• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 1997

The object of this study were twofold, namely, to study on (1) effect of using ultrasound therapy for curing warts (2) any relation between a cure for warts and onset of warts, as well as subject age. Our subjects, composed of 22 people from age 12 to 49, were assigned to two groups, experimental group and control group. We experimented for 8 session on 12 people in the experimental group by using ultrasound therapy to observe any morphological change in the warts or disappearance of a pain. However, we did not cure warts in the other group, control group. The result of the study are as follows. (1) Ultrasound therapy has an effect on curing warts. (2) Neither condition, onset of warts or subject age, had no influence on a cure for warts.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.330-334
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• 1999

Applying the method of quantitative analysis of pycnidiospore from the detached warts produced by the infection of Botryosphaeria dothidea on apple stems, repeated productivity of spores within the detached warts, variations in the amount of spores within the detached warts, variations in the amount of spores by the length of induction time for sporulation, and the effects of temperature and moisture on the sporulation were investigated. In addition to these experiment, the changes in the state of spores within the pycnidia contained in the warts accompanied by the induction of sporulation and dispersal of spores were also investigated. When detached warts were kept in moist conditions, the sporulation and discharge of spores were also investigated. When detached warts were kept in moist conditions, the sporulation and discharge of spores could be repeated several times, and the amount of spores were almost constant after each repeat of sporulation induction and dispersal of spores in a given period. The fact that the pycnidia filled with spores were observed at considerable rates within the warts which were subjected to the shaking in the water to release spores indicated that the spores might never be released until the pycnidia were fully matured. From the high rate of empty pycnidia even in the warts which were kept in moist conditions for induction of sporulation, the pycnidiospores might be produced through the development of new pycnidia. A considerable amount of pycnidiospores were produced at $5^{\circ}$, and the sporulation was accelerated with the rise of temperature until $35^{\circ}$. When the warts were supplied with sufficient moisture, sporulation was further accelerated. The results obtained in these experiment will be applied in developing the method for assessing the inhibitory efficacies of fungicides on the sporulation of this fungus, with which a new control measure would be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.420-428
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• 2011

The distribution of arabino-4-O-methylglucuronoxylans (AGXs) and O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) in warts and the warty layer of tracheids in normal wood (NW) and compression wood (CW) of Cryptomeria japonica was investigated. Under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) observation, warts and the warty layer of delignified NW and CW tracheids were degraded by xylanase treatment, indicating that warts and the warty layer contain high amounts of AGXs. However, the effect of xylanase was not observed in NW and CW tracheids before delignification, suggesting that AGXs in warts and the warty layer may be encrusted with lignin. After ${\beta}$-mannanase treatment, no noticeable changes were observed in warts and the warty layer of NW tracheids, indicating that warts and the warty layer contain either no or very few GGMs. Similar results to FE-SEM observations were also observed with immunogold labeling. AGX labeling was observed in warts and the warty layer of NW and CW tracheids, while GGM labeling was not detected. NW tracheids showed a much stronger density of AGX labeling than did CW tracheids in warts and the warty layer, indicating differences in the chemical compositions of warts and the warty layer between NW and CW tracheids.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5675-5679
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• 2015

Background: Low-risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV) infection is the main cause of genital warts. LRHPV genotypes 6 and 11 are associated with genital warts, but there have only been a few published studies about the genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in genital warts in China. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of HPV genotypes for clinical cases involving both men and women and to evaluate the potential benefit of a quadrivalent (genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18) HPV vaccine in eastern Guangdong province of China. Materials and Methods: A total of 696 eligible patients with genital warts were enrolled during the period Aug 2009 through Oct 2014. Specimens were collected from genital warts, the HPV GenoArray test was used for HPV detection and genotyping, which could detect 21 HPV genotypes, including genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18. Results: Among the 696 cases, 675 samples were successfully genotyped. The median age of patients was 32.1 years (range, 16-67 years). The most prevalent genotypes were HPV-6 (285/675, 42.2%), HPV-11 (265/675, 39.3%), HPV-52 (52/675, 7.7%), HPV-16 (51/675, 7.56%), HPV-81 (50/675, 7.40%) and HPV-58 (37/675, 5.48%). Low-risk genotypes predominated, with a prevalence of 96.59%. The cumulative prevalence of genotypes 6 and 11 was 78.7% (531/675), the cumulative prevalence of genotypes 16 and 18 was 11.6% (78/675), and the cumulative prevalence of genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 was 82.5% (557/675). Conclusions: Our results provide strong evidence that, in eastern Guangdong, different from Western countries, the most prevalent low risk HPV genotypes in patients with genital warts are 6, 11 and 81. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine could prevent 82.5% of genital warts in eastern Guangdong.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medical treatment for viral warts. Methods : All patients were treated by Bojungikki-tang gami. One of them was treated with only herbal medicine. The others were treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, sweet bee venom acupuncture and moxibustion. To evaluate the results of these treatments, we observed condition of the patients and took the photos of lesions. Results : After Korean medical treatment, the viral warts of all patients remarkably disappeared and there have been no recurrence at all. Conclusions : We suggest that viral warts can be treated by Korean medical treatment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.704-710
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• 2016

