• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2000년도 제20회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.189-196
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• 2000

A numerical simulation was conducted to analyze the interaction of flame and vortices. The characteristic scales of flame and vortices were limited in the thin laminar flamelet regime. Within this regime, flame is assumed as discontinuity surface and its motion in flow field was described by G-equation instead of full governing equations. Additional approximations include distribution of line volume sources on flame surface to simulate effect of volume expansion. Contrast to previous calculations, current study employed vortex transport equation to evaluate attenuation and smearing of vortices. Two extreme conditions of frozen vortex and frozen flame were considered to validate the current method. Comparison with direct numerical simulation resulted in satisfactory quantitative agreement with higher computational efficiency which warrants the usefulness of the present model in more complex situation.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2002

The role of high volume Class F fly ash in reducing expansion due to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) was investigated. A series of modified ASTM C 1260 tests were performed under three different levels of NaOH normality, extending the test period to 28 days, using high- or low alkali cement, and Class F fly ash up to 58 ％ by mass of cement. A reactive siliceous fine aggregate was used. The test results confirm that HVFA replacement in a cementitious system significantly helps in controlling expansion caused by ASR.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.837-841
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• 2003

Duplex microstructure of zirconia and alumina has been achieved via an organic-inorganic solution technique. Zirconium 2,4-pentanedionate, aluminum nitrate and polyethylene glycol were dissolved in ethyl alcohol without any precipitation. The organicinorganic precursor gels were turned to porous powders having volume expansion through explosive, exothermic reaction during drying process. The volume expansion was caused by abrupt decomposition of the organic groups in the gels during the vigorous exothermic reaction. The volume expanded, porous powders were crystallized and densified at 1500$^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. At the optimum amount of the PEG polymer, the metal cations were well dispersed in the solution and a homogeneous polymeric network was formed. The polymer content also affected on the specific surface area of the synthesized powder and the grain size of the sintered composite.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1997

Light wave diffraction from multiple superposed volume gratings is inestigated using a perturbative iteration method of the integral equation of Maxwell's wave equation. The host material and index gratings are anisotropic and non-coplanar multiple volume gratings are considered. In this method, the paraxial approximation and lack of backward scattering in conventional coupled mode theory are not assumed. Systematic analysis of anisotropic wave diffraction due to multiple noncoplanar volume index gratings is performed in increasing level of diffraction orders corresponding to successive iterations.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

This paper presents further investigation into the effect of over-expansion cycle in a spark-ignition engine. On the basis of the results obtained in previous studies, several combinations of late-closing (LC) of intake valve and expansion ratio were tested using a single-cylinder production engine. A large volume of intake capacity was inserted into the intake manifold to simulate multi-cylinder engines. With the large capacity volume, LC can decrease the pumping loss and then increase the mechanical efficiency. Increasing the expansion ratio from 11 to 23.9 with LC application can produce about 13% improvement of thermal efficiency which was suggested to be caused by the increased cycle efficiency. The decrease of compression ratio from 11 to 5.5 gives little effect on the thermal efficiency if the expansion ratio could be kept constant. Thus, the expansion ratio is revealed to be a determining factor for cycle efficiency, while compression ratio is no more important, which suggests the usefulness of controlling the intake charge with intake valve closure timing. These were successfully explained by simple thermodynamic calculation and thus the mechanism could be verified by the estimation.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2020

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of positive active pressure technique and active breathing technique on lung function in healthy adults. Methods : In this study, the passive lung expansion technique and active respiration enhancement technique using an air mask bag unit were conducted in 30 normal adults to observe changes in pulmonary function with forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1). In order to observe the change in the level of respiratory function, we would like to investigate the peak expiratory flow (PEF) and the forced expiratory flow (FEF 25-75 %). Results : As a result of this study, there was no significant difference in comparison between the passive lung expansion technique and the active breathing enhancement technique (p>.05). The passive lung expansion technique effectively increased the effortful expiratory volume and the median expiratory flow rate of 1 second (p<.05). And the passive lung expansion technique effectively increased the effortless lung capacity and the maximum expiration flow rate (p<.05). Conclusion : The passive lung expansion technique effectively increases the range of motion of the lungs and chest cages, intrathoracic pressure, and elasticity of the lungs, and the active breathing technique increases the muscle functions such as the diaphragm and the biceps muscles. It is expected that it will be able to selectively improve the respiratory function of patients with respiratory diseases or functional limitations as it is found to be effective.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2023

