• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.889-898
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• 2018

Backfilling of mine stopes with waste rocks or tailings is commonly done to enhance ground stability. It is also an alternative for mining wastes disposal. A successful application of underground backfilling requires an accurate evaluation of the stress distribution in stopes. Over the years, various analytical solutions have been proposed to assess these stresses. Most of them were based on the arching theory, considering uniform stresses across horizontal layer elements. The vertical and horizontal stresses in vertical stopes are principal stresses only along the vertical center line, but not close to the walls where there is rotation of the principal stresses. A few solutions use arc layer elements that follow the iso-contours of the minor principal stresses, based on numerical solutions. In this paper, a modified analytical solution is developed for the stresses in vertical backfilled stopes, considering a circular arc distribution. The proposed solution is calibrated with a few numerical modeling results and then validated by additional numerical simulations under different conditions.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.335-339
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• 2003

The estimation of seawater intrusion into deep aquifers has been becoming an important subject in terms of site characterization for geological disposal of radioactive waste. Conventional direct-current resistivity methods have been used for ground water explorations and recently have been applied to environmental problems. However, electromagnetic methods are more practical and useful for such a deep investigation. We consider audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) and surface-to-borehole electromagnetic (EM) tomography methods as promising tools for the investigation of deep aquifer. These methods were tested in the Hasunuma area, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Although the study area is in an urban area, high-quality AMT data were acquired, which was mainly accomplished by night-time data recording and remote-reference data processing. One-dimensional inversion results of the AMT data revealed two extremely conductive zones, which is consistent with the electrical conductivity profile of pore water in core samples. It can be interpreted as the seawater intrusions into both zones. However, the chemical analysis of the groundwater sampled in the deep zone suggests that this groundwater must be fossil seawater that had been confined during sedimentation processes. In addition, the permeability coefficient of the deep layer is very low. Thus the deep conductive zone corresponds to the fossil seawater regarded as being difficult to flow.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.927-939
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• 2012

Cool roofs are currently being emerged as one of important mechanism to save energy in relation to the building. Although green roof has already gained nation-wide recognition as a typical method of energy saving in the roof, this approach did not provide a realistic evidence that is economically feasible in terms of installation cost. This research is primarily intended to compare installation cost between the two techniques. This research proposes a comparative evaluation framework in a more objective and quantitative way for an installation cost between the two techniques. Kyungpook National University (KNU) was selected as a survey objective and an exhaustive and realistic comparison of installation cost between the two techniques was conducted, based on Life Cycle Cost analysis (initial investment cost, maintenance cost, dismantling and waste disposal expense). It was possible to identify that installation cost of cool roofs is 4.7 times cheaper than that of green roof. Also present value based on probabilistic approach was identified as 0.25 (4.95) higher than the installation cost on the assumption of constant price and interest. It is expected that much more installation cost for the large scale green roof will be required since small-size green roof selected as a survey objective in this study could be operated under less initial installation and maintenance condition.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2013

Animal and crop production systems were integrated on a single farm. This integrated farming system recycled nutrients on the farm. The separation of animal and crop production with the introduction of cheap commercial fertilizers, farms were not used land-applied manure. The on-line manure matching is one of the emerging business in the achievement of recycling and resource recovery. The manure matching actively promotes the reuse and recycling of by-products and manure. This study constructs to manure matching information system to solve the exchange problems between herders and croppers. Manure matching web sites designed. This paper introduces a web-based animal manure matching system. A manure matching service, part of the manure transport, links farmers who produce excess manure with farmers who can use the manure. Farmers registered with the service have requested manure. The manure matching service supports the transport project by linking farmers with excess manure with those farmers who can utilize the manure safely as a nutrient source. The goal of the service is to protect water quality by fostering efficient land application. Benefits to those who use the manure network include reduced disposal costs, lower purchase costs and recycling of manure. The manure matching is based on the principle that 'one persons waste is another person's fertilizer.' It provides a free online matchmaking service for environmentally safe manure recycling management system.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.548-557
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• 2015

