• 제목/요약/키워드: voluntary contract groups

검색결과 4건 처리시간 0.023초

HACCP 적용에 필요한 시설 . 설비 . 문서의 위탁급식소 구비 실태에 관한 조사 (Usage Status Survey on Some Essential Facilities, Equipment and Documentary Records for HACCP Implementation in Contract Foodservices)

  • 문혜경;류경
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
    • /
    • 제33권7호
    • /
    • pp.1162-1168
    • /
    • 2004
  • In this study, based on SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure) for HACCP in Food Sanitation Act, essential facility, equipment and documentary records for HACCP implementation were identified. Usage and adoption of these devices at Korea Food & Drug Administration appointed HACCP foodservices ("Appointed"), voluntary HACCP applying foodservices ("Voluntary applying") and HACCP non-applying foodservices ("Non-applying") have been compared. Total 46 contract foodservices were surveyed: 13 "Appointed" (65% of nation-wide all appointed food services in February, 2002),17 "Voluntary applying" and 16 "Non-applying". For usage and adoption of facility and equipment, 18 out of total 27 surveying items showed significant differences at the three foodservice groups (p<0.01 or p<0.05). Specifically, following items showed lower usage than 70% in the "Appointed": ′A trench including grease trap′, ′3-compartment sink with hot water′. Regarding CCP monitoring tool installation, 8 out of total 9 items showed significant differences among the groups (p<0.01 or p<0.05). For the usage of 10 documentary recording items for HACCP application log, 7 items showed significant differences among the groups (p<0.01 or p<0.05). Resultantly, most of those essential facilities, equipment and documentary records ;were used only in the "Appointed". The limited usages of those were showed for the "Voluntary applying" where the dietitian answered they applied HACCP voluntarily. The "Non-applying" didn′t have many surveyed items.

한국(韓國) 성리학(性理學)에 있어서의 개인과 공동체 (Individual & Community in Korean Neo-Confucianism)

  • 이상익
    • 한국철학논집
    • /
    • 제38호
    • /
    • pp.97-128
    • /
    • 2013
  • 유교는 본래 개인주의보다 공동체주의와 친화성이 있다. 유교의 이상은 한마디로 '인륜공동체(人倫共同體)'의 실현이었다. 조선시대에는 화수회(花樹會)나 종계(宗契), 향약(鄕約)과 사창(社倉), 서원(書院)과 서당(書堂) 등이 크게 발달했는데, 이는 바로 유교적 인륜공동체를 지탱하는 세 축이었다. 이와 같은 전통적 공동체들은 '생래적 귀속집단'이라는 성격과 '자발적 계약집단'이라는 성격을 겸하는 것이었다. 다시 말해, 이들 공동체들은 혈연(血緣) 지연(地緣) 학연(學緣) 등 '연(緣)'을 매개로 한다는 점에서는 '생래적 귀속집단'이라 할 수 있지만, 반드시 개인의 자발적 참여의사를 전제로 한다는 점에서는 '자발적 계약집단'이었던 것이다. 또 이와 같은 전통적 공동체들은 구성원들의 자발적 참여에 의해 성립한 공동체인 만큼, 공동체의 운영도 기본적으로 민주적 절차에 따랐다. 공동체 운영의 책임자들을 돌아가면서 맡고, 주요 안건을 회의에서 결정한 것 등이 그 증거이다. 한편, '전체의 질서와 개인의 개성이 서로 조화를 이루어야 한다'는 이일분수론(理一分殊論)과 '공정(公正)한 원칙에 따라 사익(私益)을 추구해야 한다'는 인심도심론(人心道心論) 등 전통 성리학(性理學)의 수기론(修己論)은 '사적(私的) 개인'을 '공적(公的) 시민'으로 승화시키는 과정이었던 것이다.

위탁급식소 조리종사원의 HACCP 적용에 필요한 위생지식 및 직무수행수준에 대한 인지도 (Study on Hygiene Knowledge and Recognition on Job Performance Levels for HACCP Application for Employees at Contract Foodservices)

  • 문혜경;황잠옥
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
    • /
    • 제8권1호
    • /
    • pp.71-82
    • /
    • 2003
  • In this study, hygiene knowledge and recognition on job performance levels of foodservice employees at different degrees of HACCP application had been compared. As for the comparison of hygiene knowledge for HACCP application, foodservice employees at "Appointed" showed significantly higher HACCP knowledge (p < 0.01) . As for recognition on job performance levels, this status also assured the significant difference between the comparison groups (p < 0.01) : "Appointed" showed the highest point of 4.24 while "Voluntary applying" and "Non-applying" showed 3.39 and 2.53 respectively. The "Appointed" group showed the well performance of most of the surveyed items. "Voluntary applying" group showed unsatisfactory performance in various log recordings and some part of surveyed items. As for "Non-applying", many items were performed under the average score as they do not apply HACCP.ems were performed under the average score as they do not apply HACCP.

