• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 1994

This research carried out to investigate the effects of inorganic materials in paper sludge on the thermal degradation and of paper sludge addition on physical and mechanical properties of paper sludge-wood particle mixed boards in comparison with unmodified particleboards. Also these unmodified particleboards and paper sludge-wood particle mixed boards were soaked in aqueous solutions of fire-retardant chemicals(diammonium phosphate and zinc chloride), and their fire retardancy were tested by oxygen index method and ISO ignition test to determine the feasibility of paper sludge, industrial waste, as a recyclable resource in fabrication of fire-resisting panels for building material. Since the redrying of fire-retardant treated particleboards and paper sludge-wood particle mixed boards were made by press drying method, this process was a simple and effective method. On the other hand, flexural bending strength and internal bonding strength were also analysed to evaluate mechanical properties through standard method.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-173
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• 2007

Wood-plastic composites (WPC) are gaining market share in the building industry because of durability/maintenance advantages of WPC over traditional wood products and because of the removal of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) pressure-treated wood from the market. In order to ensure continued market share growth, WPC manufacturers need greater focus on reliability, quality, and cost. The reliability methods outlined in this paper can be used to improve the quality of WPC and lower manufacturing costs by reducing raw material inputs and minimizing WPC waste. Statistical methods are described for analyzing stiffness (tangent modulus of elasticity: MOE) and flexural strength (modulus of rupture: MOR) test results on sampled WPC panels. Descriptive statistics, graphs, and reliability plots from these test data are presented and interpreted. Sources of variability in the MOE and MOR of WPC are suggested. The methods outlined may directly benefit WPC manufacturers through a better understanding of strength and stiffness measures, which can lead to process improvements and, ultimately, a superior WPC product with improved reliability, thereby creating greater customer satisfaction.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.121-128
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• 2019

There is a big move to build zero-energy buildings in the form of passive houses that reduce energy waste worldwide. Korea has set a goal of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 37% by 2030 through the activation of green buildings, such as strengthening the energy levels of new buildings and improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings. The use of insulation with high insulation performance is one of the key technologies to realize this, and vacuum insulation is the next generation insulation that blocks the energy flow of the building. In this study, we measured the bonding structure of dry and wet processing glass fiber core materials and compared the insulation performance of vacuum insulation panel. In addition, the insulation performance of vacuum insulation panel was measured according to the thickness of the laminated core. It can be confirmed that the lamination structure of the core and the lamination thickness are important factors for the heat insulating performance of the vacuum insulating panel.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.3677-3691
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• 2023

Since containment building is the major shielding structure to ensure safety of nuclear power plant, the structural behavior and ultimate pressure capacity of containments must be studied in depth. This paper addresses ambiguous issue of determining free-field position for liner failure by suggesting an expanded free-field region and comparing internal pressure capacities obtained by test data, conservative assumption and suggested free-field region. For this purpose, a practical approach to determine the free-field position for the evaluation of liner tearing is carried out. The maximum principal strain histories versus internal pressure capacities among different free-field positions at various azimuths and elevations are compared with those at the equipment hatch as a conservative assumption. The comparison shows that there are considerable differences in the internal pressure capacity at liner failure within the expanded free-field region compared to the vicinity of the equipment hatch. Additionally, this study proposes an approximate correlation with conservative factors by considering the expanded free-field ranges and material characteristics to determine realistic failure criteria for liner. The applicability of the proposed correlation is demonstrated by comparing the internal pressure capacities of full-scale containment buildings following liner failure criteria according to RG 1.216 and an approximate correlation.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2018

3D printing, also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM), is being positioned as a new business model of revolutionizing paradigms of existing industries. Launched in early 2000, 3D printing technology for architecture has also advanced rapidly in association with machinery and electronics technologies mostly in the United States and Europe. However, 3D printing systems for architecture require different mechanical characteristics from those of cement/concrete raw materials used in existing construction methods. Accordingly, in order to increase utilization of raw materials produced in the cement and resource recycling industry, it is necessary to develop materials processing and utilization technology, to secure new property evaluation and testing methods, and to secure database related to environmental stability for a long period which aims to reflect characteristics of an architectural 3D printing technology.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.261-268
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• 2017

Red mud is an inorganic by-product obtained from the mineral processing of alumina from Bauxite ores. A highly alkali inorganic waste product with a pH level over 11, red mud in its original state negatively impacts the ecosystem, so appropriate treatment is necessary. The development of alkali activated slag-red mud cement can be a representative study aimed at recycling the strong alkali of the red mud as a construction material. However, Alkali-activated binders that use sodium activators have been reported to be more vulnerable to efflorescence. Therefore, in this study, the compressive strength, pore characteristics, water absorption, elution characteristics, and efflorescence properties of alkali-activated slag cement mortar were assessed according to their red mud substitution ratio.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.493-502
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• 2022

