• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.201-209
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible causal factors of obesity in women with child-bearing experiences in effects to provide optimal information for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity. Sventy one women with child-bearing experiences were divided into five groups based on the degree of obesity by BROCA method ; normal weight, overweight, and obesity which was further divided into three groups of light, moderate, and sever obesity. Various anthropomnetric measurements, overall eating habits, and dietery intakes were asessed for each groups. Out of eighteen anthropometric factors asociated with obesity, thirteen measurements were represented to be valid for the diagnosis of obesity. Body fat % which was analyzed by Bioelectrical Impedance fatnee Analyzer were 24.765, 28.05%, and 29.85 for normal, overweight, and obesity group respectively. WHR(waister to hip ratio) or BMI(body mass index) widely used index was also resulted to be valid as a predictor of obesity. Waist circumference which represents abdominal fat mass showed a good correlatin with body fat%. The analysis of dietary intakes suggested that the overintakes of total calorie may not be the only causal factor of obesity, rather the amount of daily protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes or the physical activity level would be more closely related with the prevalence of obesity. Further investigation considering more variety of food composition of diet and the activity level involving larger number of subjects would be needed.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.275-287
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to observe clinical effects, carboxytherapy and electroacupuncture, we analyzed relation effect and patients' character, and researched correlation among reduction of BFM(Body Fat Mass), WHR(Waist-Hip Ratio) and AC(Arm Circumference). Methods : Among outpatients who had admitted to department of oriental rehabilitation medicine, Dae-Jeon oriental medicine hospital, Dae-Jeon university from January to September, 2008 for obesity treatment and abdominal fat, 44 subjects were chosen and carboxytherapy and electroacupuncture were practiced concurrently. Results : 1. The group under the concurrent practice of carboxytherapy and electroacupuncture showed significant decrease in BFM, BFR(Body Fat Rate), WHR and AC. 2. The group under the concurrent practice of carboxytherapy and electroacupuncture did not show statistical significance but showed decrease in BFM, WHR. The degree of decrease was proportional to that of obesity. 3. As AC decreased, BFM, WHR reduction tended to increase as well in the group under the concurrent practice of carboxytherapy and electroacupuncture. 4. Compared to the group under the sole practice of electroacupuncture, the group under the concurrent practice of carboxytherapy and electroacupuncture showed less change in BFM reduction and greater change in WHR reduction. Conclusions : From the above results, the concurrent practice of carboxytherapy and electroacupuncture had an effect on obesity and reducing abdominal fat, but did not show statistically significant decrease compare to the sole practice of electroacupuncture.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1999

This study was to investigate the risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus on healthy offsprings of Korea non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients. Forty four offsprings who have at least 1 parent with NIDDM and age, sex and body mass index(BMI) matched forty four healthy control subjects were collected for this study. BMI, skinfold thickness, waist/hip circumference ratio(WHR), fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, serum lipid profile, nutrient intakes and food behaviors were measured. There were no significant difference in BMI, WHR, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and daily nutrients intake between offsprings and controls. But skinfold thickness, LDL-cholesterol level and sweety food eating frequency were significantly higher in male offsprings than in male controls. And HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in male offsprings than in male controls. Although there were no significant difference, offsprings had a overeating habit and ate more confectionery and greasy food than controls.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.456-467
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of morbid obesity in Korean women has consistently been increasing, while the overall prevalence rate of obesity in Korean women seems to be stable. In addition to bariatric surgery, intragastric balloons (IGBs), as a nonsurgical therapy, have been reported to be effective in weight loss. However, the beneficial effects of IGB in Korean women with obesity have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in fat mass in Korean women with obesity who had undergone IGB treatment for 6 mon. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Seventy-four women with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25.0 kg/m²) were recruited. Clinical data, including general information, comorbidities with obesity, anthropometric data, and changes in the body fat composition before and after IGB treatment, were obtained from the subjects. RESULTS: Most subjects had one or more comorbidities, such as osteoarthropathy and woman's disease, and had poor eating behaviors, including irregular mealtimes, eating quickly, and frequent overeating. Body composition measurements showed that weight, fat mass, and waist-hip circumference ratio decreased significantly at 6 mon after IGB treatment. In particular, women with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) showed 33% excess weight loss. There was no significant difference in skeletal muscle mass and mineral contents after IGB treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that 6 mon of IGB treatment can be a beneficial treatment for obesity without muscle mass and bone mineral loss.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1744-1753
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• 2007

