• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.376-387
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• 2020

Objectives: This study is aimed at offering basic data for making plans for offensive odor management after researching offensive odor occurrence and characteristics in Gangwon Province. Methods: The data used in the study is based on offensive odor data analyzed by the Gangwon Institute of Health and Environment from 2012 to 2019. The data were reclassified by year, month, facility, and region to identify characteristics of occurrence. Finally, a distribution map of offensive odors was created using ArcGIS. Results: The highest monthly frequency of offensive odor occurrence falls in June, August, and July, and the summer season and third quarter are the highest. According to the latest eight-year data for Gangwon Province, complaints about offensive odors in county areas are more frequent than those in city areas. There are many offensive odor complaints in Wonju, Cheorwon, and Heongsung. The main offensive odor emission facilities are livestock and waste treatment (recycling) facilities. Complaints about offensive odors are relatively lower the Yeongdong area than Yeongseo area, which is considered to be the result of characteristics of land-sea breezes and geographical factors. Offensive odors from livestock facilities count for an average of 53.9% of the total, and the inadequacy rate of livestock facilities averages 36.9%. Conclusions: To maintain a clean environment in Gangwon Province, it is strongly recommended that an offensive odor reduction plan for livestock facilities be established. Areas with a high density of offensive odor occurrence should be identified and systematically managed with short- and mid-term measures. If offensive odors is managed using GIS, it is possible to identify the characteristics of occurrence by time and space and also by facility. In addition, since systematic data management is possible, it is believed that a rapid response to offensive odors, prediction of their spread, and efficient management are possible.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1997

This study was conducted to analysis citizen's attitude and style to the foodwaste from l0th Sept. to 30th Sept. in 1996. The research was used questionare method and analysis was used prequency analysis and cross table method by SPSS (scientific statistics). The foodwaste of householdwaste account for 24.8%, and the magnitude by the kinds of garbage were waste from pre-cocking stage, fruitshell, foodwaste remained after eating, septic foodwaste during storage. The more the housewives'age are young, foodwaste volumne were much. Most remained foodwaste after eating were soup and pot stew. The main cause of foodwaste production was overvolumne cooking. 88.8% of answers think that a menu can be useful to reduce foodwaste. The survey showed that 87.3% of answers put into the meter-rate bag after removed wetness of garbage. 84.1% of answers thought that the recycling of foodwaste needed, but the practical housewife was only 21%. For the suitable treatment of foodwaste, Survey showed that the consistent policy of goverment and continuous publicity was needed essentially, and that the public notice of TV or radio was effective. All of answers would like to participate in recycling of foodwastes whether public-posting or personal-posting. To set up vessel of posting at household, the proper purchase price and space of institution are needed, also the solution of sanitory & aesthetic problem and the collection of composting-product must be achieved smoothly.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 1998

Changes of chemical and physical properties of the butchery waste compost were assessed when the wastepaper was used as a bulking agent (BP). Temperature of compost, with frequent turnover, was increased up to $83^{\circ}C$ even during the winter. Canon exchange capacity of the compost was increased with composting time, but pH, water content, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio and salt concentration were decreased to the extents showing a convergency. Heavy metal contents of BP-192 were lower than the standard criteria. Germination rate of cucumber seed, when BP-34 and BP-96 composts were applied more than 15 g, was under 40%, but those of BP-143 and BP-192 were 100%, irrespective of the amounts of compost used. The C/N ratio of the matured compost was 8.6. Results indicated that wastepaper might be employed as a bulking agent for butchery wastes composting.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2014

Radioactive materials are in use and have many applications from the generation of electricity to the purposes of research, industry and medicine such as diagnosis and therapy. In the course of their use some of radioactive substances may be discharged into the environment from facilities using the unsealed radioactive materials, which are main artificial sources occurring the public exposure. Discharges are in the form of gases, particles or liquids. This paper provides procedures to estimate the level of the public exposure based on the conservative assumptions and simple calculations in the facility using unsealed liquid sources. They consist of two processes; (1) to calculate maximum concentration of gaseous effluents discharged through the exhaust pipe and average concentration of liquid effluents discharged through the drain of the storage tank, (2) to compare each of them to numerical guidances for the discharges of radioactive gaseous and liquid effluents mentioned in the related notification. For this purpose followings are assumed properly; daily usage, form and dispersion rate of radionuclides, daily amount of radioactive liquid waste and exhaust and drainage equipment. The procedures are readily applicable to evaluate environmental effects by planned effluent discharges from facilities using the unsealed radioactive materials. In addition they may be utilized to obtain practical requirements for radiation safety control necessary for the reductions of the public exposure.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Biochar (BC) has a great potential for enhancing soil fertility and carbon sequestration while facilitating beneficial waste disposition. Therefore, it is essential to assess and mitigate any inadvertent consequences associated with soil biochar amendment. Earthworm activity is very vital in the soil system, yet there are a limited number of studies that have examined their impact resulting from biochar application to soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the survival, growth, reproductive tests, and oxidative DNA damage tests (measured by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and catalase (CAT) activities) to assess the potential toxicity to earthworm Eisenia fetida in artificial soil amended with BCs were investigated. The BCs derived from perilla meal, sesame meal, and pumpkin seed were pyrolyzed at 300 and $550^{\circ}C$, and then amended with soil at a rate of 5%. All the earthworms survived, but lost weight compared to control soil after 28 day incubation period. Moreover, the BC-amended soils did not significantly affect the cocoon numbers of earthworms. Slightly higher concentrations of 8-OHdG and CAT were observed in earthworms present in BC-treated soil than those in control soil. Furthermore, the 8-OHdG concentrations in the soil amended with BC produced at $550^{\circ}C$ were greater than those at $300^{\circ}C$, and it slightly decreased as the incubation time increased. CONCLUSION: These observations could be due to higher contents of toxic metal(loid)s and also higher pH in BCs pyrolyzed at $550^{\circ}C$ than $300^{\circ}C$. While BC is efficiently being used in agricultural fields, this study suggests that it is required to assess the unintended negative impacts of BC on soil ecosystems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.162-168
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• 2001

