• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2005

We extracted pine-needles using ethanol as solvent, and we obtained the refined oil component from pine-needles extract. Also we tested the tyrosinase activated inhibition effect with melanin experiment and analysed with ICP/OES and UV/VIS. Accordingly we obtained the next conclusion from the result of this experiment. From the first result of this experiment, we could know that the degree of recovery of refined oil component from pine-needles extract appeared in about 8.0%. From the second result of this experiment, we could know that the tyrosinase activated inhibition rate increased more and more in case of increasing concentration of pine-needles, green-tea, vitamine-C. Also we could know that vitarnine-C influences to tyrosinase activated inhibition contained in pine-needles. From the third result of this experiment, we could know that inorganic materials of Ca, Mg, V, Mn, etc contained in pine-needles detected with ICP/OES analysis, and the absorbance of pine-needles extract appeared very high in UV/VIS analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.342-347
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• 1999

The objectives of this study were to investigate biological activities such as nitrite scavenging effect of water and methanol fractions obtained from each green juice(Angelica keiskei, kale, carrot) under different pH conditions, and antioxidant vitamin contents in green juice made of green yellow vegetables. The result shows that nitrite scavenging effect of each green juice was 14.0~91.2% in model system. The methanol fraction provided higher effect than the water fraction. The nitrite degradation was the highest at pH 1.2. Nitrite scavenging effect of methanol fraction obtained from kale juice was 91.2% at pH 1.2 which was the highest among tested samples in this experiments. Consequently, extracts of kale juice were shown to provide the greatest functional properties among the vegetables tested. Contents of vitamine E and C in the extracts of kale were higher than the others.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.237-252
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• 2000

Pressure sore is an area of ulceration and necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues usually occuring over the bony prominences of the body after prolonged or often repeated pressure. We reviewed and summarized the published articles and treatise on the treatment of pressure sore. The results were as follows : 1. Pressure sore occur due to prolonged or often repeated pressure. So it is better than decubitus ulcer that is called pressure sore. 2. The most common lesions of pressure sore are sacrum, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter. 3. The cause of pressure sore are change of comprehension. urine, moisture, change of the ability of activity and exercise, shearing force. 4. The elements to influence on wound healing are collagen accumulation velocity, nutrition condition, Vitamine C, copper, iron. oxygen pressure, steroids, cell-toxic drug, radiation. 5. Non-operative treatments are managements of skin such as avoiding consistant pressure, dressing, preventing moisture, understanding patient and protecter, preventing spasm, improvement of systemic nutrition condition. 6. Operative treatements are debridement, suture, skin transplantation, muscle flap and musculaocutaneous flap surgery. Recently V-${\Gammer}$ advancement surgery in use of muscle and musculocutaneous flap is generally maded. 7. Complications of post-operation are wound rupture, infection, disappearance of transmitted skin, necrosis of flaps.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 1975

여포액이 여포안에서는 난자의 성숙을 억제하지만 여포액을 일단 여포 밖으로 내어 배양액을 섞거나 혹은 여포액만으로 난자를 배양할 때 난자는 성숙분열을 일으키는 것을 보아 왔다. 저자들은 소의 여포액 내의 성분중 어떤 것 들이 난자 성숙에 유효한 가를 밝히기 위하여 본 실험을 행하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여포액을 투석하여 얻은 dialysable fraction을 이용하여 난자를 배양하였을 때 높은 성숙율을 얻었다. 반대로 non-dialysable fraction를 포함하는 기본배양액 내에서는 난자의 성숙율은 극히 낮았으며 퇴화하는 경향이 있었다. 둘째, paper chromatography 의 방법으로 dialysable fraction이 포함하는 free amino acid를 조사한 결과 8가지의 amino acid가 동정되었다. 이 amino acid를 기본배양액에 섞어 배양액으로 만들어 난자를 배양했을 때 난자성숙율이 90%이상이었고 제 2차 중기까지 도달한 난자는 30시간 이내에 10% 정도였다. 셋째, 상기의 amino acid가 들어있는 배양액에 다시 biotin를 첨가하여 배양하면 48시간내에 제 2차 분열 중기까지 도달하는 난자가 60%에 이르렀다. 위 결과로 보아 여포액은 in vitro인 경우 난자의 성숙을 유발하며 성숙을 유발하는 주요 성분은 여포액내에 포함되어 있는 몇가지 amino acid와 biotin과 같은 vitamine B가 될 것이라는 결론을 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 1993

Unit price of meal provision in industrial foodservice differs with each business. It is believed that menu management work, contents of menu, and nutrition supply performed by dietitian are different with unit price of meal provision. In this sense, purposes of this study are to examine meal management work and contents of menu, by food cost, at industrial foodservice in Taegu, Kyungbuk area and to evaluate variety of menu and nutrition supply. Results of the study are as follows: 1. Average number of side dishes provided at meal, including Kimchi, was 2 at low unit price, 3.0 at middle unit price and 3.1 at high unit price. 2. Possession ratio of account books using for menu management was low. 3. With regard to kind of menu, high unit price was most various and showed more various, compared to low unit price, especially in cooking oil-used cook methods such as broil, pan-fried food, fry, and roast. 4. High unit price was found as the highest in kind of used food and supply volume. 5. Sugar, Mineral, Vitamine, and Protein were satisfied with standard food content, but fat and calcium were not. 6. Supply volume of food was positively correlated to supply volume of nutrient, but kinds of cook methods and food type were not correlated to that of nutrient.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.871-888
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• 1997

