• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the anthropometric data, serum profiles, and nutrient intakes of high school students who are living in Seoul. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were 174.1 cm and 66.6 kg in 99 male and 161.4 cm and 54.0 kg in 116 female students. Mean BMl for male and female students were 21.9 and 22.3 kg/$m^2$, and subjects with BMI > 25 kg/$m^2$ were 14 and 7%, respectively. Total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol of subjects were 149.6$\pm 3.1,\; 46.4 \pm 1.3,\; 86.4 \pm 2.3$,/TEX> mg/dl for males and 169.2 $\pm 3.1,\;50.7 \pm 1.0,\; 100.9 \pm 2.7 mg/dl$ for females, respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were 12.8 $\pm 0.1 g/dl, \;437.3 \pm 7.2\mug/dl\; in\; male\; and\; 11.9 \pm 0.1 g/dl,\; 439.4 \pm 5.7\mug/dl$ in female, respectively. Based on Hb classification, 45.6% of male and 45.0% of female students fell into anemic condition. Intakes of energy, Ca, Fe, Zn, riboflavin, and folate were below the Korean RDA. In particular Ca (male and female, respectively, 64.6 and 64.3% RDA) and Fe (male and female, respectively, 78.6 and 64.3% RDA) intakes were extremely low. Serum triglyceride was positively significantly correlated with weight (r =0.22), BMI (r =0.279), waist circumference (WC, r =0.235), triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF, r =0.197) and obesity index (OI, r =0.279). Hb concentration was positively correlated with height (r + 0.387), weight (r =0.349), BMI (r =0.191) and waistlhip ratio (WHR, r =0.380). As for the correlation between serum profiles and nutrient intakes, the Hb concentration was positively correlated with energy (r =0.163), protein (r =0.149), Na (r =0.153), vitamin A (r =0.165), thiamin (r =0.201) and niacin (r =0.192, p < 0.01). These result suggest that the prevalence of Ca and Fe deficiency of student is high and dietary guideline for prevent anemia in this age needs to contain the adequate intake of energy and its related vitamins.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.857-864
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• 2005

목 적 : 인슐린 감수성 지표들은 신체계측지수인 체질량지수 및 비만도와 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 이러한 신체계측지수들이 체지방량을 잘 반영하는 것으로 알려져 있기는 하나 소아에서는 성인에 비해 그 정확도가 떨어지므로 실제로 측정한 체지방량과 인슐린 감수성 지표들 간에도 이와 같은 연관성이 있는지에 대한 연구는 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 단순 소아 비만아들을 대상으로 하여, 체지방측정에 있어 비교적 객관적이며 정확한 방법으로 알려진 BIA와 DEXA로 측정한 체지방량과 인슐린 감수성 지표들 간에 어떠한 연관성이 있는지 알아보고 추후 외래에서 비만아들을 추적 관찰할 때 어느 지표가 가장 유용한지 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 2002년 1월부터 2004년 7월까지 중앙대학교 용산병원 비만클리닉을 방문한 28명의 단순비만 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 12시간 이상 금식 후 채혈을 하여 혈당과 인슐린 수치를 측정하였다. 같은 날 신장, 체중, 허리 둘레, 엉덩이 둘레를 계측하였고, BIA와 DEXA를 시행하여 체지방량을 구하였다. 얻어진 혈당과 인슐린 수치를 이용하여 G/I ratio, $log_{insulin}$, HOMA-IR, $log_{HOMA-IR}$, QUICKI를 구하여 체지방량과의 연관성을 알아보았다. 결 과 : 1) 인슐린 감수성 지표 중 G/I ratio만 triglyceride와 통계상 연관성이 있는 것으로 나왔다(r=-0.206, P<0.05). 이외의 $log_{insulin}$, HOMA-IR, $log_{HOMA-IR}$, QUICKI는 혈중 지질치와 관련이 없었다. 2) 비만도는 G/I ratio와 -0.209(P<0.05), $log_{insulin}$과 0.196(P<0.05), HOMA-IR과 0.238(P<0.01), $log_{HOMA-IR}$과 0.198(P<0.05), QUICKI와는 -0.224(P<0.05)로 연관성이 있는 것으로 나왔고, 체질량지수는 G/I ratio와 -0.463(P<0.01), $log_{insulin}$과 0.417(P<0.05), HOMA-IR과 0.301(P<0.01), $log_{HOMA-IR}$과 0.403(P<0.01), QUICKI와는 -0.451(P<0.01)로 나와 비만도 보다 더 인슐린 감수성 지표들과 상관성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 3) BIA로 측정한 체지방량과 비만도 및 체질량지수 각각에 대한 상관계수는 0.612(P<0.01), 0.316(P<0.05)으로 나왔고, DEXA로 측정한 체지방량과는 각각 0.667(P<0.01), 0.512(P<0.05)로 나와 체지방량과 비만도 및 체질량지수 사이에 연관성이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 4) G/I ratio는 BIA로 측정한 체지방량 및 체지방률과 각각 상관계수 -0.420(P<0.05), -0.366(P<0.05)으로 상관성을 보이고 있었고, DEXA로 측정한 체지방량 및 체지방률과도 -0.512(P<0.01), -0.449(P<0.01)로 높은 상관성을 보였다. HOMA-IR은 DEXA로 측정한 체지방량과만 상관계수 0.341(P<0.05)로 연관성을 나타냈고, 그밖에 다른 인슐린 감수성 지표들은 체지방량 및 체지방률 모두와 상관성이 없었다. 결 론 : 인슐린 감수성 지표들과 비만도 및 체질량지수와 같은 신체 계측지수들 간의 상관성에서, 인슐린 감수성 지표 특히 G/I ratio가 비만도 및 체질량지수 모두와 높은 상관성을 보였고, 체지방량 및 체지방률과 인슐린 감수성 지표와의 관계에서는 G/I ratio만이 BIA와 DEXA로 측정한 체지방량과 체지방률 모두와 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 단순 비만아의 진단 및 추적 관찰시 BMI 및 인슐린과 혈당치를 기초로 한 인슐린 감수성 지표 특히, G/I ratio의 활용이 임상에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.840-848
