• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.365-375
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• 2019

PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)는 안전 지향 제어시스템(safety-critical control system)을 위한 실시간 임베디드 제어 애플리케이션들을 지원하는 고신뢰성의 산업용 디지털 컴퓨터이다. PLC의 실시간 제약조건을 만족시키기 위하여 uC/OS 등의 실시간 운영체제들이 구동되고 있다. PLC들이 산업제어 시스템 등에 널리 보급되고 인터넷에 연결됨에 따라, PLC 시스템을 대상으로 한 사이버 공격들이 증대되고 있다. 본 논문에서는, 통합 개발 환경(IDE)에서 개발된 프로그램이 PLC로 다운로드 되기 전에 실행 코드를 분석하여 취약성을 완화시켜 주는 "실행코드 새니타이저(sanitizer)"를 제안한다. 제안기법은, PLC 프로그램 개발 중에 포함되는 취약한 함수들과 잘못된 메모리 참조를 탐지한다. 이를 위해 취약한 함수 DB 및 이상 포인터 연산과 관련된 코드 패턴들의 DB를 관리한다. 이들 DB를 기반으로, 대상 실행 코드 상에 취약 함수들의 포함 여부 및 포인터 변수의 이상 사용 패턴을 탐지 제거한다. 제안 기법을 구현하고 실험을 통해 그 유효성을 검증하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.682-689
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• 2019

본 연구는 취약계층을 대상으로 건강정도를 객관적 지표인 체질량지수를 통해 비만 정도의 지역별 격차를 공간적으로 규명해보고자 한다. 따라서 체질량지수가 공간적으로 높은 값과 낮은 값을 가지는 군집패턴을 보이는 지역을 추출하고 이 지역의 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 비만인구비율의 I 통계량은 0.07, z-score은 4.39으로 나타나, 공간자기상관성을 확인하였다. z-score의 경우 최대 임계값인 2.57보다 훨씬 크게 나타났다. 이는 사회취약계층 비만율이 지역별 격차를 보이며, 이러한 격차가 공간통계적으로 유의함을 의미한다. 이러한 비만 취약지역과 양호지역에 대한 지역별 환경을 비교 분석한 결과는 취약지역의 경우 대중교통성이 좋지 않고 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 공원이 적으며 단독 다세대 주택이 밀집한 지역으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 기존 연구들이 소홀했던 사회취약계층의 건강에 대하여 공간적인 시사점을 제공한다는 점에서 의미를 지닌다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.3-20
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• 2019

This review aimed to identify risk factors for occupational accidents and illnesses among young workers in the Nordic countries and to attain knowledge on specific vulnerable groups within the young working force that may need special attention. We conducted a systematic review from 1994 to 2014 using five online databases. Of the 12,528 retrieved articles, 54 met the review criteria and were quality assessed, in which data were extracted focusing on identifying occupational safety, health risk factors, and vulnerable groups among the young workers. The review shows that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers. Results show that exposures to chemical substances were associated with skin reactions, e.g., hand eczema. Heavy lifting and awkward postures were risk factors for low back pain, and high job demands were risk factors for mental health outcomes. The review identified young unskilled workers including school drop-out workers as particularly vulnerable groups when it comes to occupational accidents. In addition, apprentices and young skilled workers were found to be vulnerable to work-related illnesses. It is essential to avoid stereotyping young Nordic workers into one group using only age as a factor, as young workers are a heterogeneous group and their vulnerabilities to occupational safety and health risks are contextual. Politicians, researchers, and practitioners should account for this complexity in the education, training and organization of work, and workplace health and safety culture.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2023

In this study, evaluation indicators for quantitative and qualitative indicators were presented by resetting the evaluation indicators for the selection of the living conditions renovation project for vulnerable residential areas by reflecting the results of expert importance. The appropriateness of the project selection evaluation index was reviewed by comparing the results of the expert AHP importance survey to make the project sustainable and to discover vulnerable villages. Evaluation items were constructed based on the guidelines for selecting the target site, and AHP importance evaluation was performed using this evaluation item as a proxy variable. Based on the data collected from 152 villages in Gimhae-si for case studies, the evaluation results were derived by applying the existing guideline evaluation indicators and evaluation indicators reflecting the importance proposed in this study. As a result of the study, Overall, there was a positive correlation between the results of the existing guideline evaluation and the results of the AHP importance survey, but in detail, there is a difference in the results evaluated by the two evaluation methods. In the future, if the scope of participating experts is expanded to supplement the importance evaluation, and the evaluation grade is set by analyzing quantitative data from Gyeongsangnam-do or rural areas nationwide, local governments and others will use this evaluation index as basic data when promoting the project.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2024

2013년 이후로 산업안전보건법상 건설업 위험성 평가가 시행되었으나 법적 강제성이 없어 건설회사들은 이를 형식적으로 운용해 왔다. 또한 최근 산업안전보건법 전면개정, 중대재해 처벌등에 관한 법률 등으로 안전보건 의무를 강화하였으나 사고성 사망만인율은 정체되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 산업재해를 예방하기 위한 위험성 평가 계획이 적절하게 수립된다고 하더라도 해당 사업장에 종사하는 근로자가 위험성 평가의 내용을 이해하고 실행할 수 있어야 하며 이를 위해서는 해당 근로자를 참여하도록 하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 건설업 위험성 평가 시 취약계층 근로자의 참여를 활성화할 수 있도록 현장 실태조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하고 효율적인 근로자 참여방안을 모색하고자 하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.124-138
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• 2024

