• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.107-114
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• 2017

The purpose of the current study was to compare selected acoustic and electroglottographic measures (closed quotient, pitch, and loudness) among vowel phonation, traditional voiced lip trill ($VLT_T$), modified voiced lip trill methods ($VLT_M$). A total of 21 participants without voice complaints produced 4-second long samples using each phonation method. Results indicated that mean closed quotient of $VLT_M$ was higher than that of vowel phonation and $VLT_T$, while its range and standard deviation measures were higher than those of vowel phonation. Mean, range, standard deviation, maximum of pitch measures of $VLT_M$ were higher than those of vowel phonation. Lastly, mean and maximum loudness of the $VLT_M$ were higher than $VLT_T$. In conclusion, the current data indicate the possibility to use the $VLT_M$ as a training method for singing or a strategy to facilitate generalization effect of voice therapy. Current results also reflect the necessity for further study pertaining to the long-term effect of the $VLT_M$ training method. Clinical implications are discussed.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2000

In this paper, the H1*-H2* measure is introduced and exact procedures for obtaining the H1*-H2* value are fully specified, The H1*-H2* measure (a corrected difference in dB between the first and second harmonics) has been devised to provide an acoustic correlate of the phonation mode of a vowel following a consonant. With this measure, we can investigate the phonation mode of a vowel that is free from the F1 amplitude perturbation effect caused by the preceding consonant, which is especially salient at the voicing onset position of the vowel. For identical research purposes, on the other hand, the H1-H2 measure (the observed difference in dB between the first and second harmonic) has been employed in many previous studies. This paper compares these two measures by illustrating experimental results of exploring post-release phonation modes of vowels following the different manner classes of stop consonants in Korean $\square$i.e., the tense, lenis, and aspirated stops.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.269-274
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the acoustic differences that occur in diverse sections of sustained vowel phonation, which is often used in an objective speech analysis of voice disorder patients. The subjects included 17 voice disorder patients (vocal nodules) and 12 normal individuals without any voice disorder. The participants' sustained vowel phonation of /a/ was divided into onset, middle, and offset, and the jitter, shimmer, and NHR in each section were analyzed using the MDVP(Multi-Dimensional Voice Program). The Friedman test and post hoc analysis were used. In the vocal nodules group, the jitter, shimmer and NHR were significantly higher in the off section of sustained vowel phonation than in the middle section, and there were no significant differences between the beginning and middle sections. In contrast, in the group of normal individuals, there were no significant differences between any of the sections. The values of the acoustic parameters according to the section of analysis in the sustained vowel phonation are different and the vocal in the end section is significantly more unstable than that in the middle section. The results of this study will be useful for selecting the sections to be analyzed in sustained vowel phonation and interpreting the results of the analysis.

• MALSORI
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• no.52
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• pp.15-48
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• 2004

The present study investigates phonation types of the plosives in Bahasa Indonesia in terms of VOT, F0, durations of intervocalic closure, the preceding vowel, and the following vowel. The results showed that two speaker groups have distinct phonation types. Speaker Group I was characterized by a short voice lag for voiceless plosives and a considerable amount of voice lead for voiced ones. Speaker Group II was characterized by a short lag for both voiceless and voiced plosives. Although both groups showed a significant difference in F0 and the durations of individual segments between voiceless and voiced plosives, they had a remarkable difference in the temporal structure of the segments. Speaker Group I had temporal compensation between the intervocalic closure and the surrounding vowels across voice, such that the shorter the intervocalic closure the longer the surrounding vowels, while Speaker Group 2 didn't. This means that there are two different phonation type systems within a language.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.343-352
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• 2005