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• 2007

대학생의 생활 스트레스와 수면, 신체계측, 영양소섭취 상태와의 상관관계를 알아보고자 자기 기입식 설문조사와 신체계측 및 체성분 검사, 식이섭취조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 대학생들의 평균 수면 시간은 남학생 7.0시간, 여학생 7.1시간이었고, 수면 점수는 남학생 40.6${\pm}$5.7, 여학생 41.5${\pm}$5.3으로 수면 시간과 수면 점수에 있어 남녀 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수면과 생활 스트레스 간의 상관관계에서 남녀 모두에게 수면 시간은 생활 스트레스의 수준(스트레스 경험 빈도, 중요도, 총 스트레스 점수)과 상관관계를 보이지 않았으나, 수면의 질을 나타내는 수면 점수와 생활 스트레스 수준(스트레스 경험 빈도, 중요도, 총 스트레스 점수)을 살펴보았을 때, 남녀 모두에게 생활 스트레스와 수면의 질 간에 매우 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보여(p<0.01) 수면의 양보다는 수면의 질이 생활 스트레스와 더 상관이 있음을 보여주었다. 생활 스트레스 경험 빈도, 중요도, 총점과 신체계측 간에 상관성을 보았을 때 남학생은 생활 스트레스 경험 빈도, 중요도, 총점과 신체계측 및 체성분 간에 유의한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았으나 여학생은 생활 스트레스 경험빈도, 총점이 신체발달 점수와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 남학생의 경우 경제 문제와 신체계측과의 상관관계에서 체중(p<0.05), 허리둘레(p<0.05), 엉덩이둘레(p<0.05)와 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 여학생은 이성 문제에 대한 스트레스와 BMI(p<0.05), 체지방률(P<0.01), 복부지방률(p<0.01), 비만도(p<0.05) 간에 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 친구 문제와 BMI(p<0.05), 비만도(p<0.05), 엉덩이둘레(p<0.05)간에 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 학업 문제에서 체지방률(p<0.05), 복부지방률(p<0.05)과 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 영양소 섭취량과 생활 스트레스와의 상관관계에서 몇몇 영양소와 생활스트레스 간에 유의한 상관성을 보였으며, 생활 스트레스 원인별로 그 양상이 달랐다 남학생은 대체로 동물성 식품으로부터 얻을 수 있는 영양소인 칼슘, 철분 등과 생활 스트레스 간에 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상에서 조사된 바에 의하면 대학생의 생활 스트레스는 수면의 양보다는 수면의 질과 상관성이 있었으며 체성분, 영양소 섭취상태와도 상관성을 보였다. 생활 스트레스에 적절히 대처하는데 올바른 식습관 및 생활습관의 확립이 도움이 될 것으로 사료되며 대학생을 대상으로 운동, 자신이 좋아하는 취미활동 하기, 상담제도 이용 등의 올바른 생활스트레스 관리 방법에 대한 교육과 바람직한 식생활을 위한 영양교육이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 방사선 조사 용적 내 포함되는 소장의 용적 감소를 위해 복부판(Belly board, 벨리보드)과 소장변위도구(Small Bowel Displacement Device, SBDD)를 사용한 직장암 환자에서 방사선 치료 영역 내 포함되는 소장의 용적과 비만도 와의 상관성을 보고, 비만지표의 적용을 통해 SBDD의 사용지표를 삼고자 한다. 실험은 2012년 1월부터 4월까지 수술 전 혹은 수술 후 벨리보드와 SBDD를 사용해 골반부위에 방사선치료를 받은 29명의 직장암 환자를 대상으로 분석하였다. 방사선 치료는 3문 조사로 시행하였으며 1.8 Gy의 분할선량으로 중심점에 45 Gy를 조사한 계획만을 분석하였다. 환자의 키, 몸무게, 체질량지수(body mass index, BMI), 허리 엉덩이 둘레비(waist hip ratio, WHR)를 측정하여 비만도를 조사하였다. 조사되는 선량의 90%이상 들어가는 소장의 용적(high dose volume of small bowel, $HDV_{sb}$)과 33%이상 들어가는 소장의 용적(low dose volume of small bowel, $LDV_{sb}$)을 방광의 총 용적(total volume of bladder, $TV_{bladder}$) 및 비만도에 따라 비교하여 그 상관관계를 통계학적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 수술여부 및 성별 WHR은 $HDV_{sb}$, $LDV_{sb}$에 크게 미치는 영향이 없었고 $HDV_{sb}$, $LDV_{sb}$와 BMI(p=0.031/0.083), $TV_{bladder}$ (p<0.05)는 통계적으로 유의하였다. BMI가 $HDV_{sb}$와는 유의 하지만 $LDV_{sb}$와는 크게 유의하지 않았다. (p=0.031, p>0.05) BMI는 $HDV_{sb}$와 음의 상관관계(${\beta}$=-0.402)가 있었으며 $TV_{bladder}$는 $HDV_{sb}$, $LDV_{sb}$와 음의 상관관계(${\beta}$=-0.497/-0.522)가 있었다. 특히 BMI 23 미만인 경우(BMI Group2)보다 그 이상인 경우 $HDV_{sb}$에 영향을 미치며 음의 상관성(${\beta}$=-0.525)이 있었다.($LDV_{sb}$, $HDV_{sb}$와 유의확률 각각 p=0.059, p=0.027) BMI가 23 이상인 집단(BMI Group1)에서는 $TV_{bladder}$와 $HDV_{sb}$, $LDV_{sb}$가 통계학적으로 유의하였고(p<0.04) 음의 상관성을 보였다. 비만지표인 BMI가 23 이상인 과체중 및 비만군의 직장암 방사선 치료 시 벨리보드와 SBDD를 동시에 사용하는 경우 조사용적 내 포함되는 소장의 용적을 감소시키는데 더 효과적이었다. 그러므로 벨리보드를 사용하는 직장암의 방사선 치료 시 BMI 23 이상인 한국인 환자에게는 소장변위도구를 동시에 사용 할 것을 권장한다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2005