The International Union for Conservation of Nature and the Korean Red Data Book both categorize the dragon swallowtail Sericinus montela Grey, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) as a vulnerable insect. In South Korea, the main reason for this categorization is habitat destruction and deterioration, along with limited distribution mainly to the eastern region of South Korea, particularly to Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do. Considering much of the information is older than ten years the renewed survey to estimate distributional stability is required, particularly under global warming. In addition, the population genetic diversity and isolation of S. montela, which is important information when seeking to evaluate its vulnerability, is not yet known. In this study, we visited 38 habitable sites, consisted of 15 sites with the previous record for the sightings of the species and 23 sites without such record. Moreover, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region was sequenced for 56 individuals collected from seven sites. We observed S. montela at 20 sites, consisted of 11 recorded and 9 new sites in seven provinces, excluding Jeollanam-do and Jeju-do. Finding of the species in 9 new sites and location of the 4 in western region, which has a rare previous record are promising. However, failure to observe in 4 recorded sites and an extremely low observed number in new sites (5.3 vs. 17.6 individuals per site on average) is not optimistic. Population genetic data partially corroborate with the field observation data, showing that the populations in western region have lower genetic diversity and intermittent genetic isolation compared to those in eastern region. Taken these together, we suggest that S. montela should be remained as a vulnerable insect. However, more extensive field monitoring and co-dominant molecular data are required to verify this conclusion.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1735-1741
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• 2011

The safety of station structures among railway infrastructures should be considered as a top priority because hundreds of thousands passengers a day take a subway. The station structures, which have been being operated since the 1970s, are especially vulnerable to the earthquake and long-term vibrations such as ambient train vibrations as well. This is why the structural-health monitoring system of station structures should be required. For these reason, Korean government has made an effort to develop the structural health-monitoring system of them, which can evaluate the health-state of station structures as well as can monitor the vulnerable structural members in real-time. Then, through the monitoring system, the vulnerable structural members could be retrofitted. For the development of health-state evaluation method for station structures with the real-time sensing data measured in the fields, authors carried out the numerical simulations to develop evaluation algorithms based on statistical pattern recognition techniques. In this study, the dynamic behavior of Chungmuro station in Seoul was numerically analyzed and then critical members were chosen. Damages were artificially simulated at the selected critical members of the numerical model. And, the supervised and unsupervised learning based pattern recognition algorithms were applied to quantify and localize the structural defects.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to highlight the National Classification System related to cleanup the soil contaminated sites and to provide some guidance to address the priority management rank system before the remediation for Busan metropolitan city. Based on the previous soil investigation data, the quantitative classification of vulnerable areas for soil pollution was performed to successfully manage the contaminated sites in Busan. Ten evaluation factors indicating the high soil pollution possibility were used for the priority management ranking system and 10 point was assigned for each factor which was evenly divided by 10 class intervals. For 16 Gu/Guns in Busan, the score of each evaluation factor was assigned according to the ratio of the area (or the number) between in each Gu (or Gun) and in Busan. Ten scores for each Gu (or Gun) was summed up to prioritize the vulnerable Gu or Guns for soil pollution in Busan. Results will be available to determine the most urgent area to cleanup in each Gu (or Gun) and also to assist the municipal government to design a successful and cost-effective site management strategy in Busan.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop an environmental index for assessing the vulnerability of areas with invasive alien plants. To that end, "Regional Vulnerability Numerical Index" (RVNI) was developed with a spatial statistical technique and applied to Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area first. The results are as follows. First, RVNI was high in stream areas. Second, RVNI was lowest in mountain areas. It indicates that stream areas are vulnerable to invasive alien plants. In terms of regions, Guri City is most vulnerable and Gapyeong-gun is the least vulnerable. To expand and manage the invasive alien plants, a control protocol should be developed by considering the physiology and ecology by invasive alien plant. Also, related policies should be pursued based on the results. Thus, the findings of this study can be used as baseline data for setting policies for invasive alien species management.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to develop and evaluate a health promotion program for women with osteoarthritis. Methods: The research adopted the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 34 in the experimental group and 34 in the control group sampled among vulnerable women aged over 40. The independent variable was the health promotion program, and the dependent variables were perceived health status, balance, K-WOMAC, depression, life satisfaction and health promoting behavior. The health promotion program was performed for 50minutes each session, twice a week and for 8 weeks. Data were collected from July 1 to September 11, 2010. Results: The experimental group showed significant differences in perceived health status, balance, WOMAC pain, WOMAC difficulty of performing activity, depression, and health promoting behavior compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in WOMAC stiffness, waist, weight, and life-satisfaction. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the health promotion program can be applied in degenerative arthritis education to improve self-care.