• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.174-185
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• 2002

We investigated the effects of yohimbine and atipamezole in dogs anesthetized with xylazine-ketamine combination on electroencephalography (EEG) . Experiment groups were divided into three according to antagonists . Saline (1 ml) was used as an antagonist in group C, yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg) in group Y and atipamezole (50 ug/kg) in group A. Each group consisted of 5 dogs. Glycopyrrolate was injected 15 minutes prior to xylazine injection. Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, IM) and ketamime (10 mg/kg, IV) were injected with the interval of 10 minutes. After 15 minutes, antagonists were administered intravenously. For EEG measurements, a recording electrode was positioned at Cz, which was applied to International 10-20 system. Heart rates, body temperature, respiratory rates, arterial blood pressure, $PaO_2$$PaCO_2$$PaCO_2$ at S4 in group Y was significantly decreased(p<0.05). Changes of electrolytes were not significant, except value of $Cl^-$ at S3 in group A. Mean head-up time (the time dogs showing head-up movement after antagonist injection, minutes) was $38.23^{\circ}$ae6.46 in group C, 2.54 $\pm$ 0.93 in group Y and 2.12$\pm$ 1.32 in group A. Mean sternal recumbent time (the time dogs showing sternal recumbency after antagonist injection, minutes) was 45.93$\pm$ 10.27 in group C, 11.91 $\pm$ 7.19 in group Y and 9.88$\pm$ 3.38 in group A. Mean walking time (minutes) was 53.49$\pm$ 9.21 in group C, 22.10$\pm$ 11.10 in group Y and 18.48$\pm$ 4.39 in group A. In group Y all dogs showed excitation and muscle rigidity in emergence. In group A, two dogs were also showed excitation and muscle rigidity, but were weaker than those of group Y.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to test the effect of a 5 weeks health education program on stroke for rural elderly people. Methods: A total of 55 rural elders in Kok Sung County were participated in the health education on stroke program. Descriptive statistics, and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis with SPSS 12.0. Results: The results are summarized as follows : Mean age was 67.3 years and 88.2% of participants were female. The mean pre-test scores for knowledge of stroke were 0.35 and post-test, 0.85 (p< .001). Percentage of accurate response rates of warning signs of stroke were sudden dizziness pre-test 45.5% post-test 80.0%, sudden trouble speaking or understanding, pre-test 27.3% post-test 41.8%, sudden trouble walking, loss of balance or coordination, pre-test 32.7% post-test 70.9%, sudden numbness or weakness of the arm or leg, especially on one side of the body, pre-test 47.3% post-test 72.7%, sudden confusion, pre-test 27.3% post-test 81.8%, sudden numbness or weakness of the face especially on one side of the body, pre-test 40.0% post-test 76.4%, sudden severe headache with no known cause, pre-test 40.0% post-test 70.9%, Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes, pre-test 38.1% post-test 66.0%, nausea or vomiting pre-test 16.4% post-test 43.6%. The increases after the health education on stroke were statistically significant. Conclusions: Health education on stroke for rural elderly people are needed and should focus on community health care programs, especially for those who are older, had a low level of education, and low socio-economical status.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this research is to determine whether there is a significant correlation between the angle of the hallux valgus and dorsi-flexion of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MPJ) as a physical factor that has a significant influence on healthy human walking. Methods: The subjects of this research were 65 female adults (130 feet) and the methods used included recording of real measurements and conducting a questionnaire. The acquired data is analyzed by the 'Simple Pearson Correlation Analysis' and 'Repeated Measures Analysis' methods. Results: The research