This study investigated environmental assessments of leachate containing formaldehyde from medium density fiberboard (MDF) disposed in laboratory-scale simulated landfills. Environmental impact assessment of leachate was conducted by measuring formaldehyde, toxicity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), bacterial enumeration, and pH. Amount of formaldehyde in leachate from MDF in soil decreased to the level of soil only treatment by 28 days, and toxicity decreased as the amount of formaldehyde decreased. BOD and COD levels in leachate from the treatments containing MDF exceeded permissible discharge levels of BOD or COD throughout the experimental period. The pH levels of all treatment were within permissible discharge range except on day 0. Fewer bacteria were observed in leachate from MDF in soil treatment than other treatments (MDF only, cured UF resin in soil, and soil only). Consequently, the leachate from disposal of MDF in soil detrimentally affect on environment. However, soil buffered formaldehyde leaching and pH on leachate in this study. Waste MDF may be required the pre-water soaking treatment for leaching formaldehyde to reclaim on land.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.103-105
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• 2005

The importance of protecting people from harsh weather conditions cannot be over-emphasized and the way to. do so should be sought vigorously. The most well known and widely used weather protection fabric in the current industry is $Gor-Tex.^1$ However, the Gore-Tex membrane cannot be attached to cotton or other natural fibers so it's use is not suitable for clothing such as underwear. If the exterior of cotton fabric can be made to be hydrophobic without sacrificing the comfort and breathability, the result will be a cotton fabric with the weather protection capability equivalent to Gore-Tex as well as the ability to provide the best wear comfort. However, this should be done without using toxic and expensive gases to be environmentally friendly and cost effective. Therefore, our approach for hydrophobic treatments of fabric and metal surfaces is to utilize a plasma-based technique. In general, plasma processes do not produce chemical wastes or waste disposal problems and they are fully automated.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.118-128
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• 1984

1978년(年) 4월(月) 29일(日) 상업운전을 개시한 원자력(原子力) 1 호기(號機)의 방사선관리실태放射線管理實態)를 방사선피폭(放射線被爆), 방사성폐기물(放射性廢棄物) 및 환경관리(環境管理)로 구분고찰(區分考察) 하였다. 그 결과(結果) 방사선피폭(放射線被爆)과 방사성폐기물(放射性廢棄物)은 발전소(發電所) 운전년수(運轉年數)에 따라 점차(漸次) 증가현상(增加現象)을 나타내더니, 1983 및 1982 년도(年度)를 정점(頂點)으로 감소(減少) 또는 안정추세(安定趨勢)를 나타냈다. 그리고 발전소 가동후(稼動後)의 주변환경방사능(周邊環境放射能)도 발전소 가동전(稼動煎)보다 높지 않은것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

This paper presents a design method for the horizontal straight ground heat exchanger (GHE) based on the Kavanaugh design method. In order to examine suitability of the suggested design method, a horizontal line type GHE was installed in a steel box of which the size was $5m{\times}1m{\times}1m$ filled with dried Joomunjin standard, and a thermal response test (TRT) was conducted for 21 hours. A numerical analysis was performed for a simulation of a peak month operation and for its verification by finite element method (FEM). According to the simulation results, it was concluded that the suggested design method for a horizontal straight GHE is reliable for the estimation of a design length.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.138-152
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• 2003

지하 수백미터 심부에 위치하는 고준위방사성 폐기물 처분장에서의 열-역학적 안정성 평가를 위해 FLAC3D를 이용한 3차원 해석이 수행되었다. 효과적인 해석을 위해 FISH프로그램이 작성되었으며 고성과 유성 의 시추부지에서 얻어진 지질, 암반 물성자료가 사용되었다. Factional factorial design을 적용한 실험설계를 거쳐 얻어진 응력, 온도에 대한 민감도 분석이 실시되었으며 이를 통해 처분장 안정성에 영향을 미치는 주요 설계 인자의 선정 및 인자 상호간의 영향을 분석할 수 있었다. 연구 결과 열-역학적 안정성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자는 처분공의 간격으로 나타났으며 처분터널의 간격과 완충재의 두께가 그 다음으로 주요한 인자인 것으로 나타났다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.556-567
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• 2015

고준위방사성폐기물 처분장의 장기 안전성 및 안정성 평가를 위해서는 심지층 처분장 환경에서의 열-수리-역학적 복합 거동에 대한 평가가 필요하다. 신뢰도 높은 THM 해석 기법의 개발을 효과적으로 하기 위해 DECOVALEX 국제공동연구가 수행되고 있다. DECOVALEX-2015 Task B2에서는 일본 JAEA에서 계획중인 현장 THM 실험에 대하여 세계 각국의 연구진이 모델링을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 TOUGH2-FLAC을 연계한 THM 해석 기법을 개발하고 이를 이용하여 암반, 완충재, 히터로 구성되는 1차원 THM 모델링을 수행하였으며 해석 결과를 외국의 연구팀 결과와 비교하였다.