• 음성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2007

The present study investigated some perceptual phonetic attributes of two Korean stop types, aspirated and lax, in medial position of an accentual phrase. The intonational pattern across syllables (Jun, 1993) is argued to depend on the type of stop (aspirated vs. lax) only in the initial position of an accentual phrase. In Kang & Dilley (2007), we showed that significant differences between aspirated and lax stops in medial position of an accentual phrase exist in closure duration, voice-onset time, and fundamental frequency (F0) values for post-stop vowels. In the present perception experiment, we investigated whether these phonetic attributes contribute to the perception of these two types of stops: The closure durations and/or F0's of post-stop vowels on accentual-phrase medial words were altered and twenty native Korean speakers then judged these words as beginning with an aspirated or lax stop. Both closure duration and F0 significantly affected judgments of stop identity. These results indicate that a wider range of acoustic cues that distinguish aspirated and lax Korean stops in production also plays a role in perception. To account for these results we suggest some phonetic and phonological models of consonant-tone interactions for Korean.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

Changes in speech production in normal elderly might be subtle and gradual. Therefore, an acoustic analysis is appropriate to identify the effect of aging on speech. For this purpose, this study examined four speech parameters; voice onset time (VOT), VOT range, $f_0$ of following vowel($f_0FV$), and $f_0FV$ difference in two age groups, old (mean age 74.57 yrs.) and young (m: 27.43 yrs.). The results show that compared to the older group the younger demonstrated significantly shorter VOTs in lenis and longer in aspirated stop. VOT ranges were relatively broad and consequently overlapped between the phonation types (e.g., lenis, fortis, aspirated). The $f_0FV$ values in the older group which are an integral parameter with VOT were lower compared with the young group. The $f_0FV$ differences in the old female group were significantly narrower than the young female group, therefore, clear distinction became difficult. In conclusion, contrast in temporal information was obscured, and the domain of glottal information was diminished on stop consonants in Korean elderly. The findings suggest that central/peripheral changes by aging could lead to a deficit in coordination between phonation and articulation.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare the acoustic parameters of English stop consonants at the initial and after-initial-/s/ positions in a message produced by 47 Korean and American speakers in order to provide better pronunciation skills of English stops for Korean learners. A Praat script was developed to obtain voice onset time (VOT), maximum consonant intensity (maxCi), and rate of rise (ROR) from six target words with stops at the positions in the message. Results show that VOT and maxCi were significantly different between the two language groups while ROR wasn't. The Korean speakers generally produced the stop consonants with longer VOTs and higher consonant intensity. From the comparison of consonant groups at the two different positions, the Korean participants did not distinguish them as clearly as the American participants did at the after-initial-/s/ position. Finally a comparison of each language and sex group revealed that the major difference was attributed to stop consonants in the after-/s/ position. The author concluded that Korean speakers should be careful not to produce all the stops with longer VOTs and higher intensity. Further studies would be desirable to examine how Americans evaluate Korean speakers' English proficiency with modified acoustic values of English stops.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2020

This study investigated whether listeners' perceptual patterns varied according to base token selected for stimuli manipulation. Voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) values were orthogonally manipulated, each in seven steps, using naturally produced words that contained a lenis (/kan/) and an aspirated (/k^han/) stop in Seoul Korean. Both native and non-native groups showed significantly higher numbers of aspirated responses for the stimuli constructed with /k^han/, evidencing the use of minor cues left in the stimuli after manipulation. For the native group the use of the VOT and F0 cues in the stop categorization did not differ depending on whether the base token included the lenis or aspirated stop, indicating that the results of previous studies remain tenable that investigated the relative importance of the acoustic cues in the native listener perception of the Korean stop contrasts by using one base token for manipulating perceptual stimuli. For the non-native group, the use patterns of the F0 cue differed as a function of base token selected. Some findings indicated that listeners used alternative cues to identify the stop contrast when major cues sound ambiguous. The use of the manipulated VOT and F0 cues by the non-native group was not native-like, suggesting that non-native listeners may have perceived the minor cues as stable in the context of the manipulated cue combinations.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2018