result shows that the left area of -0.74706 and the right area of -0.76 have a relatively high negative correlation (p<0.00). Also, after conducting the 'Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance' of the angles of the hallux valgus and dorsi-flexion of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MPJ), the result also shows that the left and right areas of -0.75 have a relatively high negative correlation. Conclusion: The present study was performed for the identification of a significant correlation between the angle of the hallux valgus and dorsi-flexion of the 1st MPJ. From the results of this study, we confirmed that there is a clear tendency for the average distribution rates of Hallux Valgus and Hallux Rigidus (Hallux Limitus) of women to show a higher increase in proportion to age.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.647-658
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Korean traditional dance movement training on balance, gait and leg strength in elderly women who are forced to remain at home. Fifteen elderly women of an experimental group between the ages 65 and 75 years who have normal vision and passed the hearing and Romberg test, participated in the 12 weeks' dance movement training. Fourteen subjects of a control group were selected. Korean traditional dance movement training was developed on the basis of Korean traditional dance and music by the authors. It took approximately 50 minutes to perform the dance movement program. The subjects of the experimental group practiced dance training for 3 times a week during 12 weeks. During the 50 minutes workout, the subjects practiced 15 minutes of a warm-up dance, 25 minutes of a conditioning dance, and 10 minutes of a cool-down dance. The intensity for the conditioning phase was between 60% and 65% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. The balance, gait and leg strength were measured prior to and after the experimental treatment. Total balance scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Scores of sternal nudge, one leg standing balance and reaching up among 13 items have significantly increased after the dance movement training. Total scores of gait of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the korean traditional dance movement training. Scores of experimental group in step height, path deviation and turning while walking among 9 items have increased significantly following 12 weeks of dance movement training. The leg strength of experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group following the Korean traditional dance movement training. The balance, gait and leg strength have significantly correlated in the experimental group following the Korean traditional dance movement training. The results suggest that Korean traditional dance movement training can improve balance, gait and leg strength in home bound elderly women.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.971-984
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relations among the residents' characteristics, the policy of the facility, and the physical characteristics of activity areas, and to understand the elements for the lively use of activity areas in the elderly nursing facilities. The results of the study are as follows: First, there was a relationship between the characteristics of semi-public activity areas and the residents' management-control policy. The facilities having semi-public areas of living room type showed more flexibility in time and place and more respects for the residents. Second, the activity areas of connection type were much more used than the compartment type, especially in the facilities having more residents incapable of walking. On the other hand, the facilities having high control for the residents showed high using rate in public activity areas, and all those did not have semi-public areas or showed low using rate in there. Third, in the analysis of the relationship between the physical characteristics and the using rate of activity areas, the public activity areas