• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.987-997
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• 2019

미국에서는 도시환경의 보행친화도를 정량적으로 측정하는 지수인 워크스코어를 개발하여 지원하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 서울시를 대상으로 워크스코어 데이터를 구축하고, 워크스코어의 원활한 사용을 위해 컴퓨터 기반의 워크스코어 시스템을 개발하는데 있다. 본 연구의 공간적 대상은 서울시이며, 분석의 공간단위는 100m × 100m 그리드 단위이다. 본 연구에서는 미국에서 개발한 기존의 워크스코어 계산법을 활용하였으며, 지리정보시스템(GIS)를 활용하여 총 58,062개 지점의 워크스코어 값을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 위도, 경도, 워크스코어 값으로 구성된 데이터를 활용할 수 있는 자바 기반의 시스템을 구현하였다. 워크스코어 시스템은 위경도 기반 및 주소기반 검색기능을 동시에 제공하였다. 이와 함께 검색한 위치가 시스템 내의 데이터와 일치하지 않을 때에는 가장 근접한 지점의 워크스코어 값을 제공하도록 설계하였다. 본 연구는 도시계획학에서 개발한 워크스코어라는 콘텐츠를 일반 국민 누구나 실생활에서 활용할 수 있는 시스템으로 구현한다는 차원에서 의의가 있다.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 스마트 단말에서 워크스코어 어플리케이션의 사용 편의성 향상을 위한 GUI 개발을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 개발된 서울시를 대상으로 한 워크스코어 데이터를 활용하였다. 어플리케이션 GUI는 크게 다섯 개의 영역으로 구성된다. 각 영역은 주소입력창 및 검색버튼, 상세정보(주소, 위도, 경도, 워크스코어) 출력, 화면전환 및 워크스코어 출력 개수 입력창, 데이터 입력창, 메뉴버튼 영역으로 구성된다. 한편, 어플리케이션 GUI 검증을 위해 강남역과 명동역 인근의 총 12개의 데이터(주소, 위도, 경도, 워크스코어)와 여러 검증 시나리오들을 활용하였다. 먼저, 총 12개 지점의 데이터를 기반으로 주소검색과 키워드 검색의 정확성을 확인하였다. 새로운 위치의 워크스코어를 입력 하고 해당 위치를 검색함으로써, 입력 및 검색이 정상적인지를 확인하였다. 마지막으로 총 13개의 데이터를 파일로 출력한 후 파일 내 데이터의 누락 여부를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 워크스코어 어플리케이션은 이 모든 시나리오에서 정상적으로 작동되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 워크스코어 어플리케이션은 일반 시민 누구나 일상생활에서 요긴하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.384-397
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Treadmill Training on WISCI level, walking velocity, walking endurance, motor score and gait cycle of spinal cord injury patient with incomplete. Four subjects with spinal cord injury participated in this study. They took walking excercise 5 times per week for 8 weeks. One time excercise spent 30minutes. The theraputic effect was evaluated by WISCI level, walk 10 meters test, walk for 12 minutes test, motor score and gait cycle. Four subjects were examined before, after 8 week, walking training. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS PC for Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of this study are as follows; 1) In WISCI level, walking velocity, walking endurance and motor score, post - treatment score were higher compared to pre-treatment score with statistical significance(p<0.05). 2) In Rt SLS, DLSII and Lt SLS, post-treatment percentage were higher compared to pre-treatment percentage with statistical significance(p<0.05). but DLSI were not statistical significance(p>0.05). The findings suggest that spinal cord injury patients with incomplete can improve their WISCI level, walking velocity, walking endurance, motor score and gait cycle through Treadmill gait training.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to establish intra-rater, inter-rater, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity of figure-of-8 walk test in people with stroke. Methods : The subjects of this study were 17 patients who were diagnosed with a stroke. Subjects were tested twice by the same raters, with 1 day between tests. Subjects were assessed by two physical therapists. Test-retest reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The concurrent validity was demonstrated by spearman correlation of F8WT with 10m walking test (10MWT), timed up and go test (TUG), Berg balance scale (BBS), dynamic gait index (DGI) and four square step test (FSST). Results : Intra-rater, inter-rater, test- retest of F8WT time, showed high reliability. Intra-rater, inter-rater, test-retest of F8WT steps demonstrated high reliability. Intra-rater, inter-rater, test-retest of F8WT total smoothness score showed below moderate reliability. There was a significant positive correlation of F8WT time with 10MWT, TUG, FSST. There was a significant negative correlation of F8WT time with DGI, BBS. There was a significant positive correlation of F8WT steps with 10MWT, TUG, FSST. There was a significant negative correlation of F8WT steps with DGI. There was a significant positive correlation of F8WT test total smoothness score with BBS. Conclusion : The time, and number of steps in F8WT show high inter, intra-rater, test-retest reliability. The F8WT smoothness shows below moderate reliability. The F8WT shows high concurrent validity with other comparable balance, and walking tests. The F8WT is a valid and reliable measure for assessing walking function in patients with a stroke.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2019