비만 여중생을 대상으로 하여 12주간 행동수정 프로그램을 포함한 걷기운동을 실시한 결과 비만 여중생의 체조성, 체력, 대사증후군의 유병률 및 대사증후군 위험인자에서 긍정적인 변화를 가져오는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 다중선형회 귀분석 결과 체조성의 상완위팔근육둘레, 허리둘레, 신체발달지수, 체수분, 체지방량의 개선과 체력의 50m달리기 향상이 BMI, WHR, HDL-C, 공복혈당, 수축기혈압, HOMA지수를 개선시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타나 유산소성 걷기운동과 행동수정 프로그램에 의한 식사량조절과 식습관 변화가 비만청소년에 있어서 대사증후군에 의한 심혈관질환과 당뇨병, 심리적 우울증에 효과적인 프로그램이 될 수 있다고 생각된다. 그러나 피험자 수가 적고, 실험기간이 짧아 실험결과를 일반화하기에는 주의가 필요하며, 실험이후에 학생들의 지속적 운동 습관을 유지하기 위한 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2007

본 연구는 의정부 소재 초등학교에 재학중인 4${\sim}$6학년 비만 남학생 16명을 대상으로 운동과 영양교육을 중심으로 12주간 비만관리 프로그램을 실시한 후 대상자들의 비만도 및 신체둘레, 혈액 지질의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 프로그램 실시 전과 후 체중은 55.4${\pm}$10.9 kg에서 54.4${\pm}$9.7 kg으로 다소 감소된 경향을 보였다. 체지방량은 22.12${\pm}$6.53 kg에서 21.68${\pm}$6.05 kg으로, 체지방율도 38.3${\pm}$4.7%에서 37.9${\pm}$5.2%로 감소 경향을 보인 반면, 제지방량(LBM)은 34.56${\pm}$4.75 kg에서 34.70${\pm}$4.54 kg으로 거의 변화를 보이지 않았다. 2. 참가아동의 비만도(Obesity degree, %)와 체질량지수(BMI)는 프로그램 실시 전 각각 121.3${\pm}$8.10%, 25.9${\pm}$3.3에서 프로그램 실시 후 120.0${\pm}$8.2%, 25.6${\pm}$2.7로 감소하였다. 복부 비만도(WHR)도 0.95${\pm}$0.05에서 0.95${\pm}$0.05로 프로그램 실시 전과 후 변화가 없었다. 3. 프로그램 실시 전과 후 대상아동의 가슴둘레는 90.7${\pm}$7.2 cm에서 88.2${\pm}$7.1 cm로, 허리둘레는 87.8${\pm}$8.7 cm에서 86.7${\pm}$7.8 cm로, 엉덩이둘레는 95.3${\pm}$7.5 cm에서 94.8${\pm}$6.9 cm로 신체둘레의 경우 모두 감소된 경향을 보였다. 4. 프로그램 실시 전과 후 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤 모두 정상범위 및 위험수치에는 초과하지 않아 비만도가 크게 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 총 콜레스테롤은 186.25${\pm}$31.44 mg/dl에서 187.23${\pm}$39.41 mg/dl로, 중성지방은 115.25${\pm}$65.17 mg/dl에서 113.15${\pm}$34.31 mg/dl로 변화하였다. 프로그램 실시 전과 후 혈액 중 LDL-콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않아 체중 조절 프로그램으로 인한 뚜렷한 효과는 볼 수 없었다. 5. 아동들의 체중은 BMI, 체지방량, 특히 허리둘레, 엉덩이 둘레, 허리-엉덩이 둘레비와 유의성있는 상관관계를 보인 반면 혈청 콜레스테롤과 중성지방, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 농도와는 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 총 콜레스테롤은 중성지방, LDL-콜레스테롤과 유의성있는 상관관계를 보였으며, 중성지방은 LDL-콜레스테롤과 양의 상관관계를, HDL-콜레스테롤과는 음의 상관관계를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 궁극적으로 비만 아동을 대상으로 한 학교 내 체중 조절 프로그램이 장직적인 효과를 얻기 위해서는 첫째, 무엇보다 아동이 성장기임을 고려하여 지속적인 모니터링과 함께 아동들의 식이, 운동습관 및 비만과 관련된 행동의 변화가 생활 가운데 근본적으로 일어날 수 있어야 한다. 둘째, 체중 조절 프로그램은 식이 및 운동 지도와 아울러 긍정적 강화(positive reinforcement)와 보상(reward)을 통해 충분한 동기를 부여하도록 하고 프로그램 실시 후 일정기간 부모와 함께 하는 추후 관리 프로그램을 실시한다면 더욱 지속적인 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 마지막으로 현재 초등학교에는 보건교사와 영양사, 체육교사가 대부분 상주하고 있기 때문에 선생님들의 역할분담과 상호협력을 통하여 비만 예방교육, 비만 아동의 조기발견과 비만개선 프로그램을 수립하여 꾸준히 운영해 나간다면 성장기 아동의 비만문제를 해결하는데 큰 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of moderate caloric restriction on ${\beta}$-cell function and insulin sensitivity in middle-aged obese Korean women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fifty-seven obese pre-menopausal Korean women participated in a 12-week calorie restriction program. Data on total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, blood pressure, leptin and anthropometrics were collected. A dietary intake assessment was based on three days of food recording. Additionally, ${\beta}$-cell function [homeostasis model assessment of ${\beta}$-cell (HOMA-${\beta}$), insulinogenic index (ISI), C-peptide:glucose ratio, and area under curve insulin/glucose ($AUC_{ins/glu}$)] and insulin sensitivity [homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and Matsuda index (MI)] were recorded. RESULTS: When calories were reduced by an average of 422 kcal/day for 12 weeks, BMI (-2.7%), body fat mass (-10.2%), and waist circumference (-5%) all decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After calorie restriction, weight, body fat percentage, hip circumference, BP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, plasma glucose at fasting, insulin at fasting and 120 min, $AUC_{glu}$ and the insulin area under the curve all decreased significantly (all P < 0.05), while insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR, QUICKI and Matsuda index) measured by OGTT improved significantly (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate weight loss due to caloric restriction with reduction in insulin resistance improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in middle-aged obese women and thereby may help prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between sodium excretion and obesity for healthy adults in the Gwangju area. Methods: The participants included 80 healthy adults aged 19 to 69 years in Gwangju. The dietary intake and sodium excretion were obtained using the 24-hour recall method and 24 hour urine collection. The participants were classified into two groups according to the amount of urinary sodium excretion: (${\leq}141.75mmol/dL$, > 141.75 mmol/dL). Results: After adjusting for sex, age, smoking history, and income, the high excretion of sodium group was significantly higher for weight, body mass index, body fat mass, percent body fat, visceral fat area (VFA), waist circumference, hip circumference, and WHR. The energy and nutrients intake were significant after adjusting for sex, age, smoking history, and income. The LSE group had a significantly higher fat intake and Na/K intake ratio. The HSE group had significantly higher fiber intake, and K intake. As the amount of urinary sodium excretion increased, the risk of obesity before correction was 3.57 (95% CI: 1.13-11.25) times greater, and the risk of obesity of T3 increased significantly by 3.33 times (95% CI: 1.05-10.59). After correcting for sex and age, the obesity risk of T2 increased significantly by 4.23 times (95% CI: 1.11-16.06), and after correcting for sex, age, smoking history, and income, the obesity risk of T2 increased significantly by 6.81 times (95% CI: 1.44-32.19) the risk of obesity. Conclusions: An association exists between sodium excretion and obesity in Korean adults. In this study, the high excretion of sodium group was obese and the risk of obesity was higher than the low excretion of sodium group.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2006

