days with distilled water control and green tea extracted water (0.03% and 0.05%). The proximate composition of soybean sprout in the green-tea water was better than that of the control in ash, protein and fat, while the soybean sprout was especially higher in 0.05% green-tea water. The contents of vitamin C and $\beta$-carotene were higher in soybean sprout in green-tea water than the control. The total free amino acids composition of soybean sprout in green-tea water was better than that of the control, with the highest being obtained in soybean sprout in 0.03% green-tea water. Antioxidative activity was assayed by DPPH radical scavenging ability with spectrophotometer at 514 nm. The soybean sprout in green-tea water was higher than control. The amylase activity of the soybean sprout increased steadily during the first 4 days and that of the control was higher than soybean sprout in green-tea water. The proteinase of soybean sprout steadily increased during 4 day culture. Furthermore, the proteinase activity of soybean sprout in green-tea water was higher than that of the control up to 2 days. Whereas after 3 days, it was the highest in 0.03% green-tea water and then decreased remarkably in 0.05% green-tea water.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.11-15
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• 1981

Antler, deer horn, occupies a particular place in oriental folk medicine as so called tonic remedy. In order to study on the effects of Antler water extract on stress resistance in mice, quantitative response was measured for the change of spontaneous activity by chemical stress drugs in the control group or the Antler water extract pretreated group. Spontaneous activity in mice was measured by counting the number of interruptions of light. The results of experiment were summerized as follows; I) In case of administrating Antler water extract 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 50mg/kg, and 100mg/kg, no significant change was observed in spontaneous activity in comparison with the control group. II) In case of administrating Antler water extract for 5 days or 10 days, no significant change was observed in spontaneous activity by chemical stress drugs, caffein and chloropromazine, in comparison with the control group.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.623-628
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• 2000

The antioxidative effect of mugwort extracts was measured by DPPH and LDL with four different solutions (70% acetone, ethanol, hot water, cold water). Mugwort extracts contained 3.2% of polyphenol, 380 RE/l00 g of vitamin A, 16.2 mg/100 g of vitamin C, and 5.1 ${\alpha}$-TE/100 g of vitamin E. DPPH revealed the effect in the order of 70% acetone, hot water, ethanol, and cold water. In particular, 70% acetone showed outstandingly stronger activity than the control group. Also, when 10 ${\mu}\ell$ was added, the effect was well noticed. But the antioxidative activity was hardly seen at 15 ${\mu}\ell$. LDL exhibited the same order of strength in proportion to mugwort＇s concentration. Against the control group, the activity of 70% acetone was 7 times, hot water and ethanol 6 times, and cold water 2 times. This result is attributable to the antioxidative increase of polyphenol and antioxidative vitamins.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1185-1190
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• 2008

When 10 kinds of herbal medicines were fractionated into hexane, MeOH, cold-water, and hot-water extracts, hot-water extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus (AS), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU), Cichorium intybus (CI), and Polygonatum odoratum (PO) showed the potent intestinal immune system modulating activity (1.72-, 1.62-, 1.60-, and 1.53-fold of control at $100{\mu}g/mL$, respectively). Especially, hot-water extracts from AS (215% compared with the control) and GU (187%) also had macrophages stimulating activity and mitogenic activity of splenocytes (7.1- and 6.5-fold) at $100{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the effects of hot-water extracts from herbal medicines on anticancer activities were studied in mice. Hot-water extracts from AS and GU enhanced cytotoxicity of natural killer cell against cancer cell, Yac-1 (37 and 34% cytotoxicity) at E/T ratio 100:1, and colon 26-M3.1 cancer cell lines had significantly inhibited (82.1 and 75.2%) in experimental lung metastasis. These results suggest that hot-water extracts from A. senticosus and G. uralensis can be used as biological response modifiers to stimulate immune system and inhibit tumor.

• 생약학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 1985

This investigation was performed to study the effect of Ginseng water extract on the cardiac sarcolemma $Na^+,\;K^+-ATPase$ activity of rat hearts. The Ginseng water extract (100mg/kg/day) was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for one, four and seven days. The fragment of sarcolemma was prepared by the method of Matsui and Erdmann and the $Na^+,\;K^+-ATPase$ and $Mg^{++}-ATPase$ activity were measured by the method of Martins and Doty. $Na^+,\;K^+-ATPase$ activity in the rat heart treated with Ginseng water extract for 1 day was not significantly different from control value, but the activity was decreased by 13.4% in the rat heart treated for 4 days and was decreased by 20.4% in the 7 days treated group. $Mg^{++}-ATPase$ activity in the rat treated with ginseng water extract was similar to control value. It may be concluded that chronic administration of Ginseng may inhibit the $Na^+,\;K^+-ATPase$ enzyme activity, but single administration may not inhibit the activity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.344-350
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• 1998

