• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.253-273
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• 2020

This paper investigates the impact of the effective minimum wage, defined as the log difference between the minimum and the median wages, on wage inequalities in the OECD countries. Unlike the previous studies that focus on single countries in which the minimum wage has no cross-sectional variation and rely instead on within-country variations of wage distribution across regions or socio-economic characteristics, we use a country panel that allows for both cross-sectional and time-series variations in minimum wage. We also control for more factors than in the previous studies whose absence may cause endogeneity. Our results confirm the previous findings that increases in minimum wage alleviate the wage inequality at the lower tail of the wage distribution, while having little effect at the upper tail. The estimated effect is larger for women than for men, which is consistent with the fact that the share of workers who are directly affected by the changes in minimum wage is bigger among women than men. An application of the IVs of Autor, Manning and Smith (2016) supports the robustness of our findings.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.31-56
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• 2016

본 논문은 최저임금의 사업체 내 임금압축 효과를 다룬 것이다. 분석 결과 사업체 내 최저임금 비중의 증가는 사업체 내 임금분포를 압축시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 최저임금 비중이 큰 사업체일수록 사업체 평균임금이 낮아지는데 이때 고임금 그룹의 하락폭이 저임금 그룹보다 더 크게 나타나며, 저임금 대비 고임금 근로자의 상대임금도 최저임금 비중이 큰 사업체일수록 작아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 논문은 다음과 같은 것을 시사한다. 최저임금 인상은 직접적으로는 저임금 근로자의 임금을 상승시키며, 간접적으로는 고임금 근로자의 임금을 하락시키거나 상승폭을 둔화시켜 결과적으로 임금분포를 압축시킨다. 따라서 정책적으로 최저임금의 인상은 임금 불평등도를 낮추는 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2021

The study aims to investigate the effect on Philippine occupational choice of House Bill No.7787, also known as the National Wage Law, which was filled by the Philippine Congress that mandates the implementation of an across the board minimum daily wage of Php750.00 to all workers in the Philippines. This study had used the Computable General Equilibrium-Top-Down Behavioral Microsimulation approach to determine the effect of National Wage Law on occupational choice. The results of the study revealed that the implementation of said National Wage Law would affect the distribution of labor force across occupational classification such as wage workers, entrepreneurial farming activities workers, and entrepreneurial non-farming activities workers. This has resulted from a higher utility that will be derived from the wage working sector once the National Wage Law will be implemented. Further, among regions in the Philippines, the Calabarzon, National Capital Region, and Central Luzon had recorded the highest number of workers who prefer the wage income sector. The findings of the study also suggest that the Philippine agricultural sector will be greatly affected by the National Wage Law due to the preference of workers to shift from the entrepreneurial farming sector to belong to the wage sector.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.345-366
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• 2012

본 연구는 소득계층에 따른 '자녀유무별 여성임금격차(Family gap)'의 크기를 비교하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 2008년 한국노동패널의 조사자료를 활용하여 헤크만 2단계 추정법(Heckman's two stage estimation) 모형을 통해 분석대상 여성의 경제활동참가 선택을 결정하는 조건부 기댓값을 통제한 후, 소득분위에 따른 자녀양육의 영향력을 파악하기 위해 분위회귀분석(Quantile regression) 방법을 사용하였다. 분석결과 저소득계층(10분위)과 고소득계층(90분위)을 제외한 모든 소득분위에서 자녀를 한 명 양육하는 경우 자녀가 없는 경우에 비해 시간당임금이 낮아지는 결과, 즉 Family gap이 발견되었다. 또한 모든 소득계층에서 둘 이상의 자녀를 양육하는 경우 자녀가 없는 경우에 비해 시간당임금이 낮아지는 Family gap이 발견되었다. Family gap은 자녀가 하나 있는 경우와 둘 이상 있는 경우 모두 소득계층 25분위에서 가장 크게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 자녀양육으로 인한 여성의 노동시장 불평등과 여성 간(間)의 불평등 완화를 위한 보편적인 가족정책의 확대에 대해 논의하였다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the minimum wage policy and the employment labor force in Myanmar by exploring firms' actions such as installing supplementary machines to substitute for labor resources and by addressing gender issues in employment. Research design, data, and methodology: This paper applies a fixed-effect estimation method by using the World Bank's enterprise panel data set surveyed in Myanmar. Results: Findings suggest that the minimum wage reduces both full-time and part-time employment, while the first minimum wage policy increases overall female employment. The adverse impacts are more pronounced for female employees of Joint Venture enterprises and enterprises located in the less-populated regions. Investment in capital such as equipment and machinery increase to substitute for labor after the minimum wage policy implementation; as a result, full-time employment slightly decreases. Conclusions: Appropriate measures concerning the minimum wage policy must be prepared by the government and institutions related to the labor union to serve the well-being of employees. Government of Myanmar should fix the minimum wage in a reasonable period based on the fiscal year for both employers and employees to prevent possible issues and losses resulting from the minimum wage being set.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.67-116
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• 2006