having compartment type in the spatial composition and hall as a form were likely to have multiple usages. On the whole, the various form of activity areas, the area per residents, openness, accessibility and centrality were having interactions each other for high using rate in activity areas. Especially, many stimulations and the furniture arrangements that were good for the residents' interactions had a function of compensation for the poor physical characteristics of activity areas. This study investigated only the using rates to understand the lively use of the space. For the future study, it is suggested that the detail using behavior of the residents should be examined to understand the influential elements.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2015

수도권 도시철도 일부 구간에서는 이용객의 집중화에 따라 극심한 혼잡이 발생하고 있다. 도시철도 운영회사들은 정기 및 분기별 혼잡조사를 실시하여, 혼잡개선 대책을 수립하고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 조사는 열차혼잡도에 국한되어 있으며, 이벤트 발생에 따른 비반복 혼잡에 대한 조사가 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 교통카드자료를 활용한 시간대별 승강장 혼잡도를 추정하는 알고리즘을 개발하도록 한다. 알고리즘 검증을 위하여 2호선 잠실~신도림 구간의 비환승역을 대상으로 혼잡도 추정치와 실측치 값을 비교하였으며, 오차의 범위는 ${pm}2%$ 이내였다. 연구결과는 승강장 혼잡도를 시간대별로 상시 모니터링할 수 있으며, 장기적인 승강장 혼잡도분석을 통한 승강장 대기공간의 적정성 여부도 판단할 수 있을 것이다. 추후 연구에서는 본 연구에서 반영하지 못한 역별 게이트에서 승강장까지의 혼잡상황을 고려한 동적보행시간이 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.372-383
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• 1998

For the purpose to analysis the characteristics of traffic accidents(TA) and investigate the relationship between traffic accidents and children attention problem rating scale(CAP) and, family environment scale(FES), this questionnaire survey was conducted to the 16 primary school students in Taejon from July 14 to August 26, 1997. The number of study subjects who had an experience of traffic accidents from July 1, 1996 to June 30, 1997 were 195, and the number of control sujects were 512. The main results were as follows; 1. The traffic accident rates was 0.9% as a whole, but those were 1.4% in boys, 0.7% in girls, 1.3% in low (1st-3rd) grade, and 0.8% in high (4th-6th) grade. 2. The rates of traffic accidents were high in spring, friday, afternoon and a drive-way around home. TA occurred during walking with friends most frequently. 3. In CAP the score of inattention was lower in TA group than control group, and hyperactivity was higher in TA group but they didn't showed significantly different. In FES, cohesion score was higher in TA group than control group, but Conflict score and Expressiveness score were in control group, but they didn't showed significantly different. 4. In CAP the odds ratio of inattention score for TA group was 0.84, but that of hyperactivity score was 1.15. In FES, the odds ratio of cohesion score was 1.06, but that of expression score and conflict score was 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. In conclusion, the relationships between TA and CAP, TA and FES in this study were not clear to explain personal characteristics and environmental conditions.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.240-250
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• 2018

By the end of 2017, in a world of 7.6 billion people, there were inequalities in healthcare indices both within and between nations, and this gap continues to increase. Therefore, this study aims to understand the current status of regional inequalities in healthcare indices and to find an action plan to tackle regional health inequality through a geo-economic review in Korea. Since 2008, there was great inequality in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by region in not only metropolitan cities but also districts in Korea. While the community health statistics from 2008-2017 show a continuous increase of inequality during the last 10 years in most healthcare indices related to noncommunicable diseases (except for some, like smoking), the inequality has doubled in 254 districts. Furthermore, health inequality intensified as the gap between urban (metropolitan cities) and rural regions (counties) for rates