Objective: To evaluate and compare a series of volume changes in the nasal cavity (NC), nasopharynx, oropharynx, and maxillary sinuses (MS) in growing Class III patients after either rapid palatal expansion (RPE) or alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) followed by facemask (FM) therapy, by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Forty growing Class III patients were retrospectively selected and divided into two matched groups: RPE/FM (14 females, 6 males; mean age, 9.66 ± 1.23 years) and Alt-RAMEC/FM groups (14 females, 6 males; mean age, 10.28 ± 1.45 years). The anteroposterior and vertical displacements of Point A, the volumes of the NC, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and MS were measured at different time points: pretreatment (T1), postexpansion (T2), and postprotraction (T3). Results: Both groups demonstrated significant maxilla advancement (by 1.3 mm) during expansion, with a statistically significant intergroup difference during protraction (RPE/FM, 1.1 mm; Alt-RAMEC/FM, 2.4 mm; p < 0.05) and throughout the treatment (RPE/FM, 2.4 mm; Alt-RAMEC/FM, 3.7 mm; p < 0.05). NC and nasopharyngeal airway volumes increased significantly in both groups after expansion, protraction, and treatment. The oropharyngeal and MS volumes increased in both groups after protraction and post-treatment. However, no volumetric differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in airway volume changes, including NC, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal airway, and MS, between RPE/FM and Alt-RAMEC/FM groups at different time points. Although there was significantly more forward movement after protraction in the Alt-RAMEC/FM group, the difference was deemed too small to be clinically relevant.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2009년도 춘계 학술대회 제21권1호
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• pp.373-374
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• 2009

본 연구는 온도의존적 장기팽창성을 갖는 MgO콘크리트 특성을 재령에 따라 온도 및 체적 변화를 고려한 콘크리트 구조물의 응력해석에 적용하기 위한 팽창모델을 비교 분석하여 적합한 모델을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2006

In this research. the diesel cycle was thermodynamically interpreted to evaluate the possibility of high efficiency by converting diesel engines to the high expansion diesel cycle, and general cycle features were analyzed after comparing these two cycles. Based on these analyses. an experimental single cylinder a long stroke with high expansion-diesel engine. of which S/B ratio was more than 3, was manufactured. After evaluating the base engine through basic experiments, a diesel engine was converted into the high expansion diesel engine by establish VCR device and VVT system Accordingly, the high expansion diesel cycle can be implemented when the quantity of intake air is compensated by supercharge and the effective compression ratio is maintained at its initial level through the reduction of the clearance volume. In this case, heat efficiency increased by $5.0\%$ at the same expansion-compression ratio when the apparent compression ratio was 20 and the fuel cut off ratio was 2. As explained above, when the atkinson cycle was used for diesel cycle, heat efficiency was improved. In order to realize high expansion through retarding the intake value closing time, the engine needs to be equipped with variable valve timing equipment, variable compression ratio equipment and supercharged pressure equipment. Then a high expansion diesel cycle engine is realized.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2023

이 연구의 목적은 상악 확장 속도에 따른 치아치조성, 골격성 효과 및 상기도에 대한 효과를 CBCT를 통해 3차원적으로 분석하여 저속 상악 확장의 효과를 확인하는 것이다. 전북대학교 소아치과에서 Banded hyrax를 이용하여 상악 확장을 시행한 23명(평균 8.93 ± 1.61세)의 환자가 포함되었다. 확장 속도에 따라 저속 상악 확장군과 급속 상악 확장군으로 분류되었다. 치료 전후의 치아치조성, 골격성, 기도 부피 변화를 평가하기 위해 치료전(T0)과 치료 종료 및 유지 후(T1)에 촬영한 CBCT를 사용하였다. 상악 확장 결과 두 군 모두에서 치아치조성, 골격성 측정 값 및 상기도 부피의 유의한 증가가 관찰되었다. 또한 모든 측정 값에서 저속 상악 확장과 급속 상악 확장 간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이 연구는 혼합치열기 어린이에서 저속 상악 확장의 효과에 대해 확인하였다. 저속 상악 확장은 치아치조성, 골격성 측정 값 뿐만 아니라 기도 부피, 상악동 기체 부피에서도 유의한 효과를 보였다. 또한, 급속 상악 확장의 효과와 비교하였을 때 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 소아치과의사는 성장기 어린이의 치주 조직의 생리적 측면, 불편감에 따른 협조도 등을 고려하여 급속 상악 확장과 저속 상악 확장 중 적절한 방법을 선택할 수 있을 것이다.