• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.369-391
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• 2021

The vlda is an R (R Development Core team et al., 2011) package which provides functions for visualization of multidimensional longitudinal data. In particular, the R package vlda was developed to assist in producing a plot that more effectively expresses changes over time for two different types (long format and wide format) and uses a consistent calling scheme for longitudinal data. The main features of this package allow us to identify the relationship between categories and objects using an indicator matrix with object information, as well as to cluster objects. The R package vlda can be used to understand trends in observations over time in addition to identifying relative relationships at a simple visualization level. It also offers a new interactive implementation to perform additional interpretation, therefore it is useful for longitudinal data visual analysis. Due to the synergistic relationship between the existing VLDA plot and interactive features, the user is empowered by a refined observe the visual aspects of the VLDA plot layout. Furthermore, it allows the projection of supplementary information (supplementary objects and variables) that often occurs in longitudinal data of graphs. In this study, practical examples are provided to highlight the implemented methods of real applications.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.856-864
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• 2008

This paper describes a vehicle low speed driving assistant (VLDA) system that is composed of laser scanner. This vehicle is designed for following lead vehicle (LV) without driver's operation. The system is made up several component systems that are based on unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). Each component system is applied to use advanced safety vehicle developed to complete UGV system. VLDA system was divided into vehicle control system and obstacle detecting system. The obstacle detecting system calculate distance and angle of LV and transmit these data to vehicle control system using front, left and right laser scanners. Vehicle control system makes vehicle control values such as steering angle, acceleration and brake position and control vehicle's movement with steering, acceleration and brake actuators. In this research, we designed VLDA system like as low speed cruise control system and test it on real road environments.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 1987

혈압과 심박수의 중추조절에 대한 복외측 연수의 choline성 수용체의 역할을 규명하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. urethane으로 마취한 흰쥐에서 신경흥분성 아미노산인 L-glutamate(300 ng/site)를 복외측 연수에 미세주사하여 승압부위 (VLPA)와 감압부위 (VLDA)를 각각 기능적으로 확인하였다. VLPA와 VLDA에 각각 여러가지 choline성 약물들과 choline성 수용체의 길항제들을 양측으로 미세주사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 관찰하였다. 1. VLPA에 ca.bachol(300 ng/site)를 미세주사한 후 현저한 혈압상승 및 빈맥이 일어났으며, 이 반응은 hexamethonium ($4\;{\mu}g/site$)의 전처치에 의하여 차단되지 않았다. 2. VLPA에 physostigmine (200 ng/site)과 oxot.emo.me (300 ng/site)을 미세주사한 후 각각 현저한 혈압상승이 일어났다. 3. VLPA에 atropine($4\;{\mu}g/site$)을 미세주사한 후 현저한 혈압하강 및 서맥이 일어났다. 4. VLDA에 acetylcholine(500 ng/site)과 dimethylphenylpipe.azinium (500 ng/site)을 미세주사한 후 각각 현저한 혈압하강 및 서맥이 일어났다. 5. VLDA에 acetylcholine(500 ng/site)을 미세주사한 후 유발된 혈압하강 및 서맥반응은 hexamethonium($4\;{\mu}g/site$) 전처치에 의하여 차단되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 흰쥐의 복외측 연수의 승압부위에서는 muscarine성 수용체를 통하여 혈압상승 및 빈맥반응이 일어나고 감압부위에서는 nicotine성 수용체를 통하여 혈압하강 및 서맥 반응이 일어나는 것으로 사료된다.