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of Uiin-san (薏苡仁散) as a treatment for viral warts. Methods: A 24-year-old man with warts on the left toe, both fingertips, and face was treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, and Uiin-san for 35 days. Results: After treatment, the viral warts had essentially disappeared. Conclusions: We suggest that viral warts can be treated with Uiin-san.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.224-234
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of the Korean medical treatment for periungual warts. Methods : From December 2016 to March 2019, all patients were treated by herbal medicine, acupuncture, sweet bee venom acupuncture and moxibustion. Photographs of lesions were used to evaluate the changes in symptoms. Results : After Korean medical treatment, the periungual warts of all patients were disappeared remarkably and there were no adverse effects such as nail dystropy, nail loss and no recurrence at all. Conclusions : This study shows that Korean Medicine such as herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion was effective to treat periungual warts.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.188-192
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• 1998

Brief hypnotherapy with daily self-hypnosis was used to a 20-year-old male patient who had severe warts on the fingers of both hands for 6 years. He had had several dermatological treatments, including attempts to remove the warts with topical chemotherapy, but the warts had always recurred. During the hypnotic session, it was suggested that the warts would begin to feel cool and disappear with imaginary laser. He responded well to ideosensory suggestions and was free of the warts within 5 sessions. Inquiry after 7 months revealed that no recurrence had taken place. Finally, it is stimulating to think that harmony between mind and body involving cell-mediated immunity can intervene in conditioning the course of the skin diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to know the efficacy of Korean medical treatment for recalcitrant hand and foot warts with an experience of cryotherapy. Methods : Twenty-two patients(male 12, female 10) with recalcitrant warts visited Amar Korean Medicine Clinic and were treated with herbal medicine, herbal acupuncture, acupuncture, moxibustion and bloodletting for at least 3 months. After treatment, a clearance rate was divided into 4 scales such as; complete clearance / partial clearance-good / partial clearance-poor / no change. Results : Mean age of patients was 23.4 years and mean period of disease was 43.6 months. Mean duration of treatment was 3.0 months and mean dosage(貼) of herbal medicine was 89.1. Nineteen patients(86.4%) showed complete clearance, one(4.5%) partial clearance-good, and two(9.1%) partial clearance-poor. Conclusion : This data demonstrates that Korean medical treatment could be an effective treatment for recalcitrant warts.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 1994

Warts and barks of apple trees were vector of White rot. Two devices removing warts and barks for the use of pest control on apple trees were developed and evaluated in this study, and their results are as follows ; 1. A total of 148 warts were examined to determine the average size. About 35 percent of the examined warts were 6~8mm long, 4~8mm wide and 4~6mm thick in size. About 30 percent of the examined warts were 4~6mm long, 2~4mm wide and 6~8mm thick in size. 2. Seventy-one percent of the examined barks removed were 4~8mm in thickness. 3. A blade with 30 degree of cutting angle required 3 to 22 percent less cutting energy than those with 15 and 45 degrees of cutting angles. 4. The cutting torque decreased from 31 N-cm to 12 N-cm with an increase of cutting speed from 26cm/s to 104cm/s for a feeding speed of 0.31 mm/s with the blade angle of 30 degrees. 5. The cutting torque increased from 6N-cm to 32N-cm with an increase of branch diameter from 6mm to 14mm for a feeding speed of 0.31 mm/s with the blade angle of 30 degrees. 6. Two devices mounted on a mower for removing warts and barks were evaluated and proved effective.