• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2017

The purpose of the current study was to compare selected acoustic and electroglottographic measures (closed quotient, pitch, and loudness) among vowel phonation, traditional voiced lip trill ($VLT_T$), modified voiced lip trill methods ($VLT_M$). A total of 21 participants without voice complaints produced 4-second long samples using each phonation method. Results indicated that mean closed quotient of $VLT_M$ was higher than that of vowel phonation and $VLT_T$, while its range and standard deviation measures were higher than those of vowel phonation. Mean, range, standard deviation, maximum of pitch measures of $VLT_M$ were higher than those of vowel phonation. Lastly, mean and maximum loudness of the $VLT_M$ were higher than $VLT_T$. In conclusion, the current data indicate the possibility to use the $VLT_M$ as a training method for singing or a strategy to facilitate generalization effect of voice therapy. Current results also reflect the necessity for further study pertaining to the long-term effect of the $VLT_M$ training method. Clinical implications are discussed.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2000

In this paper, the H1*-H2* measure is introduced and exact procedures for obtaining the H1*-H2* value are fully specified, The H1*-H2* measure (a corrected difference in dB between the first and second harmonics) has been devised to provide an acoustic correlate of the phonation mode of a vowel following a consonant. With this measure, we can investigate the phonation mode of a vowel that is free from the F1 amplitude perturbation effect caused by the preceding consonant, which is especially salient at the voicing onset position of the vowel. For identical research purposes, on the other hand, the H1-H2 measure (the observed difference in dB between the first and second harmonic) has been employed in many previous studies. This paper compares these two measures by illustrating experimental results of exploring post-release phonation modes of vowels following the different manner classes of stop consonants in Korean $\square$i.e., the tense, lenis, and aspirated stops.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권7호
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2017

본 논문은 임상에서 음성장애 환자의 객관적 음성 분석 대상으로 주로 쓰이는 모음연장 발성이 분석하는 구간에 따라 어떠한 음향학적 차이를 보이는지 밝히고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 성대결절 환자 17명의 /아/ 모음연장 발성을 시작, 중간, 끝 구간으로 편집하여 MDVP를 통해 각 구간의 jitter, shimmer, NHR을 산출하였고, 비교를 위하여 정상 음성 집단 12명의 음성도 분석하였다. 산출 결과는 R 통계프로그램을 활용하여 Fridman test와 사후 검정을 실시하였다. 음성장애 환자집단은 모음연장 발성의 끝 구간이 중간 구간에 비해 jitter, shimmer, NHR 값이 모두 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 발성의 시작 구간은 중간 구간에 비해 세 파라미터 모두에서 높게 산출됐지만 유의한 차이는 없었다. 반면, 정상 집단은 발성의 시작, 중간, 끝 모든 구간에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 모음연장 발성은 구간에 따라 음향학적 파라미터의 분석 결과가 다르고 발성 끝 구간에서 중간 구간보다 유의하게 음성이 불안정해지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결론은 임상 현장에서 모음연장 발성의 분석 구간 선택과 결과 해석에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
• /
• 제52호
• /
• pp.15-48
• /
• 2004

The present study investigates phonation types of the plosives in Bahasa Indonesia in terms of VOT, F0, durations of intervocalic closure, the preceding vowel, and the following vowel. The results showed that two speaker groups have distinct phonation types. Speaker Group I was characterized by a short voice lag for voiceless plosives and a considerable amount of voice lead for voiced ones. Speaker Group II was characterized by a short lag for both voiceless and voiced plosives. Although both groups showed a significant difference in F0 and the durations of individual segments between voiceless and voiced plosives, they had a remarkable difference in the temporal structure of the segments. Speaker Group I had temporal compensation between the intervocalic closure and the surrounding vowels across voice, such that the shorter the intervocalic closure the longer the surrounding vowels, while Speaker Group 2 didn't. This means that there are two different phonation type systems within a language.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.343-352
• /
• 2005