The obesity incidence rate of children in Korea has increased from 2 to 3% in 1970 to 15% in 2004. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diet on obesity, and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations by obese index in Korean elementary school students. The subjects were three hundred and thirteen students(male 157, female 156). Height, weight and body fat were measured. Dietary records by the 24-hr recall method were taken for 3 days, and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were determined. The obesity index was calculated by the Korean of Pediatrics Association standards. Nutrient intakes were calculated by CAN PRO. Almost twenty percent(19.8%) of the subjects were underweight, 60.1 % were normal, 10.2% were overweight and 9.9% were obesity. The obesity incidence rate of the males was not different from the females. Energy and nutrients intakes containing fatty acids were not significantly different by the obesity index. All the subjects had 59.7%～61.1% of carbohydrate and 24.2%～25.6% of fat for energy. Serum cholesterol concentrations of the obesity group(177.3 mg/dl) was higher than those of the underweight group(161.8 mg/dl) and normal weight group(163.5 mg/dl) and overweight group(163.8 mg/dl). Twenty nine percent of the obesity group had serum cholesterol concentrations over 200mg/dl, as compared with 4.8% of the normal and underweight group. Serum triglyceride in the obesity group(103.0mg/dl) was higher than those of the underweight group(79.7 mg/dL), normal weight group(81.0 mg/dl) and overweight group(81.1 mg/dl). Serum total cholesterol concentrations were correlated with the obese index, PIBW, R hrer index at p<0.001, with BMI at p<0.01 and with waist/hip ratio at p<0.05. Serum triglyceride concentrations were correlated with the obese index, PIBW, R hrer index at p<0.01. It is concluded that obesity increases serum total cholesterol concentrations and triglyceride concentrations, and that the obesity preventive program for normal weight children, and weight reduction program for obese children are necessary for elementary school children's education.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the proportion and associated risk factors of hypertriglyceridemia in rural Vietnamese women. Research data were collected as part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). A cross-sectional study of 957 Vietnamese women in their 20 to 30s was conducted in rural areas of Bavi, Vietnam. Subjects were classified as hypertriglyceridemic (serum TG ${\geq}$ 150 mg/dL). Demographic, socio-economic details, anthro-pometric measurements, and blood profiles were recorded. The proportion of hypertriglyceridemic subjects was 22.0%, and the mean age of hypertriglyceridemics subjects was older than that of normo-triglyceridemic subjects (p < 0.05). In hypertriglyceridemic subjects, height, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower, compared to subjects with normo-triglyceridemia, while weight, body mass index, waist hip ratio, body fat %, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and atherogenic index were higher, compared to those with normo-triglyceridemia. Intake of cereal and cereal products, total plant food, and cereal/potato fiber in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher, compared to normo-triglyceridemic subjects. Hypertriglyceridemic subjects had a significantly lower intake of animal calcium and retinol than normo-triglyceridemic subjects. Significant positive relationships were observed between the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and consumption of total plant food [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile, compared to the lowest: 1.764 (1.131-2.750); p for trend = 0.008] and crude fiber [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile compared to the lowest: 1.651 (1.092-2.497); p for trend = 0.027]. In addition, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and cholesterol intake [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile, compared to the lowest: 0.601 (0.400-0.901); p for trend = 0.012]. These findings may provide basic data for use by policymakers and dieticians in future development of nutrition and health programs to encourage healthier eating habits, and to prevent hypertriglyceridemia advancing cardiovascular disease in rural Vietnamese women.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2009