성인의 정서에 따른 심혈관계 반응의 변화에 대한 연구는 많이 있으나, 아동 정서에 따른 심혈관계 반응에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 본 연구실에서 개발한 자극을 이용하여 유발된 정서에 따른 심혈관계 반응의 차이를 규명하고자 한다. 복합자극으로 구성된 아동용 정서유발 프로토콜을 사용하여 아동에게 다섯가지 정서(기쁨, 슬픔, 분노, 스트레스, 무료함)를 유발시키는 동안 심혈관계 반응(ECG, PPG)을 측정하였다. 실험참여 아동은 만 5세에서 9세 사이의 아동으로 모두 141명이며, 분석에는 132명 (학령전 남: 30/ 학령전 여: 33/ 학령후 남:37, 학령후 여:32)의 데이터가 활용되었다. 분석에 사용하나 심혈관계 생리반응 변수는 심박률(HR), 호흡주기 관련 심박률변화 (RSA), 심박률분산(HRV), 심박률분산의 고주파수성분 (HFHRV)과 저주파수성분 (LF HRV), 혈류량 (FPV)이었다. 이 변수들 중 심박률, R파 간 간격을 기준으로 한 심박률변산의 고주파수 성분과 저주파수 성분, 그리고 혈류량에서 정서에 따라 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 심박률은 기쁨, 슬픔을 스트레스나 무료함과 구분할 수 있고, 분노를 다른 정서들과 구분하는 것으로 나타났다. 혈류량 역시 분노와 다른 정서들 간에 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 고주파수 성분은 무료함을 나머지 정서들과, 저주파수 성분은 슬픔, 스트레스를 무료함과 구별할 수 있었다. 정서에 따라서는, 기쁨과 분노 유발정서에서는 심박률과 혈류량이 감소하였고, 슬픔은 심박률과 저주파수성분이 감소하였으며, 스트레스는 독특하게 심박률이 감소하였다. 그리고 무료함에서는 고주파수성분과 저주파수성분은 증가하고 혈류량은 감소하는 특징적인 양상을 보였다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 심혈관계 반응을 이용하여 아동정서를 구분하는 것이 가능함을 밝혔다.공을 제외한 BH-2, BH-3호공에서의 이방성 투수량계수텐서값은 이 논문의 가정인 대수층이 이방성이고 균질하다는 가정에 일치하지 않았다. 따라서 원형좌표계에 도시하였을 때 다른 공에 비해서 비균질성이 심한 결과로 인해 이방성타원체 에서 많이 벗어남을 보였다. 이로인해 3개의 공 BH-1, BH-4, BH-5호공을 사용하여 대수층의 이방성을 분석하여 보았다. BH-1호공에서의 $T_{{\varepsilon}{\varepsilon}}$는 171.90 $m^2$/day, $T_{ηη}$는 71.0l $m^2$/day이고 주 텐서방향은 Nl5.39$^{\circ}$ E로 나타났다. BH-4호공의 $T_{{\varepsilon}{\varepsilon}}$는 268.20 $m^2$/day, $T_{ηη}$는 28.75 $m^2$/day이고 주 텐서방향은 N7.55$^{\circ}$E이며 BH-5호공에서의 $T_{{\varepsilon}{\varepsilon}}$는 168.40 $m^2$/day, $T_{ηη}$는 66.80 $m^2$/day이고 주 텐서방향은 N76.59$^{\circ}$E로 나타났다. 이처럼 연구지역에서의 각각의 공에 대한 투수량계수텐서는 서로 다르게 나타났으며 이에 따른 주 텐서방향도 서로 다름을 알 수 있다.. Targeting a 10% recycling rate for municipal waste in 2001. EPA plans to research and develop new rec