of obesity (self-reported), sufficient walking practices, and healthy lifestyle practices increased from twofold to fivefold. However, regionalism and uneven development are natural consequences of the spatial perspective caused by state-lead developmentalism as Korea has fixed the accumulation strategy as its model for growth with the background of export-led industrialization in the 1960s and heavy and chemical industrialization in the 1970s, although the Constitution of the Republic of Korea recognizes the legal value of balanced development within the regions by specifying "the balanced development of the state" or "ensuring the balanced development of all regions." In addition, the danger of a 30% decline or extinction of local government nationwide is expected by 2040 as we face not only a decline in general and ageing populations but also the era of the demographic cliff. Thus, the government should continuously operate the "Special Committee on Regional Balanced Development" with a government-wide effort until 2030 to prevent disparities in the health conditions of local residents, which is the responsibility of the nation in terms of strengthening governance. To address the regional inequalities of rural and urban regions, it is necessary to re-adjust the basic subsidy and cost-sharing rates with local governments of current national subsidies based mainly on population scale, financial independence of local government, or distribution of healthcare resources and healthcare indices (showing high inequalities) overall.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2013

이 연구는 하동 송림 내 토양과 입지특성을 분석하고, 이용자들에 대하여 설문 조사를 실시함으로써 향후 송림의 토양복원 및 합리적 관리방안을 제시하고자 수행하였다. 하동 송림에서 평균토양용적밀도는 휴식년제지역($1.39g/cm^3$)이 비휴식년제지역($1.31g/cm^3$)보다 약간 높게 나타났다. 하동 송림의 휴식년제 지역에서 산책길의 토양용적밀도($1.74g/cm^3$)는 임내($1.39g/cm^3$)보다 약 1.3배 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 토양의 공극률은 산책길(34.6%)이 임내(47.7%) 보다 1.4배 낮았다. 비휴식년제지역에서 산책길의 토양용적밀도($1.53g/cm^3$)는 임내($1.31g/cm^3$)보다 약 1.2배 높았으며, 토양의 공극률은 송림의 산책길(42.6%)이 임내(50.5%) 보다 1.2배 낮은 값으로 나타났다. 또한 하동 송림(산책길)에서 토양의 공극률은 휴식년제지역(34.6%)이 비휴식년제지역(42.6%)보다 낮게 나타났다. 송림 지표토양의 토양경도는 휴식년제지역, 비휴식년제지역은 각각 10.5, $8.5kgf/cm^2$로 토양용적밀도의 결과와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 송림의 토양 화학성(토성, 토양pH, 유기물함량, 전질소, 양이온치환용량, 치환성양이온)은 식물이 성장하는데 영향을 미치는 적정함량에 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 송림을 탐방하는 이용자들은 휴양 및 경관조망이 주를 이루고 있고, 송림의 소나무 숲 생태계를 유지 보전하기 위한 관리를 위해서 휴식년제의 실시와 아울러 음주가무, 흡연, 오물투기 등 송림에서 행해지는 이러한 사항에 대한 단속 및 금지에 대한 교육이 필요한 것으로 응답하였다. 설문 응답자들은 현재 송림의 소나무 숲 생태계는 비교적 양호하다고 판단하지만 소나무 숲 생태계를 보전하기 위한 보다 적극적인 관리와 아울러 소나무숲 하층식생으로 자생종 화본과식물의 도입을 요구하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.68-80
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• 2019

본 연구는 중학교 명상숲의 물리적 환경특성과 이용자들의 이용행태 및 중요도-만족도 등을 분석하여 향후 중학교 명상숲 조성에서 이용자 중심의 설계를 수행하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 것에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 명상숲 대상지의 부지특성, 자연성 기능성, 효과성을 바탕으로 중요도-만족도 분석을 위한 평가지표 24항목을 선정하였다. 광주광역시의 중정형 A, B 중학교 두 곳에서 대상지 현황조사분석과 학생, 교사를 대상으로 설문조사 및 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째 명상숲에 대한 인식과 이용정도는, 두 학교 모두에서 학생의 명상숲 인식정도와 이용률이 교사에 비해 매우 낮게 나타났다. 학교 간 집단비교 결과는 A학교가 B학교에 비해 이용 및 인식정도가 매우 양호하였다. 둘째, 명상숲 이용행태는 휴식(49.6%), 주중 점심시간(63.6%), 친구(65.0%) 또는 동료(60%)와 함께 10분 이하(68.6%)로 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 꽃이 피는 식물(30.0%)과 녹음수(28.9%)를 좋아하며, 주로 쉼터(57.9%)와 산책로(37.1%)를 이용하였다. 셋째, 중요도, 만족도 분석결과, 전체 24개 항목에 대한 평균은 중요도(3.81)가 만족도(3.62)보다 높았다. I사분면(지속적 유지)의 항목들은 9개, II사분면(우선적 시정)의 항목들은 3개, III사분면(관리운영 시 저우선순위)의 항목들은 7개, IV사분면(과잉노력의 지양)의 항목들은 5개이다. 두 학교 간 만족도에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보인 16개 항목에 대해서 A학교 만족도가 B학교보다 모두 높게 나타났다. 이는 A학교 명상숲에 규모가 더 큰 숲과 산책로가 확보되어 있고, 접근성이 더 용이하며, 다양한 식재유형 및 식재면적이 제공되고 있어 B학교에 비해 만족도가 더 높은 것으로 판단된다. 넷째, 전반적 만족도 분석결과에서 A학교(68.0%)와 B학교(47.2%) 간 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 이는 A학교의 주요 만족공간인 산책로와 쉼터가 B학교보다 더 잘 조성되어 있어 만족도의 차이가 큰 것으로 판단된다. 전체를 대상으로 한 가장 만족하는 공간의 순위로 산책로(1위), 쉼터(2위)가 선정되었고, 만족하는 이유는 A와 B학교 모두 휴식(스트레스 해소 및 정서함양)이 가장 높게 나타났다.