• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.84-94
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify the composition of dominant microorganisms in waste handling industries. Methods: We collected airborne bacteria and fungi by agar plate impaction method in recyclable waste sorting industry, food recycling industry, landfill and incineration. Isolated dominant microorganisms were identified by VITEK system or morphological analysis. Results: We isolated totally 330 microorganisms in the process and outdoor. Bacillus was the most dominant genus in the all industries, and Sphingomonas, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, and Proteus was dominant bacterial genus. The dominant genus of fungi was Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium in each industries. Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Proteus was identified as the dominant gram negative bacteria. The ratio of bacteria being biosafety levels(class 1 or 2) was 58.3~77.8%. Conclusions: This study has investigated the dominant microorganisms in the waste handling industries. The genus of dominant microorganisms was similar among the industries but the composition was different. We used biosafety levels as qualitative method, but further studies are needed about specific process of qualitative evaluation methods.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution patterns and exposure concentrations of biological hazards in waste handling industries. Methods: We selected 3 recyclable waste sorting plants(RWS), 2 food recycling plants(FR), 1 landfill area(LA) and 1 waste incineration plant(WI). Total airborne bacteria and fungi were measured with single stage impactor and gelatin filters. Endotoxin and glucan were measured with polycarbonate filters in total and respirable dust. Results: The geometric mean of airborne bacterial concentration was the highest in FR($3,273CFU/m^3$), followed by LA, RWS, and WI as 1,334, 934, and $860CFU/m^3$. The fungal concentrations were 6,031, 5,052, 3,307, and $713CFU/m^3$ in RWS, WI, FR, and LA, respectively. By process, WI pit showed the highest concentrations of bacteria, fungi, and endotoxin, followed by inside of bulldozer in LA. The indoor to outdoor ratios of bacteria, fungi, endotoxin and glucan were 2.3, 4.0, 2.3, and 5.0 in RWS, 29.5, 4.9, 7.6, and 5.0 in FR, 5.3, 8.7, 26.8, and 9.5 in WI, respectively. Conclusions: We found that biological hazards, specifically bacteria in FR, fungi in RWS and endotoxin in WI pit and bulldozer at LA, should be controlled to prevent worker's respiratory diseases.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.535-553
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• 2020

In this study, the characteristics of the waste sector CDM project were analyzed through cluster analysis of the waste sector CDM project and the analysis of the CDM investment cost in waste sector using CDM project data registered with UNFCCC since 2008 when EU ETS phase 2 began. As of September 2020, 772 cases of CDM projects in waste disposal and disposal are registered. Biogas technology is the largest, followed by livestock manure processing and biomass production technology. The results of the cluster analysis are summarized as follows: First, on average, projects utilizing AWMS technology are small in size and relatively low in investment costs. This is judged to be relatively low investment costs due to previously attracted foreign investment capital. Second, the average investment cost of CDM projects considered along with waste (No.13), the energy industry (No.1) and agriculture (No.15) was higher than those involving only waste. The analysis of the factors determining the investment cost of the waste sector CDM project showed that, as with cluster analysis, the AWMS technology, which is a livestock manure treatment technology, was lower in the investment cost than those that use other technologies. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the investment cost of the CDM project was analyzed lower in the order of biomass, AWMS, LFG and biogas. Also, the higher the investment cost for CDM projects linked to waste, energy and agriculture, and the better the investment environment, the higher the investment cost. Although no statistical feasibility was obtained, the larger the annual emission reduction, the lower the CDM investment cost.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2022

In decommissioning a nuclear power plant, numerous concrete structures need to be demolished and decontaminated. Although concrete decontamination technologies have been developed globally, concrete cutting remains problematic due to the secondary waste production and dispersion risk from concrete scabbling. To minimize workers' radiation exposure and secondary waste in dismantling and decontaminating concrete structures, the following conceptual designs were developed. A micro-blast type scabbling technology using explosive materials and a multi-dimensional contamination measurement and artificial intelligence (AI) mapping technology capable of identifying the contamination status of concrete surfaces. Trials revealed that this technology has several merits, including nuclide identification of more than 5 nuclides, radioactivity measurement capability of 0.1-10⁷ Bq·g^-1, 1.5 kg robot weight for easy handling, 10 cm robot self-running capability, 100% detonator performance, decontamination factor (DF) of 100 and 8,000 cm²·hr^-1 decontamination speed, better than that of TWI (7,500 cm²·hr^-1). Hence, the micro-blast type scabbling technology is a suitable method for concrete decontamination. As the Korean explosives industry is well developed and robot and mapping systems are supported by government research and development, this scabbling technology can efficiently aid the Korean decommissioning industry.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2007

Carton and corrugated paperboard have excellent convertibility characteristics that could be easily slitted, folded, and inserted to become a certain shape of box or case. This excellent processing characteristics of carton and corrugated paperboard as well as their recyclability will continue to make them possess high portion in packaging markets. However, staple, tape, or adhesive have been used to seal a paperboard packaging box or case. Staples among them have been frequently used in many cases because of their convenience. Staples could enter the inside the box and give wounds to the goods in the box or case. Furthermore additional handling and waste treatment costs in the making and recycling processes would be necessary when staple is used to seal box or case. This study has been carried out to develop non-staple paperboard packaging box & case designs that can be used to make non-staple boxes & cases. It is believed that the non-staple folding paperboard boxes & cases could be more environmental-friendly, beautiful, and economic than staple boxes & cases.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.457-469
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• 2023