In recent decades, infrastructural development has exploded, particularly in the coastal region of Saudi Arabia. The rising demand of most consumed aggregate in construction can be effectively compensated by the alternative material like scoria which lavishly exists in the western region. Scoria is characterized as lightweight aggregate beneficially used to develop lightweight concrete (LWC) - a potential alternative of normal weight concrete (NWC) ensuring reduction in the structural element's size, increase in building height, comparatively lighter foundation, etc. Hence, the goal of this study is to incorporate scoria-based structural lightweight concrete and evaluate its impact on superstructure and foundation design beside contributing to the economy of construction. Fresh, mechanical, and rheological properties of the novel LWC have been investigated. The structural analyses employ the NWC as well as LWC based structures under seismic and wind loadings. The commercial finite element package - ETABS was employed to find out the change in structural responses and foundations. The cost estimation and SWOT analysis for superstructure and foundation have also been carried out. It was revealed that the developed LWC enabled a more flexible structural design. Notable reduction in the steel and concrete prices of LWC might be possible in the low-rise building. It is postulated that the cost-effective and eco-friendly LWC will promote the usage of scoria as an effective alternative in Saudi Arabia and GCC countries for structurally viable LWC construction.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.390-390
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• 2013

Use of recycled aggregates in portland cement concrete construction can offer benefits associated with both economy and sustainability. Testing performed to date indicates that RBMA can be used as a 100% replacement for conventional coarse aggregate in concrete that exhibits acceptable mechanical properties for use in structural and pavement elements, including satisfactory performance in some durability tests. RBMAC is currently not used in any type of construction in the United States. However, use of RBMAC could become a viable construction strategy as sustainable building practices become the norm. Rating systems such as LEED offer points for reuse of building materials (particularly on-site) and use of recycled materials. If renovations at an existing facility call for the demolition of existing brick masonry constructions, the rubble could be included as RBMA in new concrete pavement, sidewalks, or curb and gutter. Other potential uses for RBMAC could include those in the precast concrete industry, particularly in architectural precast concrete applications. In addition to providing acceptable strength and economy, the color of RBMA could be an attractive component of architectural precast concrete panels or other façade components. This paper explores the feasibility of use of RBMAC in several types of sustainable construction initiatives, based upon the findings of previous work with RBMAC produced from construction and demolition waste from a case study site. Guidance for obtaining and using RBMA is presented, along with a summary of material properties of RBMAC that will be useful to construction professionals.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.73-79
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• 2016

Purpose: In order to improve the energy performance of existing buildings, so actively promoted green remodeling business. Also, improvement of the performance of envelope system of apartment housing is an absolute. The purpose of implementation of the data base and application plan of the envelope system for green remodeling of apartment housing. Method: For this study, It proposed a classification system of green remodeling envelope system constructed actual to select the applicable representative method and input material of apartment housing for green remodeling. In this study, divided into construction waste processing stage and production phase of the material for the boundary of the system, and implementation the classification system of the envelope system for applicable green remodeling. For this, established 6 environmental impact categories database. Result: As a result of various suggestions were available for case study research, alternative combinations of existing combinations than six kinds of environmental impact insulation system with superior input materials combining 96 kinds, window system, 12 kinds for determining the applicability of the established database. Depending on the account for a large proportion if compared to the detailed analysis of the environmental impact resulting from the production phase and disposal phase was analyzed that the operating management of the necessary input materials. Is considered that the economic performance and integrated energy performance required by the applicable public housing green remodeling evaluation techniques considered for future improvements insulation sheath.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

The Personal Information Protection Act has been revised continuously since its establishment, and as a way to secure stability properly, the guidelines as well as enforcement ordinances and regulations have been changed, too. It seems that people's recognition and awareness of private information have already evolved to a certain level that is regarded to be fairly high. However, no one can exactly imagine how much ripple effect scrapping discarded paper regarded simply as waste material which is often and easily practiced in our everyday lives exerts and how many socially significant events it may arouse in our lives. Private information is produced, operated, preserved, utilized, distributed within the frame of law unidentified, and then discarded with a particular purpose. While going through a series of processes, each piece of that private information comes to be reproduced melting a lot of information. It is used and also changed beneficially sometimes to richen our lives or as basic material for welfare. Meanwhile, its importance is decided by its weight or mass and then often gets discarded after all. It means that the process of disuse is being done in a way to arouse the possibility of invasion of personal rights and also the second and third and also more exposure of private information. Therefore, approaching the meaning of automation politically, this study aims to suggest how to secure stability in the process of discarding private information in terms of logical automation.