Objectives : Knowledge about the management status of diabetic melitus (DM) is essential to improve diabetic management. Moreover, low income is associated with poor adherence to treatment and increased mortality. This study was performed to evaluate the management status of DM in low-income patients in a rural area. Methods : We enrolled 370 patients with type 2 DM living in Gokseong county, JeollaNamdo. A well-trained examiner measured the height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Carotid ultrasonography was used to measure carotid artery carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque. anklebrachial index (ABI) was used to evaluate peripheral artery disease. A fundoscopic examination was performed to evaluate diabetic retinopathy. A history of diabetes complications and health-related questionnaires were also completed. Results : The age of diabetic subjects was 68.7$\pm$8.7 years and the duration of diabetes was 8.9$\pm$8.2 years. Most (63.5%) had hypertension, and 45.7% had triglycerides below 150 mg/dl, 38.1% had low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) cholesterol below 100 mg/dl, 48.7% had urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) below 30 mg/g. Less than half (45.9%) achieved the goal of HbA1c less than 7% suggested by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). 10.6% had peripheral vascular disease, 11.9% had retinopathy, and 60.8% had chronic kidney disease. Conclusions : DM management in low income patients is very poor and requires further work to improve.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7897-7907
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• 2014

Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees at King Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDs risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collect socio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physical activity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees (n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day of vegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweight or obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%, low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors, and 57.6% had ${\geq}3$ factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio 'aOR'=1.51), aged ${\geq}50$ years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), being obese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering of NCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university's employees had multiple (${\geq}3$) NCD risk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiable factors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.779-783
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• 2006

The adiponectin gene is known to be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis involving food intake, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Human adiponectin gene polymorphisms have been recently reported to be associated with obesity, insulin sensitivity and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study was carried out to investigate the porcine adiponectin gene as a candidate gene for fat deposition and carcass traits. A mutation of A178G of the porcine adiponectin gene that resulted in substitution of the amino acid Isoleucine to Valine was identified. AcyI PCR-RFLP was used to detect the polymorphism of