• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.3-9
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• 2008

The Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment commonly referred to as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive or RoHS was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union. The RoHS directive took effect on 1 July 2006, and is required to be enforced and become law in each member state. This directive restricts the use of six hazardous materials in the manufacture of various types of electronic and electrical equipment. It is closely linked with the waste electrical and electronic equipment directive (WEEE) 2002/96/EC which sets collection, recycling and recovery targets for electrical goods and is part of a legislative initiative to solve the problem of huge amounts of toxic e-waste.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

Upcycling generally refers to the conversion of waste materials to something useful or valuable and is a useful concept that can be applied not only to the waste design industry but also to waste recycling and resource circulation. Our study highlights upcycling as the key concept for improving the value of waste by redefining the concept as "the recycling of waste materials and discarded products in ways that enhance their value." Four upcycling strategies are linked to material flow analyses conducted on waste electronic and electrical equipment, specifically waste refrigerators and waste computers, to examine the technologies available for implementation and suggest guidelines for the promotion of upcycling. The amount of waste refrigerators collected by the formal sector was 121,642 tons/y and the informal sector, 63,823 tons/y. The current recycling ratio of waste refrigerators was estimated as 88.53%. A total of 7,585 tons/y of waste computers were collected by the formal sector and 3,807 tons/y by the informal sector after discharge. Meanwhile, the current recycling ratio of waste computers was estimated as 77.43%. We found that it is possible to introduce 28 upcycling technologies in the case of refrigerators, and 15 technologies are available to promote upcycling in the case of computers. By refining the broad concept of upcycling and looking at the stages of material flow, our approach presents universally applicable directions for incorporating upcycling in resource recovery and recirculation plans.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

Producer and distributor of electrical and electronic equipment may directly collect waste electrical and electronic equipment that falls under the class to which the equipment they distributed belongs, or may join KERC(Korea Electronic Recycling Cooperative) and have KERC fulfill the duty to collect on behalf. In this study, the system of calculating the financial contributions is reviewed, and then the defined problems and improvement plan are proposed. First, the standard operation and time should be set for collection and transportation costs, taking into account the operation by collection type. Second, since there is a difference in the screening method of the recycling center, the standard cost for the allocation factor should be set by reflecting the difference in these methods and the characteristics of the product line being processed. Third, it is necessary to secure a budget of sufficient size by determining the median or average value rather than the minimum value in the forecast model for visit collection. This study is suggesting in that it examines the problems of the allotted contributions paid by the mutual aid members to KERC and suggests ways to improve them.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.12-21
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• 2013

Waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE or E-waste) is one of the fastest growing waste stream in Korea. The proper management of such equipment has become of major concern for solid waste professionals because of the large growth of the waste stream and the presence of a myriad of toxic materials in it. In this paper, in order to evaluate the economical value of the recycling metallic materials from the E-waste, big size electrical home appliances, small size electrical home appliances, end of life hand phone and PCB(printed circuit board) were reviewed.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.14-23
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• 2009

In terms of resources recycling and resolving waste disposal problems, it is very important to recover precious metals like Au, Ag and Pd and valuable metals like Cu, Sn and Ni from the scraps of waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE) that consists of detective electrical and electronic parts discarded during manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments and waste electrical and electronic parts generated during disassembling them. In general, the scraps of WEEE are composed of various metals and alloys as well as refractory oxides and plastic components. Precious and valuable metals from the scraps of WEEE can be recovered by gas-phase-volatilization, hydrometallurgical, or pyrometallurgical processes. However, the gas-phase-volatilization and hydrometallurgical processes have been suggested but not yet commercialized. At the present time, most of the commercial plants for recovering precious and valuable metals from the scraps of WEEE adopt pyrometallurgical processes. Therefore, in this paper, the technical and environmental aspects on the important pyrometallurgical processes through literature survey are reviewed, and the scale-up result of a new pyrometallurgical process for recovering the precious and valuable metals contained in the scraps of WEEE using waste copper slag is presented.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.16-33
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• 2011

Waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE or E-waste) is one of the fastest growing waste stream in Korea. The proper management of such equipment has become of major concern for solid waste professionals because of the large growth of the waste stream and the presence of a myriad of toxic materials with in it. In this paper in order to review the recycling system and recycling industries of the E-waste in Korea, the main frame concerning recycling of "Act on the Resources Recycling of Waste Electrical Electronic Equipment(WEEE) and End-of-life vehicles", recycling system, current recycling status, estimation of the E-waste generation, material flow of the E-waste, economics of PCB and recycling industries of the E-waste were surveyed.

• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.232-241
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• 2008

European directive DIRECTIVE 2002/96/EC requires minimum recycling & recovery rates on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). We tried to make references for recycling and recovery rates of parts and materials used in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), which could be used to calculate recyclability and recoverability rates of a product in the development phase. First, we investigated recycling processes of WEEE and recycling and recovery characteristics of parts and materials. Based on the investigation results and the european recycling data, we made a data base of parts and materials for calculation of recycling and recovery rates of EEE. The developed DB was improved by reflecting advices of european experts.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.70-80
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• 2013

Waste refrigerator is the most large amount of item being recycled and the recycling process is the most complicated in WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) because refrigerator is biggest product and consists of various parts and materials such as ferrous, non-ferrous, and plastics. Recently, recycling process of waste refrigerator has been being more complex since large capacity 2 door refrigerators and standing Kimchi refrigerators with various material are distributed on custom market. In addition, recycling of valuable resource from waste refrigerator is mandatory by WEEEs recycling legislation; therefore, high efficiency recycling enough for economic and environment-friendly recovery of valuable resource through present technical situation analysis and comparison of recycling technologies of waste refrigerator with advanced country.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.38-49
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• 2015

The importance of recycling came to the fore by increasing of waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE) generation. Small WEEE recycling in particular represents a big challenge in Korea because it has various items and components. Main materials of small WEEE are typically well known for metals (copper, iron, aluminum, etc.), PCBs and plastics. Not only Korea but also overseas, the laws for small WEEE were in effect in order to recycle effectively, but the technology is not catched up with the regulation which has to recycle an allocated account of WEEE. In addition, recycling technologies and processes for small WEEE are not developed enough to recycling center properly. In that sense, if we develope the recycling process, have not only technology competitiveness but also resource conservation, improving the environment and economic profits. Therefore, through the analysis of economic value of recycled small WEEE, and current technologies both domestically and internationally, we design conceptual recycling process of small WEEE, and consider the way forward.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.334-339
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• 2012

A study on electrical and electronic equipment will occur in the atmosphere, which is essential to cut the power to prevent the waste of power by power measurement technology development and to develop the technology to do this operation is the main core of standby power to detect and block it and return the configured for software and hardware, while the actual construction to ensure stability through field testing and debugging of problems improved accordingly, as well as ease of installation and so it could be done while the test. In addition, in terms of basic hardware switching of standby power when blocking, reducing stress and ensure stable operation and circuit design, power off and back to ensure stable operation even when a protection circuit is applied.