This study is to compare the prevalence of obesity between Korean-American children and Korean children, and to investigate the role of environmental factors in obesity development. Prevalence of child obesity is compared by their residence, parents' anthropometric data, education and occupation, and the length of immigration, and birth place of the children. A total of 593 children between the ages of 9 and 12 were examined. 262 Korean-American children (KcUS group) from New Jersey, USA and 331 Korean children (KcK group) from Seoul, Korea were compared. KcUS group showed a higher obesity rate (male: 12.6% and female: 8.2%), compared to KcK group (male: 8.0% and female: 5.1 %). KcK male children showed lower weight and prevalence of obesity than Korean-American male children who lived in the United States for more than three years. Korean-American female children had higher weight and obesity rate than Korean female children. Waist circumference and hip circumference were also higher in obese children in both KcK and KcUS groups. The children who live in America had an odds ratio of 1.69 to be obese compared to KcK, while those born in America and those who have lived in America for more than 3 years had odds ratios of 1.53 and 1.25 to be obese, respectively. This study found that environmental factors, immigration to America for instance, could playa bigger role in child obese development than the genetic factor.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.36-60
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• 2021

This study aimed to provide basic data for establishing a sizing system for menswear by investigating body size changes and body shapes in adult men in their 30s to 50s. Data on 52 different upper body categories collected from 4,314 people during the 5-7th Size Korea surveys were analyzed. The waist height, hip height, torso and arm lengths, and torso and upper limb circumferences increased while the arm joint sizes decreased. According to factor analysis, factors 1 and 2 referred to 'the horizontal size of the upper body and limbs' and the 'torso height and upper limb length', respectively, while factors 3 and 4 represented 'shoulder size' and 'upper body length' respectively. In clustering analysis, types 1 and 2 were 'short and fat' and 'tall and thin,' respectively, while types 3 and 4 represented 'tallest and chubby' and 'shortest and small' respectively. Torso length increased in the 30 to 40s in type 1 while torso circumference increased in the 30s and late 40s in type 2. In type 3, shoulders got bigger in the 30s. In type 4, torso circumference increased in the early 30s, and torso length increased in the late 40s. 'Thin' was a typical body shape in the early 30s. Among early 40s men, distribution evolved from 'small' to 'thin.' In the late 40s, while the percentage of 'small' decreased, the ratio of 'obese' increased. In the 50s, 'small' was the most common.