Background: Stroke is one of the most common diseases responsible for physical disabilities. In addition to their physical and occupational therapy, the self-exercise programs were developed for patients with hemiplegia to increase the intensity of their therapeutic exercise. Objects: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a customized self-exercise program (CSP) to walking function on improving stroke survivors' muscle strength and ambulation function. Method: To test the effect of the self-exercise program, the following tests were conducted: The functional ambulation category (FAC), Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment gait part (POMA-G), timed up and go (TUG), 10-meter walk, and 2-minute walk. The study included 161 consenting stroke patients (FAC score>1) from a randomized, screened sample of 217. The CSP group participated in a 30-minute CSP each day for 10 weeks in addition to completing a routine rehabilitation program. The control group received only a routine rehabilitation program. All the subjects were monitored by a therapist once a week and had to submit an exercise checklist at the end of each session. Result: The strength of the participants' upper and lower extremity muscles showed no significant differences between the CSP group and the control group. The FAC score and POMA-G also showed no significant differences. However, there were significant differences in the TUG, 10-meter walk test, and 2-minute walk test (p<.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a CSP may improve gait-related function in stroke survivors.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2007

This study was designed to examine, applying Rasch analysis based on item response theory, the questionnaires of the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale for the elderly. The subjects were 99 institutional older adults and clients of social welfare facilities. The subjects (17 men, 72 women) ranged in age from 65 to 94 years (mean age 76.5 yrs). The Winsteps software was used to assess whether the ABC scale fits the Rasch model, to estimate the score and to refine the rating scale. The results are as follows. Twenty-two subjects were excluded as misfit persons. Four items were found to be misfits and the order of difficulty of the remaining 12 items was rearranged. Their balance confidence is indicated by -.64~1.12 logit, and the transformation formula is score=[(logit score+2.76)/(2.76+3.48)]${\times}$100. The most difficult item was "Walk outside in icy sidewalks" and the easiest item was "Walk around house." In conclusion, the ABC scale for the elderly has been proven reliable and valid. Therefore, it is expected to be used as an effective examination tool for treatment planning and screening for older adults.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

Purpose: This study seeks to determine the effect of a lower extremity strengthening exercise that uses proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the gait and balance ability of a stroke patient. Methods: In this case study, a lower extremity strengthening exercise that used PNF was performed by the subject for 30 minutes 4 times per week for a 4-week period alongside typical rehabilitation therapy. The lower extremity pattern used flexion-abduction-internal rotation with knee flexion, extension-abduction-internal rotation, bilateral leg extension pattern. The 10 m walk test and 6 minute walk test were used to assess gait ability. The Berg balance scale was used to assess balance ability. Results: After the intervention, the time for the 10 m walk test decreased by 5.72 sec, the distance for the 6 minute walk test decreased by 20 meters, and the score on the Berg balance scale improved by 7 points, which indicates the effectiveness of this therapy for stroke patients. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that a lower extremity strengthening exercise using PNF can improve the gait ability and balance ability of stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of physical performance on bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly women. Methods: Twenty-one elderly women participated in this study. After testing functional ambulation category (FAC), they were classified into two groups: dependent walking group, those who could not walk independently (FAC 0~2, n=11) and independent walking group those who could walk independently (FAC 3~5, n=10). Outcome measures were: general characteristics, physical performance and BMD. General characteristics included age, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio. Physical performance included the chair rise test (CRT) and the modified fall efficacy scale (MFES). BMD was represented in the osteoporosis index (OI), T-score and Z-score. BMD was evaluated in calcaneal bone, using OsteoPro. The data was analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software and the Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation. Results: Age, BMI and waist hip ratio, which all affect BMD, showed no significant differences between groups (p>0.05). But the FAC 3~5 group showed a significantly higher score for CRT, MFES and T-score, compared with the FAC 0~2 group (p<0.05). The T-score was correlated with CRT and MFES scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between physical performance and BMD. Therefore, improved physical performance can have a beneficial effect by reducing osteoporosis in elderly women, considering a positive relationship between physical performance and BMD.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.287-301
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• 2021

Purpose: Gait training for stroke patients focuses on adjusting to new environments to facilitate outdoor walking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the effects of various ground obstacle walking combined with treadmill walking on the gait parameters and functional gait ability of chronic stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-four chronic stroke patients were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 12). The experimental group received a combined gait training using various ground obstacle walking and treadmill walking (VGOW) five times/week for four weeks. The control group received traditional treadmill training (TW) five times/week for four weeks. Patients were evaluated using the figure-8 walk test (F8WT) and the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) before and after each intervention. Results: The ANCOVA results showed that both treatments significantly influenced F8WT steps, F8WT time, and FGA score. The paired t-test results showed a significant improvement in F8WT steps, F8WT time, and FGA score in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: Combined gait training using various ground obstacle walking and treadmill walking can improve gait ability in chronic stroke patients.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2011

This study aimed to evaluate factors related to the ability of ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy (CP) to walk over vertical and horizontal obstacles. Twenty patients with spastic CP who were able to walk independently for at least 10 m with or without walking devices were recruited for the study. Participants were required to walk over small obstacles (1, 4, and 8 cm in height or width; total of 6 conditions). A 'fail' was recorded when either the lower limbs or the walking device contacted the obstacle. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the effects of age, sex, walking devices, eyeglasses, subtype (hemiplegia or diplegia), ankle foot orthoses, functional level, and score of body mass index on the ability of obstacle crossing. Fifteen participants (75%) failed to adequately clear the foot or walking device over obstacles in at least 1 condition. The chance of failure in crossing vertical obstacle was affected by the use of ankle foot orthoses, eyeglasses, gender, and CP subtype (p<.05). The failure rate crossing horizontal obstacle was affected by CP subtype. These findings suggest that rehabilitation procedures should (1) consider the clinical characteristics of patients in order to prepare them to be more independent while performing daily activities, and (2) incorporate environmental conditions that patients encounter at home and in the community.