This study aimed to examine whether preconsonantal vowel shortening, which occurs in many languages, exists in Chinese. To this end, we compared 15 pairs of Chinese bi-syllabic words with intervocalic unaspirated/aspirated stops. The results revealed that (1) the effect of the feature aspiration of the following stop on the preceding vowel (V1) was neither significant nor consistent though V1 tends to be a little longer before an unaspirated stop; (2) the following unaspirated stop closure (C) was similar to or longer than its aspirated cognate; (3) the durational sum of V1 and C was longer when the stop is unaspirated, and V1 and C had no compensatory relationship; (4) Voice Onset Time (VOT) was significantly longer when the stop is aspirated than unaspirated; (5) the vowel (V2) following VOT was significantly longer when the stop is unaspirated, so the differentials in VOT were partially compensated; (6) despite the partial compensation, the sum of VOT and V2 was longer when the stop is aspirated; (7) words with an intervocalic aspirated stop were longer than those with its unaspirated cognate. It is concluded that while VOT is the most important factor for deciding the timing structure of Chinese words with intervocalic stops, closure duration is crucial for Korean and many other languages.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.191-206
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• 2018

Purpose : This study investigated the correlation between speech intelligibility and acoustic measurements of speech sounds produced by the children with speech sound disorders and children without any diagnosed speech sound disorder. Methods : A total of 60 children with and without speech sound disorders were the subjects of this study. Speech samples were obtained by having the subjects? speak meaningful words. Acoustic measurements were analyzed on a spectrogram using the Multi-speech 3700 program. Speech intelligibility was determined according to a listener's perceptual judgment. Results : Children with speech sound disorders had significantly lower speech intelligibility than those without speech sound disorders. The intensity of the vowel /u/, the duration of the vowel /${\omega}$/, and the second formant of the vowel /${\omega}$/ were significantly different between both groups. There was no difference in voice onset time between the groups. There was a correlation between acoustic measurements and speech intelligibility. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that the speech intelligibility of children with speech sound disorders was affected by intensity, word duration, and formant frequency. It is necessary to complement clinical setting results using acoustic measurements in addition to evaluation of speech intelligibility.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1982년도 제16차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.11.2-12
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• 1982

최근 우리나라에 있어서도 후두미세수술의 발달로 음성외과 분야에 대한 관심이 높아졌으며 음성장애 환자의 진단 및 치료면에서도 괄목할 만한 발전을 가져왔다. 우리는 작금의 음성외래에서 진단되는 음성장애 환자중에서 특히 성대의 유리연(遊離緣)을 따라서 평행하는 선상(線狀)의 성대구 (聲帶溝)를 보게되는데 이와같이 성문의 폐쇄부전을 동반하는 성대구증 (Sulcus Vocalis)은 1901 년 Salvi에 의해서 처음으로 명명보고된 이래로 유럽과 일본등에서 다수 보고된 바있으나. 우리나라에서는 비교적 관심이 적었던 질환으로 그 뚜렷한 원인과 치료에 대해서는 아직도 정설이 없는 상태이다. 이에 본 교실에서는 1981년 5월부터 1982년 3월까지 본원 음성언어연구실로 내원한 성대구증환자 35예에 대하여 일련의 음성검사를 시행하여 약간의 치험을 고찰한 바 있기에 그 결과를 보고하는 바이다. 1 ) 발생 빈도는 음성 장애를 주소로 내원한 290 예의 환자 중 35예로써 약 12 %였다. 2) 발병연령은 10세 이하에서 19예 (54%)로 가장 많았으며 다음은 10대, 20대의 순이였다. 3 ) 발병연령은 대부분의 예에서 불명이었으나 4예에서는 홍역 후에, 3예에서는 심한 감기 후에 병발했으며, 2 예는 선천적인 것으로 사려되었다. 4) 예중 25예 (71 %)에서 양측성이었고, 좌,우 편측성인 경우가 각각 8예 (23 %), 및 2예 (6 %)였다. 5 ) 임상증상은 거의가 애성을 주소로 하고 있었으며 7 예에서는 만성후두염을 동반하고 있었다. 6 ) 공기역학적검사에서는 20 예(57 %)에 서 최대발성지속시간 (Maximal Phonation time)이 감소되어 있었고, 발성율(發聲率, Phonation Quotient)은 22예(63 %)에서 증가되었으며, 발성시평균호기유율(Mean Air Flow Rate)은 23예 (66 %)에서 증가되었다. 7 ) 스트로보스코피(Stroboscopy) 를 시행할 수 있었던 33예 중 31예 (93%)에서 성문폐쇄부전 (glottic chink)이 있었으며 양측성대의 진동성은 거의 전례에서 규칙적 (regular)이었고, 4예(12 %)에서 비대칭(asymmetric)이었으며, 진폭 (amplitude) 은 5 예 (21 %)에서 감소되었으며, 점막파동(mucosal wave) 은 24 예 (73 %)에서 감소되었다. 8) 치료로서 상기 환자중 5예에서 성대내 테프론(Teflon) 주입을 실시하였고 1예에서 성대구절제술(Sulcusectomy)를 실시하였는데 테프론을 주입한 1예에서 증상의 호전이 있었을 뿐 다른 예에서는 효과가 뚜렷치 않아서 앞으로의 원격성적이 요망되었다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2005