Phonation type index k (PTI In) presents a single and simplified measure of the spectral tilt. which is free from the effects of fundamental frequency and vowel qualify This study investigates PTI k with vowels /i . e. a. o, u/ obtained from 10 Korean male subjects. Specifically. this study tests the significance of differences in PTI k across Positions, Phonation types. vowels, and speakers, respectively The results showed that there was a significant difference in PTI k across positions, Phonation types, vowels. and speakers.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the acoustic voice outcomes of children with cochlear implant to those of children with normal hearing. Participants were 41 children using unilateral cochlear implant (18 males and 23 females), and children with normal hearing from the same age and sex. Mean age of implantation was approximately 3 years old, mean duration of implant use was 4 years in CI group. Acoustic analyses were performed using MDVP of CSL. Speech samples were 3 sustained vowels, /a, i, u/. 9 parameters (F0, Fhi, Flo, Jitter, Shimmer, vF0, vAm, NHR, and SPI) were analyzed. Children with CI did not show the significant differences in those parameters after the vowel /a/ phonation. Meanwhile, there were significantly different results in F0, Fhi, vF0, and SPI after /i, u/ phonation. These results revealed that differences of voice characteristics in children with CI compare to children with NH persist regarding vowel context. It suggests that high vowels would recommend as speech samples for acoustic evaluation. Futhermore perceptual analysis and speech therapy for phonation control would be necessary for children with CI.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2002

This study proposes phonation type index k as a descriptor of the overall spectral tilt, which is free from the effects of fundamental frequency and vowel quality. The newly proposed phonation type index k presents a simple and single measure of the overall spectral tilt. Phonation type index k can be applied to speech technology. It can also be used in diagnosing patients voice qualities in speech pathology. The distribution of phonation type index k, which is speaker-dependent, may be useful in forensic phonetics and voice recognition as an indicator of speaker identity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.721-727
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• 2013

This study sought to compare the difference of Phonation Threshold Pressure and Nasalance according to vowels. We tested 28 normal females(20~30age) who be in attendance at a school from May to August 2012. We measured Phonation Threshold Pressure through PAS(Phonatory aerodynamic system, model 6600, KAY electronics, Inc) that aero-mechanical instrument called. Phonation Threshold Pressure was measured by using the consonant /p/ and the three vowels /a, i, u/ and was analyzed the three times of Phonation the five times. Also We measured Nasalance through the Nasometer${\Pi}$(model 6450, KAY electronics, Inc). The vowel's phonation was recored by using the three vowels /a, i, u/. the nasalance score was measured via Nasometer. As a Result, Phonation Threshold Pressure according to three vowels show significantly difference. Also, Nasalance according to three vowels show significantly difference. Finally, Correlation coefficient of Phonation Threshold Pressure and Nasalance according to three vowels show positive relation ship. Therefore Phonation Threshold Pressure and Nasalance according to three vowels have closely relationship.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find clues to the risk of voice disorders in soprano students. The subjects of the study were 17 soprano students and 18 general students (women). The phonation of vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/ with C4 and F4 notes in each group were recorded. Then, only soprano students were made to record their classical vocalization containing vibrato. Formant, formant energy, bandwidth, VAI (vowel area index), VSA (vowel space area) and L/H ratio were analyzed. There was significant difference in F3 such that the singers' note was measured around 3 kHz which seems to be 400 Hz higher than one from general students. But, There was no significant difference in L/H ratio between soprano student and the general student. There was a significant difference in F3 in the comparison of the soprano students' two vocalization methods. Classical vocalization was measured at 200Hz higher than sustained phonation in F3. Vocal tract adjustment was made and vowel space changed, but there was no significant difference in F3 energy, which is the index of singers' formant according to the phonation method. The L/H ratio, which can be a direct indicator of vocal effort, has no difference in phonation method and is lowered in all phonation methods as the pitch increases. C4 and F4 pitches are lower than the singing range of the soprano. When the pitch changes, vocal effort increases like a general student which will be an indicator of the risk of vocalization. This will be a clue to the vocalization of the immature soprano student.

• MALSORI
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• no.49
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• pp.31-50
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• 2004

This study investigates spectral characteristics of frication noise in Korean sibilants in terms of center of gravity and skewness. Specifically, the present study seeks to observe the two parameters with emphasis on place of articulation in different vowel environments. This study also examines whether these parameters can discriminate phonation types. The results showed that the fricatives are palatalized in front of the front vowel /i/ and the affricates are articulated at the same place of articulation regardless of the following vowels. This study also suggests that the place of articulation of the fricatives followed by /i/ is the same as those of the Korean affricates. With regard to the phonation type, there was a significant difference in the center of gravity between lax and tense series for both fricatives and affricates.