• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of soil neutralizing treatments on soil characteristics and growth of Aster koraiensis in the acid soil of abandoned metal mine for selection of proper neutralizer. The most effective neutralizers were acid mine drainage sludge, waste lime + oyster and compost. Those neutralizing treatments showed promoting growth of Aster koraiensis. According to this study, it is applicable of acid mine drainage sludge, waste lime + oyster and compost to neutralize acid soil for rehabilitation in abandoned metal mine. However, follow-up study is necessary to calculate proper ratio of each neutralizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2003

This study was conducted to find out the effect of a lime stabilized slaughterhouse waste(LSW) on the growth of chinese cabbage and soil pH. Two levels of the lime stabilized slaughterhouse waste treatment, 169 and $338kg\;10a^{-1}$, with N-P-K fertilization were tested, and treatments of N-P-K and N-P-K with slaked lime were included in the experiment as a control. Fresh weight of chinese cabbage at harvest was not significantly different among the treatments. However, in the LSW treatment of $169kg\;10a^{-1}$, fresh weight of chinese cabbage was 5% higher comparing to the N-P-K treatment. Contents of N, P, and K in chinese cabbage were higher in the LSW treatments in comparison to the control treatments. Competitive inhibition of Mg uptake by Ca in the treatments of LSW and lime was apparent. Soil pH was increased by the application of LSW, and the increase in the LSW treatment of $169kg\;10a^{-1}$ was nearly the same as the soil pH increase in the slaked lime treatment. The lime stabilized slaughterhouse waste can be considered as a potential soil amendment for amelioration of soil acidity and supply of organic matter as well.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 1996

Twelve indigenous(desi) growing male calves of 9-12 months of age($95.3{\pm}12.6kg$) were divided into 4 groups having 3 animals in each group. Each group of calves received 1 kg fresh concentrate mixtures where tea waste was supplemented as 0($T_0$), 50($T_1$), 100($T_2$) and 150($T_3$) g $d^{-1}$ with the replacement of equal amount of concentrate mixtures. In addition, each calf received ad libitum chopped rice straw and 2 kg green grass a day. Dry matter intake increased by offering higher levels of tea waste except in the treatment $T_3$. Daily gain(g $d^{-1}$) was comparatively higher in $T_2$ group(314.6g) compared to other treatments. Feed efficiency(kg DM $kg^{-1}$ gain) was also higher in $T_2$ group(9.9) where feed cost $kg^{-1}$ gain was also comparatively lower(Tk. 25.7) than the other treatments. Dry matter and CP digestibility increased with the increase in supplementation of tea wastes except in the treatment $T_3$.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2016

White waste papers are very important resources in the paper industry, but their use is limited because of the residual of fluorescent whitening agent (FWA). So the removal of FWAs from waste paper is an important task in the recycling process to improve the use of recycled resources. In this study, we focused on the FWAs used for surface treatments and carried out physical and chemical treatments to remove them from white waste papers. The white waste papers were disintegrated with a surfactant in different pH and temperature conditions, and then handsheets were made for the measurement of the fluorescence index, which is proportional to the amount of FWAs on papers. The effect of the flotation process on the removal of FWAs after disintegration was also investigated. The fluorescence index decreased as the disintegration time increased, but over a relatively long time, the fluorescence index increased again, which indicated the readsorption of the FWAs detached from the cellulosic fibers of the white waste papers. The lowest fluorescence index was shown when the waste papers were disintegrated with a 0.3% surfactant addition at pH 10 and at $45^{\circ}C$. However, the flotation treatment was not effective, because the flotation induced contact between the detached FWAs and the cellulosic fibers, and re-adsorption occurred.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.361-374
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented food waste (FFW) supplementation on growth, nutrient digestibility and pork quality of growing pigs. A total of 48 crossbred pigs were assigned to four treatments in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Treatments were 1) Control (basal), 2) FFW 2% (basal+2%FFW), 3) FFW 4% (basal+4%FFW) and 4) FFW 6% (basal+6%FFW). Diets were formulated based on corn-soybean meal and the FFW products were provided to weaning, growing and finishing periods. During the whole experimental period, FFW treatment groups showed similar ADG, ADFI and G:F ratios (P>.10) compared to control group. However, In the finishing period, pigs fed 6% FFW tended to be lower ADG than other dietary treatments (P=0.13) resulting in lower final weight. All pigs showed inconsistent blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations pattern. In metabolic trial, nutrient digestibility was not affected by the supplementation of FFW. The pork quality was affected by the supplementation of FFW based upon pork pH, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and meat color analysis. These results suggested that utilization of fermented food waste to growing pig's diet reduce production cost without any detrimental effect on pork quality when it was provided at low level.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.sup
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• pp.35-40
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• 2012