Lipid lowering properties from three plant water extracts, Rosa rugosa, Crataegus pinnatifida and Polygonum cuspidatum, were tested by supplementing a 1% high-cholesterol diet with them in rats. Plasma triglyceride levels in Rosa fugosa, Crataegus pinnatifida and Polygonum cuspidatum groups were significantly lower compared to that of the control. by 29% , 24% and 47% respectively. hepatic trigylceride levels in Rosa rugosa and Crataegus pinnatifida groups were significantly lower compared to the control by 11% and 15% respectively. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity in Rosa rugosa group was significantly greater compared to the control by 406%. Hepatic ACAT activity was significantly lower in Polygonum cuspidatum group compared to the control by 28%. by multiple regression results, only plasma cholesterol was associated significantly (p<0.05) with liver HMG-CoA reductase activity. Plasma cholesterol explained 12% of thevariance of the liver HMG-CoA redctase activity. In conclusion, we have showen that hot water extracts from Rosa rugosa, Crataegus pinnatifida and Polygonum cuspidatum lowered plasma triglycerides in rats fed on a high-cholesterol diet. Data suggests that these extracts could potentially prevent or treat hypertriglyceridemia induced by a high fat diet and fatty liver.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2009

This study examined effects on shelf-life extension and prevention of starch retrogradation in rye-wheat mixed bread (RWMB) samples prepared with substitutions of 20, 40, 60, and 80% rye sourdough (RSD) as well as a control made with the addition of naturally fermented raisin extract. These effects were investigated using mold growth, water activity, and textural characteristics during a storage period of 8 days at $20^{\circ}C$. The activities of the rye sourdough were examined in terms of pH, total titratable acidity, general bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast counts. As the incubation time of the sour dough increased, pH decreased, while total titratable acidity increased. General bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast counts increased with increasing incubation time. Mold grew on the external surface of the control group after 6 days and on the surface of the RSD bread samples after 8 days, respectively. With regard to water activity, the control group had increasing activity as the storage period increased. In addition, the 20, 40, 60, and 80% RSD samples had increasing water activities until the 4th day however, these strongly decreased by the 6th day. In terms of textural characteristics, as the storage period increased, hardness increased, while springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience decreased. There were no significant differences in gumminess among the samples. The control, 20, 40, and 60% RSD samples had decreases in chewiness with increasing storage time, however, the 40% RSD sample did not differ significantly during the storage period. Finally, water activity was negatively correlated with hardness (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that substituting rye sourdough in rye-wheat mixed bread has a prolongation effect on shelf-life, but no effect on the prevention of starch retrogradation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1967

Nine male rats in which 90% or more of the hippocampal tissue was removed through a small hole made in the neocortex at the boundary between the parietal and the occipital lobes (hippocampal group), 3 male rats with similar neocortical damage alone (operated control group), and 9 normal control male rats (normal control group) were prepared. Their general activity was measured for 48 hours in an activity cage by recording the number of beams they interrupted. The amount of food and water intake was also checked simultaneously. Results obtained were as follows: 1. The general activity of the hippocampal group was 2 to 3 times as great as that of the operated control or the normal control group. 2. All of the 3 groups demonstrated clear-cut circadian variation of activity, the diurnal and the nocturnal activity being in the ratio 22 : 78. 3. The amount of food and water consumed by the hippocampal group did not differ significantly from that by the opperated control or the normal control group. In the course of the experiment which continued for 3 months the hippocampal group gained weight least among the 3 groups.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2013

Rhodococcus sp. strain p52, a previously isolated dibenzofuran degrader, could effectively inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria, including species of Microcystis, Anabaena, and Nodularia. When strain p52 was inoculated at the concentration of $7.7{\times}10^7$ CFU/ml, 93.5% of exponentially growing Microcystis aeruginosa ($7.3{\times}10^6$ cells/ml initially) was inhibited after 4 day. The threshold concentration for its algicidal activity against M. aeruginosa was $7.7{\times}10^6$ CFU/ml. Strain p52 exerted algicidal effect by synthesizing extracellular substances, which were identified as trans-3-indoleacrylic acid, DL-pipecolic acid, and L-pyroglutamic acid. The effective concentrations of trans-3-indoleacrylic acid and DL-pipecolic acid against M. aeruginosa were tested to be 0.5 mg/l and 5 mg/l, respectively.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2002

On-line conversion estimation of enzymatic esterification reactions in solvent-free media was investigated. In principle, conversion to ester can be determined from the amount of water produced by the reaction, because water is formed as a by-product in a stoichiometric manner. In this study, we estimated the water production rate only from some measurements of relative humidity and water balances without using any analytical methods. In order to test the performance of the on-line conversion estimation, the lipase-catalyzed esterification of n-capric acid and n-decal alcohol in solvent-free media was performed whilst controlling water activity at various values. The reaction conversions estimated on-line were similar to those determined by offline gas chromatographic analysis. However, when the water activity was controlled at higher values, discrepancies between the estimated conversion values and the measured values became significant. The deviation was found to be due to the inaccurate measurement of the water content in the reaction medium during the initial stages of the reaction. Using a digital filter, we were able to improve the accuracy of the on-line conversion estimation method considerably. Despite the simplicity of this method, the on-line estimated conversions were in good agreement with the off-line measured values.