the genotypes in five different pig populations (Large White, Landrace, Duroc, Chinese breeds Meishan and Qingping). The A allele frequency was significantly higher among subjects from Chinsese lard type breeds, while the G allele was the only one present in those from Western lean type breeds. To determine if there was an association of the polymorphism with phenotypic variation, the mutation was tested in 267 pigs of the "Large $White{\times}Meishan$" F2 resource population. The results of association analyses showed significant associations of the genotypes with fat deposition and carcass traits. Allele G was significantly associated with increase in loin eye height, loin eye area and lean meat percentage and bone percentage, and decrease in fat mean percentage, ratio of lean to fat, shoulder fat thickness, 6-7 rib fat thickness, thorax-waist fat thickness and buttock fat thickness. The substitution of A178G (Ile60Val) happened to be located at amino acid 60 in the collagenous domain of porcine adiponectin which might affect the association into higher-order structures, and accordingly affect the posttranslational modifications and optimal biological activity of the multimeric forms. The identified functional polymorphism provides new evidence of adiponectin as an important candidate gene affecting fat deposition and carcass traits in pigs.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.289-303
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• 2007

This report includes basic data on nutrition education for Chinese adolescents living in Korea. A total of 183 Chinese adolescents living in Incheon participated in the survey. Body composition was analyzed by the Inbody 4.0., and questionnaires on personal dietary behavior were administrated. When compared with the body measure indices of Korean adolescents, we found that height was similar, but weight greater ($5{\sim}12 kg$) among the participants. Regarding obesity, 30.0% of all students were obese (BMI>25), especially the high school boys (42.0%). But in the case of middle school boys, the rates of obesity and under weight (BMI<18.5) were the same (both of them at 22.9%). The average WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) of the female high school group (0.9) was over the normal range. The average percent body fat for each group was also over the normal range. The percentage of students having breakfast everyday was 52.2%, and the rate of skipping breakfast was 25.0%. In the obesity group, the rate of skipping breakfast was remarkably high (P<0.05). Because lunch service was not available at the schools, a lunch box from home was the most popular pattern (43.1 %), but eating out was also popular at 36.6%. For the male high school students, the eating out rate was 62.8%. Since many have-lived in Korea for a few generations, the students' eating practices were much closer to the Korean pattern. For their ordinary meal pattern, 96.0% of the students included Korean foods. however, for New Years Day, the rate of having Gyo-Ja was 75.2%, and having Wol-Byung at Choo-seok was 78.6%, showing that the Chinese tradition still remains. In the case of food preferences, the percentage having Kimchi everyday was 62.1 %, but those drinking green tea was 13.1 %. For cold drinks, the rate for drinking them more than twice per week was 71.6%. The most preferred cooking method was frying with oil (50.6%). Among the students who had visited China (or Taiwan), the rate for 'bad food familiarity' was 37.0%, and the rate for 'did not know Chinese traditional course menus' was 71.3%. As a result of combining eating practices from both China and Korea, and the absence of lunch service in Chinese schools, students are showing bad dietary behaviors. therefore, it is necessary to provide proper nutrition education and a system for lunch service in Chinese schools.