This study was to performed to investigate the effect of horseradish powder and mushroom waste in fattening pig diet on odorous compound concentration from slurry. Twenty fattening boars [Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] weighing an average body weight of $78.4{\pm}8.88$ kg were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments (control, horseradish 0.03%, mushroom waste 0.5%, and combination; horseradish 0.03% + mushroom waste 0.5%). This experiment was a randomized complete block (RCB) design using 5 pigs per treatment with 1 pig per metabolizable cage. Pigs were fed experimental diet (amount proportional to 3% of their body weight) twice a day (09:00 and 16:00) for 7 d after having 14 d adaptation period. Experimental diets were mixed with water by 1:2.5 v/v. Odorous compounds in slurry including acetate, propionate, butyrate, trans fatty acid isomers were not different (P>0.05) among treatments. There was no difference (P>0.05) in the levels of phenol compounds including phenol and p-cresol in slurry among treatments. Concentration of indole was lower (P<0.05) in horseradish group compared with others. Skatole level was highest in control and horseradish group, middle in mushroom waste group, and lowest in combination group (P<0.05). Concentration of indole compounds was lowest (P<0.05) in combination group. Data from our current study suggest that indole compounds in slurry can be reduced by administrating pigs with 0.03% horseradish powder and 0.5% mushroom waste in their diet.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

The consumption of KimChi, which Korean are a favorite food, has dramatically increased by changes of life style and waste as by-products in KimChi factory. This study was conducted to evaluate an effect of compost of caster oil cake (COC) mixed with waste from KimChi factory (KWF) and its growth effect of lettuce. Treatments were consisted of 4 treatments as COC compost (60% COC+40% sawdust) as control, control+35% KWF (K-1), control+50% KWF (K-2), and control+65% KWF (K-3). Temperature, pH, O.M. and microbial phase of COC composts blended various ratios of KWF or free were unaffected. It was appeared that nitrogen content of KWF treatments was higher, but the ratio of organic matter and nitrogen was lower than the control. Although KWF treatments were acceptable compost under the guideline of Korean, NaCl content of K-3 was 1.91%, and it was very higher than that of others. In comparison with fresh weight and dry weight of lettuce, K-1 and K-3 were similar to control. These results indicated that the waste from KimChi factory was possible to use the composting raw blended materials below 35% mixtures.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2005

This study investigated the effect of dried food-waste diets(FW) fermented by Aspergillus oryzae(AO), on broiler growth performance, $NH_3$, emission and fecal microflora. Three hundreds broilers, two week old Hubbard strain, were randomly allotted to 4 experiments and fed with standards early boiler diet replaced with FW and AFW. In experiment 1, eighty four broilers were distributed into 7 treatments with 4 pens at 3 birds per replicate(pen). The dietary treatments ; T1 was com-soy bean meal based broiler diet(Control), T2, T3, T4 were for basal diet replaced with dried food waste without AO(FW) at the level of 20, 40 and $60\%$, respectively and T5, T6 and T7 followed the same levels for the basal diet but using Aspergillus oryzae inoculate food-waste(AFW). For experiments 2, 3, 4, seventy two broilers were distributed into 6 treatments with 4 pens at 3 birds per replicate(pen), respectively. The dietary treatments were the com-soy bean meal based broiler diet replacement with different combinations of FW and AFW, 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 0:1. at level of 20, 40 and $60\%$, respectively. In Exp. 1, it tended to be decreased in weight gain, however, there were no statistical differences among treatments except FW $60\%$ level of replacement(p<0.05). Feed intake and feed efficiency was not different among treatments. Total bacterial counts were not different between the control and FW diet, but E. coli decreased as the AFW levels of replacement were increased(p<0.05). There were no differences in weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency among treatments in Exp. 2 and weight gains were lower fur FW diet compared with the control and AFW diet in Exp. 3(p<0.05). In Exp. 4, there were no differences in feed intakes among treatments, but lower in weight gain and feed efficiency in FW diet than that the control. In experiment 3, the $NH_3$ emission was the highest among treatments in FW/AFW 1:0 diet(p<0.05). From these results, it seems that FW would be supplemented up to $20\%$ in broiler diets and AO culture extract could improve FW value as feed supplements.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.343-348
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• 1999

Populus euramericana has been identified as a possible species for use for phytoremediation of landfills. To identify the effects of waste leachate on the growth and physiological characteristics of Populus euramericana. four different treatments were applied to Populus euramericana seedlings: leachate solution (100% leachate). 25% dilution (75% leachate: 25% water. v/v), 50% dilution (50% leachate: 50% water. v/v) and control (100% tab water) were applied to Populus euramericana. Treatment with waste leachate significantly stimulated Populus euramericana height. diameter at root collar and biomass production relative to the water control. Chlorophyll contents. photosynthesis and transpiration of leachate irrigated-trees were significantly higher than those of water control. These results suggested that poplar could be a suitable species for phytoremediation in landfills because these species showed good growth performance and were capable of taking up waste leachate.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.597-604
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• 2014

Laboratory-scale landfills (simulated landfills) were designed to determine the formaldehyde released into air and leachate from medium density fiberboard (MDF). Simulated landfills were constructed using cylindrical plastic containers containing alternating layers of soil and MDF for a total of five layers. The highest concentration of formaldehyde was found in the air and leachate from the MDF only treatment compared to treatments containing MDF and soil. At the end of the study (28 days), formaldehyde concentrations in air and leachate from treatments containing MDF and soil decreased by 70 percent and 99 percent, respectively, while the treatment containing MDF only still released formaldehyde into the air and leachate. Therefore, waste MDF after storing 4 weeks in water may be recycled as compost or mulch based on formaldehyde leaching. Also, these data indicate soil restricts formaldehyde release into air and leachate and provides new information about the fate of wood-based composite waste containing UF resin disposed in landfills.