The clearance level by nuclide is announced by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission. However, the clearance level of uranium existing in nature has not been announced, and research is needed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the clearance level of uranium nuclides appropriate to domestic conditions preliminary. For this purpose, this study selected major processes for recycling metal wastes and analyzed the exposure scenarios and major input factors by investigating the characteristics of each process. Then, the radiation dose to the general public and workers was evaluated according to the selected scenarios. Finally, the results of the radiation dose per unit radioactivity for each scenario were analyzed to derive the clearance level of uranium in metal waste. The results of the radiation dose assessment for both the general public and workers per unit radioactivity of uranium isotopes were shown to meet the allowable dose (individual dose of 10 µSv y^-1 and collective dose of 1 Man-Sv y^-1) regulated by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission. The most conservative scenarios for volumetric and surface contamination were evaluated for the handling of the slag generated after the melting of the metal waste and the direct reuse of the contaminated metal waste into the building without further disposal. For each of these scenarios, the radioactivity concentration by uranium isotope was calculated, and the clearance level of uranium in metal waste was calculated through the radioactivity ratio by enrichment. The results of this study can be used as a basic data for defining the clearance level of uranium-contaminated radioactive waste.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.109-116
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• 2003

국내 원자력 산업의 급속한 성장과 더불어 하나로 시설의 본격적인 가동 및 핵연료주기시험과 관련한 연구의 증가로 인하여 방사성폐기물의 발생량 및 누적량이 지속적으로 증가될 전망이며, 이에 따라 방사성폐기물의 안전성 확보 및 감용 처리를 위한 노력이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 조사후시험시설에서는 원자력발전소에서 발생하는 사용후핵연료봉의 결함원인 규명과 건전성 평가를 위한 조사후시험을 수행하고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 조사후시험시설에 설치되어 있는 방사성고체폐기물 처리설비를 활용하여 조사후시험에서 발생하는 폐기물의 압축, 파쇄, 절단기술 및 경험사례에 대하여 기술하였다. 고준위 방사성고체폐기물 처리는 특수 제작하여 핫셀에 설치되어 있는 100톤 압축기로 방사성고체폐기물을 압축하여 폐기물의 양을 1/12정도로 감용 처리하였으며, 중ㆍ저 위 방사성고체폐기물은 인터벤션에 설치된 60톤 압축기를 사용하여 가연성폐기물을 1/8정도로 압축 감용 처리하였다. 폐플라스틱 통은 파쇄기를 사용하여 절단처리 함으로써 1/5, 폐 필터는 1/6의 감용 비를 얻었으며, 비 가연성물질인 금속류 물질 또한 절단 처리하여 드럼의 양을 줄일 수 있었다.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.345-350
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• 2003

핫셀내에서 원격작업을 수행할 수 있는 천정 이동 서보 매니퓰레이터 시스템의 시제품을 소개한다. 핫셀(hot cell)에 기본적으로 설치되는 마스터-슬레이브 매니퓰레이터 (master-slave manipulator, MSM)는 팔 길이의 제한 때문에 핫셀내 장치의 유지보수를 효과적으로 수행할 수 없다. 따라서, MSM의 결점인 접근 지역의 제한을 극복하기 위해 천정 이동 서보 매니퓰레이터(Bridge Transported Servo Manipulator, BTSM) 시스템을 개발하고 있다. 개발한 시제품은 부분적으로 와이어 구동방식을 채택한 단일 팔 형태의 힘반영 마스터-슬레이브 서보 매니퓰레이터로 중량 및 규모 대비 취급하중이 기존 마스터-슬레이브 서보 매니퓰레이터 보다 크다. 이는 산업용로봇 및 일반적인 구동장치의 개발에도 유용하다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2020

터널시공 현장에서는 콘크리트와 숏크리트 및 각종 그라우팅 공법의 사용으로 다량의 알칼리성 폐수가 발생되고 있으며 하천오염을 방지하기 위해 중성화 처리를 해서 방류해야 한다. 현재는 이를 황산과 같은 강산으로 중화 처리하고 있으나 취급상의 위험이 내재 되어있다. 그 대안으로 이산화탄소(CO₂) 사용이 부각되었고 다양한 실내실험 연구가 진행되어 그 가능성이 입증되고 있다. 하지만 아직 CO₂의 현장 적용연구가 절대 부족하고 특히 건설현장에서는 실내 실험 결과와는 다른 특성을 보이고 있기 때문에 현장 적용이 어려운 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현장 실험을 통하여 실제 현장 적용 가능성을 검증하고자 한다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

An amazing growth in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain based smart cities from both industry and academia has been witnessed in the recent years. There are many smart applications such as intelligent transportation, smart banking, improving the life style of citizen, energy consumption and managing the waste in the city, handling home needs are supporting the Smart city concept. These applications are profoundly supported by the advanced technologies like Blockchain as well as IoT in the recent past. Smart cities can be supported by the Blockchain core concepts such as secure, transparent, decentralized and immutable nature. Still, Blockchain and IoT technologies implementation in smart cities are in their early stages and significant research efforts are desirable to integrate them. This review article explores the roles and responsibilities of Blockchain and IoT in building smart cities.