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

The environmental impact of nutrient waste from agriculture has become an area of concern as ways to produce more food and of offspring. In dairy cattle, as the genetic capacity for milk production has increased, decreased fertility has become a severe problem by feeding high dietary protein, resulting in high concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). There are numerous reports on BUN which is associated with reduced conception rates and closely related to body condition score (BCS) in lactating cattle, but not in Korean native cattle. This study was therefore performed to investigate the relation of BUN to both BCS and conception rates in Korean cattle. A total of 400 female Korean cattle (2∼5 years) in Daewanryong were used for this experiment. Feeding condition divided into two groups depending on grazing and darn feeding period. In grazing period, the mixture of Timothy, Orchard grass and Tall fescue, and concentrates (2.5 kg/day) was fed whereas hay (6.5 kg/day) and corn silage (20 kg/day) were fed while barn feeding period. Average BUN concentration at grazing and barn feeding were 7.39$\pm$2.65 mg/㎗ and 12.36$\pm$2.92 mg/㎗, respectively. During grazing period, high rates of pregnancy showed at 4∼8 mg/㎗ BUN concentration. In barn feeding period, 66%, of cattle were in pregnant at 8∼l4 mg/㎗ BUN concentration. The BCS for obtaining high rate of pregnancy raged at 2.5∼3.5. However, BUN did not directly relate to BCS in Korean cattle.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.379-387
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• 1999

During the past several decades, electricity generating plant increased with remarkable rapidity in Korea. Recently the increase has been much more rapid as the rate of industrialization has accelerated. Construction of nuclear power plants in coastal areas inevitably caused the perturbation of critical coastal habitats and thus influenced marine algal species composition. Particularly, an increase in the building of nuclear power plants led the amounts of heat discharged to increase exponentially. As far as the effects of cooling water and thermal discharges are concerned, benthic marine algae are likely to be vulnerable to a discharge. Heated effluents from nuclear power plants, with the temperature rises of 7~12$^{\circ}C$ under normal operating and design conditions, are discharged through the discharge canal and into natural water bodies. It is clear that the characteristic marine algal community is developed in the area affected by the thermal discharges; i.e. low species richness and low species diversity. Nevertheless, it is worthwhile to note that elevated temperatures exert differential effects depending on the algal populations. Benthic marine algae grown at the discharge canal can be regarded as warm tolerant species. 35 species (4 blue-green, 9 green, 8 brown and 14 red algae) of marine algae occurred more than 20eye frequency at discharge canal of three nuclear power plants in the east coast during 1992 ~ 1998 and thus can be categorized as warm tolerant species in Korea. To minimize the ecological impacts of waste heat on benthic marine algae, it is recommended that, in the future, nuclear power plants will have to employ some form of closed-cycle cooling for the condensers.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 2019

Domestic thermal power plant fly ash is at a situation which emissions are increasing every year. Comparing to Fly Ash, Bottom Ash is only 15 %, but it's recycling rate is low, so most of them is being buried in the ground. However, landfill site of every power plant is full, and the construction of a new landfill is difficult. To solve this problem, the best solution is to use Bottom Ash as a landfill of large-scale civil engineering projects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the compression strength behavior characteristics of weak clay and uniaxial compression test to examine the applicability of surface soil solidification method of mixed soils mixed with industrial waste coal ash and weak clay which is buried in bulk. As a result of the test, the fluidity of the Mixed soil with clay + bottom ash + cement was improved to 200 mm at the water content of 91-92 %. The uniaxial compressive strength was also good for the mixed soils (clay + bottom ash + cement) meeting the required strength of 159 kN/㎡ at 28 days. However, the other samples did not meet the required strength. In this study, the prediction equations for the compression strength behavior by cement and curing period were presented.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.3 s.71
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• pp.46-57
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• 2006

This study was carried out for the purpose of recovering the refined gypsum from waste phosphogypsum. The refined gypsum was recovered as a under product of 325 mesh wet screening followed by dehydration and hydration stage. The influence of dehydration temperature and time, dehydration rate, aging time, slurry density of hydration and sonication time on the yield and grade of gypsum were investigated. The refined gypsum of $94{\sim}96%$ grade is recovered in 95% yield by wet screening after selective dehydration and hydration process, from the phosphogypsum. For the better separation efficiency of gypsum, it is recommended to treat the phosphogypsum at the conditions of as follows; 6hr's dehydration at $140^{\circ}C$, hydration slury density of $3{\sim}10%$, hydration temperature of $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, hydration time of 2hr. In additions, addition of sodium citrate 0.005M and sonication of $5{\sim}10min.$ are effective for increase the recovery of gypsum. On the other hand, aging the dehydrated gypsum 16 hours or longer make decrease the recovery of gypsum remarkably.