심리적 계약 위반이 OS이용자의 배신 행동에 미치는 영향: 윈도우 XP 기술적 지원서비스 중단 사례 (The Effects of Psychological Contract Violation on OS User's Betrayal Behaviors: Window XP Technical Support Ending Case)

  • 이은곤
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
    • /
    • 제24권3호
    • /
    • pp.325-344
    • /
    • 2014
  • Technical support of Window XP ended in March, 8, 2014, and it makes OS(Operating System) users fall in a state of confusion. Sudden decision making of OS upgrade and replacement is not a simple problem. Firms need to change the long term capacity plan in enterprise IS management, but they are pressed for time and cost to complete it. Individuals can not help selecting the second best plan, because the following OSs of Window XP are below expectations in performances, new PC sales as the opportunities of OS upgrade decrease, and the potential risk of OS technical support ending had not announced to OS users at the point of purchase. Microsoft as the OS vendors had not presented precaution or remedy for this confusion. Rather, Microsoft announced that the technical support of the other following OSs of Wndow XP such as Window 7 would ended in two years. This conflict between OS vendor and OS users could not happen in one time, but could recur in recent future. Although studies on the ways of OS user protection policy would be needed to escape from this conflict, few prior studies had conducted this issue. This study had challenge to cautiously investigate in such OS user's reactions as the confirmation with OS user's expectation in the point of purchase, three types of justice perception on the treatment of OS vendor, psychological contract violation, satisfaction and the other betrayal behavioral intention in the case of Window XP technical support ending. By adopting the justice perception on this research, and by empirically validating the impact on OS user's reactions, I could suggest the direction of establishing OS user protection policy of OS vendor. Based on the expectation-confirmation theory, the theory of justice, literatures about psychological contract violation, and studies about consumer betrayal behaviors in the perspective of Herzberg(1968)'s dual factor theory, I developed the research model and hypothesis. Expectation-confirmation theory explain that consumers had expectation on the performance of product in the point of sale, and they could satisfied with their purchase behaviors, when the expectation could have confirmed in the point of consumption. The theory of justice in social exchange argues that treatee could be willing to accept the treatment by treater when the three types of justice as distributive, procedural, and interactional justice could be established in treatment. Literatures about psychological contract violation in human behaviors explains that contracter in a side could have the implied contract (also called 'psychological contract') which the contracter in the other side would sincerely execute the contract, and that they are willing to do vengeance behaviors when their contract had unfairly been broken. When the psychological contract of consumers had been broken, consumers feel distrust with the vendors and are willing to decrease such beneficial attitude and behavior as satisfaction, loyalty and repurchase intention. At the same time, consumers feel betrayal and are willing to increase such retributive attitude and behavior as negative word-of-mouth, complain to the vendors, complain to the third parties for consumer protection. We conducted a scenario survey in order to validate our research model at March, 2013, when is the point of news released firstly and when is the point of one year before the acture Window XP technical support ending. We collected the valid data from 238 voluntary participants who are the OS users but had not yet exposed the news of Window OSs technical support ending schedule. The subject had been allocated into two groups and one of two groups had been exposed this news. The data had been analyzed by the MANOVA and PLS. MANOVA results indicate that the OSs technical support ending could significantly decrease all three types of justice perception. PLS results indicated that it could significantly increase psychological contract violation and that this increased psychological contract violation could significantly reduce the trust and increase the perceived betrayal. Then, it could significantly reduce satisfaction, loyalty, and repurchase intention, and it also could significantly increase negative word-of-month intention, complain to the vendor intention, and complain to the third party intention. All hypothesis had been significantly approved. Consequently, OS users feel that the OSs technical support ending is not natural value added service ending, but the violation of the core OS purchase contract, that it could be the posteriori prohibition of OS user's OS usage right, and that it could induce the psychological contract violation of OS users. This study would contributions to introduce the psychological contract violation of the OS users from the OSs technical support ending in IS field, to introduce three types of justice as the antecedents of psychological contract violation, and to empirically validate the impact of psychological contract violation both on the beneficial and retributive behavioral intentions of OS users. For practice, the results of this study could contribute to make more comprehensive OS user protection policy and consumer relationship management practices of OS vendor.