발성유형지수 k (PTI k)는 F0와 모음 음가의 영향을 배제한, 단순하고 단일화된 스펙트럼 기울기의 척도다. 본 논문은 한국인 20대 남성화자 10명으로부터 얻은 모음 /이, 에, 아, 오, 우/에 나타난 PTI k를 연구한다. 환경, 발성유형, 모음, 그리고 화자를 요인으로 하여 각 집단간에 PTI k의 값에 유의미한 차이가 있는지 알아본다. 연구 결과 환경, 발성유형, 모음, 그리고 화자 각각에 집단간에 유의미한 차이가 있었다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the acoustic voice outcomes of children with cochlear implant to those of children with normal hearing. Participants were 41 children using unilateral cochlear implant (18 males and 23 females), and children with normal hearing from the same age and sex. Mean age of implantation was approximately 3 years old, mean duration of implant use was 4 years in CI group. Acoustic analyses were performed using MDVP of CSL. Speech samples were 3 sustained vowels, /a, i, u/. 9 parameters (F0, Fhi, Flo, Jitter, Shimmer, vF0, vAm, NHR, and SPI) were analyzed. Children with CI did not show the significant differences in those parameters after the vowel /a/ phonation. Meanwhile, there were significantly different results in F0, Fhi, vF0, and SPI after /i, u/ phonation. These results revealed that differences of voice characteristics in children with CI compare to children with NH persist regarding vowel context. It suggests that high vowels would recommend as speech samples for acoustic evaluation. Futhermore perceptual analysis and speech therapy for phonation control would be necessary for children with CI.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한음성학회 2002년도 11월 학술대회지
• /
• pp.77-80
• /
• 2002

This study proposes phonation type index k as a descriptor of the overall spectral tilt, which is free from the effects of fundamental frequency and vowel quality. The newly proposed phonation type index k presents a simple and single measure of the overall spectral tilt. Phonation type index k can be applied to speech technology. It can also be used in diagnosing patients voice qualities in speech pathology. The distribution of phonation type index k, which is speaker-dependent, may be useful in forensic phonetics and voice recognition as an indicator of speaker identity.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.721-727
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 모음에 따라 발성역치압력과 비성도의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 2012년 5월부터 8월 동안에 대학에 재학 중인 20~30대의 정상성인 여성 28명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 발성역치압력은 객관적인 공기역학적 검사도구인 PAS(Phonatory aerodynamic system, model 6600, KAY electronics, Inc)를 이용하였으며, /p/와 세가지 모음 /a, i, u/를 각 5번씩 측정하여 가운데 3개를 비교하여 분석하였다. 또한 비성도는 Nasometer${\Pi}$(model 6450, KAY electronics, Inc)를 이용하였으며, 세가지 모음 /a, i, u/를 5초 이상 연장발성하여 측정하였다. 그 결과, 모음에 따른 발성역치압력은 유의한 차이를 나타내었으며, 모음에 따른 비성도도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 발성역치압력과 비성도간의 상관관계도 매우 높은 상관성을 나타내었다. 따라서 모음간의 발성역치압력은 연인두 폐쇄정도를 예측할 수 있으며 그에 따른 비성도와 매우 연관성이 깊음을 알 수 있었다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find clues to the risk of voice disorders in soprano students. The subjects of the study were 17 soprano students and 18 general students (women). The phonation of vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/ with C4 and F4 notes in each group were recorded. Then, only soprano students were made to record their classical vocalization containing vibrato. Formant, formant energy, bandwidth, VAI (vowel area index), VSA (vowel space area) and L/H ratio were analyzed. There was significant difference in F3 such that the singers' note was measured around 3 kHz which seems to be 400 Hz higher than one from general students. But, There was no significant difference in L/H ratio between soprano student and the general student. There was a significant difference in F3 in the comparison of the soprano students' two vocalization methods. Classical vocalization was measured at 200Hz higher than sustained phonation in F3. Vocal tract adjustment was made and vowel space changed, but there was no significant difference in F3 energy, which is the index of singers' formant according to the phonation method. The L/H ratio, which can be a direct indicator of vocal effort, has no difference in phonation method and is lowered in all phonation methods as the pitch increases. C4 and F4 pitches are lower than the singing range of the soprano. When the pitch changes, vocal effort increases like a general student which will be an indicator of the risk of vocalization. This will be a clue to the vocalization of the immature soprano student.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
• /
• 제49호
• /
• pp.31-50
• /
• 2004

This study investigates spectral characteristics of frication noise in Korean sibilants in terms of center of gravity and skewness. Specifically, the present study seeks to observe the two parameters with emphasis on place of articulation in different vowel environments. This study also examines whether these parameters can discriminate phonation types. The results showed that the fricatives are palatalized in front of the front vowel /i/ and the affricates are articulated at the same place of articulation regardless of the following vowels. This study also suggests that the place of articulation of the fricatives followed by /i/ is the same as those of the Korean affricates. With regard to the phonation type, there was a significant difference in the center of gravity between lax and tense series for both fricatives and affricates.