본 연구는 대표치가 아니라 임금분포 자체를 분석대상으로 하여 그것을 고용구조적 견지에서 다양한 기술통계적 방법과 반모수적 계량분석 방법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 한국 제조업의 대표적 임금분포는 형태상 상당한 차이를 가지는 후진형, 중진형, 그리고 선진형 분포로 구별된다. 분포 형태의 차이는 그것을 구성하는 노동유형 분포와 가중치의 차이로 규정되고, 노동유형 분포를 사용한 다양한 기술통계적 분석을 통해서 유형 차이의 발생 이유가 명백히 된다. 그러나 기술통계 분석은 개별 속성변수들의 영향이 혼재된 복합적 결과라는 한계점을 가진다. 이 문제는 비례적 해저드함수를 활용한 반모수적 추정, 그리고 변수 변화의 한계효과를 함수 차원이 아니라 추정된 함수가 가져오는 분포 차원에서 평가하는 방법으로 해결된다. 한계분석의 결과로서 후진형, 중진형, 그리고 선진형 분포에 영향을 미치는 속성변수의 공통적 특징과 차이점, 그리고 영향의 강도가 밝혀진다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

Purpose: The study aims to analyze effects of wage on FDI inflows based on the threshold of institutional quality in 14 developing economies of Southeast and South Asia over the period from 2000-2017. Research design, data, and methodology: The study applies a fixed effect panel threshold regression. As a proxy for the institutional quality, it uses the six components of Worldwide Governance Indicators or a compound index obtained by an average of the six components. The data were taken from World Bank, the Chinn & Ito Database, and UNCTAD. To the best of our knowledge, no researches so far have considered the threshold of institutional quality in estimating the effect of wage on FDI inflows. Results: The composite index and each component of the six indicators of institutional quality except for voice and accountability, and regulatory quality are found to have nonlinear effects on FDI inflows. When the institutional quality is below the threshold, wage affects FDI inflows negatively. When the institutional quality is above the threshold, however, wage does not significantly affect FDI inflows. Conclusions: The effect of wage on FDI inflows varies depending on whether the institutional quality of the target countries is above or below the threshold.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.1-31
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• 2017

최근의 여러 연구는 임금불평등의 확대에 있어 사업체 간 임금격차 확대의 역할에 주목하고 있다. 이 논문은 2000~14년간 제조업 사업체 간 임금 및 생산성격차의 추세를 관찰하고 그 관계를 분석했다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라의 제조업 사업체 간 임금격차는 분석기간 동안 완만히 증가했다. 둘째, 이러한 사업체 간 임금격차 증가는 다수의 국제연구처럼 '성과가 좋은 상위 소수와 부진한 나머지' 사이의 격차가 벌어져서가 아니라 '부진한 하위 일부와 양호한 나머지' 사이의 격차가 벌어졌기 때문이다. 셋째, 사업체 간 생산성격차의 변화는 지표의 선택에 따라 다른 양상을 보인다. 노동생산성은 대체로 임금과 비슷한 변화 양상을 보였으나, 총요소생산성 격차는 상단에서 급격하게 확대되었다. 넷째, 이처럼 다른 생산성 지표 간 임금 설명력에 차이가 나는 것은 자본배분의 비효율과 밀접한 관계에 있는 것으로 보인다. 다섯째, 노동생산성 격차와 임금격차는 밀접한 관계에 놓여 있지만 고생산성 사업체일수록 생산성 증가가 임금 상승으로 이어지는 정도가 적다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relationship between the possibility of socioeconomic class elevation of wage earners, happiness and organizational commitment, and life satisfaction. Research design, data and methodology: Data from the 24th fiscal year (2021) of the Korea Labor Panel data were used for analysis. Only wage earners who measured job satisfaction and organizational engagement were analyzed, and a sample of 9,138 respondents was finally used, excluding missing values. Structural Equation Modeling was performed using AMOS 23.0, and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) was used as a model estimation method. Results: First, the hypothetical structural model set up for the study was found to be suitable. Second, the Possibility of Socioeconomic Class Elevation of wage earners, happiness, and organizational commitment were found to have a direct impact on life satisfaction. Third, the possibility of improving the socio-economic status of wage earners affects life satisfaction, and happiness and organizational commitment appear to have a partially mediating effect. Conclusions: This study is significant in that it has increased interest in organizational participation and life satisfaction, which were not covered in previous studies on the possibility of wage workers moving up the socioeconomic class.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.40-58
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• 2000

Nurses are medical personnel, who play a key role in supporting patient care, so it is important to supply them adequately in balance with ever increasing medical demand. But there appears severe shortage of nurses in some hospitals because of their uneven distribution, especially in small sized-hospitals and rural-hospitals. As nationwide distorted distribution of nurses in Korea is just like what monopsony model(a kind of market structure model) tells us, it is attempted to explain this situation of nurse labor market in Korea on the basis of monopsony model and presented in this paper. Specifically, determinants of nurse wage and the level of their relative employment were examined, and monopsony impact on their wage and the level of relative employment controlling those determinants were studied. Major results of this study arc as follows. The most important determinant of nurse wage level in this study was the wage level of a local community where each hospital located Hospital owner's characteristics an educational function of each hospital were also important factors. With these factor controlled, it was found that monopsony power of each hospital was negativel associated with nurse wage level as expected. 1% increase in monopsony power of hospital(measured by Herfindah-Hirschman Index) reduced nurse wage by $5,674{\sim}19,19$ won(in Korean currency). With regard to the level of relative employment, the most important determinant wa the capacity for supplying nurses of the local community. Again, hospital owner characteristics and educational function of each hospital were also important. With these factors controlled, it was found that monopsony power of each hospital was negative associated with the number of nurses per bed, as expected. 1% increase in monopsony power of each hospital(again measured by Herfindah-Hirschman Index) reduced the number of nurses per 100 bed as much as $0.46{\sim}0.67$. In conclusion. structural factors of nurse labor market influence the instability of nurse labor supply in Korea. Further consideration for these market structural characteristics needed for policy making related to nurse resource allocation.