Melody intonation therepy (MIT) is to improve the linguistic aspects of the verbal utterance for aphasic patients utilizing the intact right brain. It is applied to the aphasic patients with good comprehension, poor fluency, and little available speech are thought to be ideal candidates. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Korean Melody intonation therapy (kMIT) in patients with non-fluent aphasia. Five male non-fluent aphasic patients were participated in this study. Average ages were 49.9 years old. Each therapy took 45-50minutes once a week for six months. Aphasic Screen lest (RISS) was used to assess language parameter such as Auditory comprehension, oral expression, reading, writing and calculation ability before and after kMIT. Mean of Length Utterance, verbal intelligibility and articulation disorder were assessed also. Computerized Speech Lab was used to assess the acoustic characteristics of aphasic patients before and after kMIT. The results are as follows : 1) Auditory comprehension, oral expression, reading, writing and calculation ability of the subjects increased after UH'. However, only oral expression showed significant difference (p<0.05). 2) Mean of Length Utterance of five patients generally increased after Un. 3) After kMIT, verbal intelligibility increased and showed significant difference (p<0.05). 4) Misarticulation rate generally decreased after m. 5) Voice Onset Time of the alveolar lenis /t/ and velar lenis /k/ gradually decreased after kMIT. 6) However, intonation pattern were increased gradually in yes'no question after kMIT.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.834-839
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigates Korean speech sound development, including articulatory error patterns, among the Japanese-Korean children whose mothers are Japanese immigrants to Korea. Methods: The subjects were 28 Japanese-Korean children with normal development born to Japanese women immigrants who lived in Jeonbuk province, Korea. They were assessed through Computerized Speech Lab 4500. The control group consisted of 15 Korean children who lived in the same area. Results: The values of the voice onset time of consonants /$p^h$/, /t/, /$t^h$/, and/$k^*$/ among the children were prolonged. The children replaced the lenis sounds with aspirated or fortis sounds rather than replacing the fortis sounds with lenis or aspirated sounds, which are typical among Japanese immigrants. The children showed numerous articulatory errors for /c/ and /I/ sounds (similar to Koreans) rather than errors on /p/ sounds, which are more frequent among Japanese immigrants. The vowel formants of the children showed a significantly prolonged vowel /o/ as compared to that of Korean children ($P$<0.05). The Japanese immigrants and their children showed a similar substitution /n/ for /ɧ/ [Japanese immigrants (62.5%) vs Japanese-Korean children (14.3%)], which is rarely seen among Koreans. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Korean speech sound development among Japanese-Korean children is influenced not only by the Korean language environment but also by their maternal language. Therefore, appropriate language education programs may be warranted not only or immigrant women but also for their children.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1655-1659
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate that which symptoms are adequate indicator of the deficiency of Eum pattern in the stroke patients. In the time period Dec. 2006 to Aug. 2007, 479 patients with a first-ever stroke admitted in the department of Internal Medicine of 12 Oriental Medical Hospitals were included. Patients were hospitalized within 1 months after the onset of stroke. Stroke patients had been interviewed by resident who studied standard operation procedures in Fundamental Study for Standardization and Objectification of Differentiation and Pattern Identification of Syndrome of Oriental Medicine for Stroke. Eum-deficiency patients was confirmed by medical specialist diagnosis, resident diagnosis, case report form analysis without a dissenting voice. Deficiency of Eum group included 65 case, Non Eum group 414 case out of 479 patients. dryness of mouth, short and rapid purse, white face and reddish zygoma, mirror-like tongue were higher among Eum group. Eum and Non Eum patients do not significantly differ in reddened tongue, dryness in tongue, night sweat, palpitation, afternoon tidal heat, palmar heat, sores of the mouth or tongue. This study was insufficiency because sample size is very small. More data from prospective cohort studies will help to Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and Signs for the Stroke.