Background : It is now thought that the earliest manifestation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is alveolitis, that is, an accumulation of inflammatory and immune effector cells within alveolar walls and spaces. Inflammatory cells including alveolar macrophages and resident normal pulmonary tissue cells participate through the release of many variable mediators such as inflammatory growth factors and cytokines, which contribute to tissue damage and finally cause chronic pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. This study was performed to investigate the source and distribution pattern of transforming growth factor-${\beta}_1$(TGF-${\beta}_1$), platelet derived growth factor(PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF), interleukin 1(IL-1), interleukin 6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and the role of these mediators on bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary injury and fibrosis in rats. Method : Wistar rats were divided into three groups(control group, BLM treated group, BLM and vitamine E treated group). Animals were sacrificed periodically at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after saline or BLM administration. The effects were compared to the results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, light microscopic findings, immunohistochemical stains for six different mediators(TGF-${\beta}_1$, PDGF, bFGF, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$) and mRNA in situ hybridization for TGF-${\beta}_1$. Results : IL-1 and IL-6 are maximally expressed at postbleomycin 1~7th day which are mainly produced by neutrophils and bronchiolar epithelium. It is thought that they induce recruitment of inflammatory cells at the injury site. The expression of IL-1 and IL-6 at the bronchiolar epithelium within 7th day is an indirect evidence of contribution of bronchiolar epithelial cells to promote and maintain the inflammatory and immune responses adjacent to the airways. TNF-$\alpha$ is mainly produced by neutrophils and bronchiolar epithelial cells during 1~5th day, alveolar macrophages during 7~28th day. At the earlier period, TNF-$\alpha$ causes recruitment of inflammatory cells at the injury site and later stimulates pulmonary fibrosis. The main secreting cells of TGF-${\beta}_1$ are alveolar macrophages and bronchiolar epithelium and the target is pulmonary fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. TGF-${\beta}_1$ and PDGF stimulate proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts and TGF-${\beta}_1$ and bFGF incite the fibroblasts to produce extracellular matrix. The vitamine E and BLM treated group shows few positive cells(p<0.05). Conclusion : After endothelial and epithelial injury, the neutrophils and bronchiolar epithelium secrete IL-1, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ which induce infiltration of many neutrophils. It is thought that variable enzymes and $O_2$ radicals released by these neutrophils cause destruction of normal lung architecture and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. At the 7~28th day, TGF-${\beta}_1$, PDGF, bFGF, TNF-$\alpha$ secreted by alveolar macrophages sting pulmonary fibroblasts into proliferating with increased production of extracellular matrix and finally, they make progression of pulmonary fibrosis. TNF-$\alpha$ compares quite important with TGF-${\beta}_1$ to cause pulmonary fibrosis. Vitamine E seems to decrease the extent of BLM induced pulmonary fibrosis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.101-107
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• 1997

Phellinus linteus was artificially cultivated in kangwon province in Korea. The air-dried phellinus linteus was frozen in liquid nitrogen tank and powdered in jar. 10g of the powder was extracted with each 200g of ethanol, methanol, distilled water and 1,3-butylene glycol/distilled water 4 hours under refluxing and then the liquidextract was concentrated under reduced pressure. As a result of analysis by high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromarography, many kinds of sugar and flavonoids were detected. Also we knew that phellinus linteus' extract had a strong UV-ray absorption. In the efficacy test for applying to cosmetics, free radical scavenging effect was confirmed. As a result, 2% of sample was the most potent inhibitory effect and the free radical savenging activity, was 0.31%. This is more effective than any other meterial. In the test of antioxidative activity against lipid autoxidation, phellinus linteus' extract had a good effect by 46% while vitamine E was 42.3%. The immunological activity of phellinus linteus was showed through the activation of macrophage cell. Actually, phellinus linteus activated macrophage function of 1.1-1.8 times including nitrite production compared to control. The whitening effect of phellinus linteus was showed through the inhibition of tyrosinase activity, melanin biosynthesis of S. bikiniensis and B-16 melanoma cells. Phellinus linteus' extract was showed strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.5% and inhibited melanin biosynthesis with 28mm inhibition zone at 0.005%/paper disc in S. bikinniensis, a bacterium used as an indicator organism in this work. Also it inhibited melanin biosynthesis in B-16 melanoma cells with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.134%.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.249-255
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• 2001

Methylmalonic acidemia is a rare congenital autosomal recessive metabolic disease. It is caused by blocking in the pathways of isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine, cholesterol and odd-chain fatty acids to succinyl CoA, resulting in the increase of L-methylmalonyl CoA and methylmalonic acid. In most cases, there are symptoms such as recurrent vomitings, lethargy and laboratory abnormalities including metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia from the neonatal period. We had a 6-month-old infant with methylmalonyl acidemia who presented with recurrent vomiting episodes since 3 months of age, failure to thrive and developmental delay. The laboratory findings showed hyperammoninemia and ketotic metabolic acidosis. Plasma amino acid analysis showed nonspecific finding. Urine organic acid ananysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detected large amount of methylmalonic acid excreted in the urine. We restrained the supply of protein in the amount of 1~1.5 g/kg of body weight a day using leucine, isoleucine and valine-r-estrained milk and administered vitamine $B_{12}$, in the amount of 1mg per day. During the follow-up in the outpatient clinic, He could control his head and showed increased muscle strength.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.280-289
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• 2007

Purpose: The study was done to investigate Food and Nutrient Intakes of female college students and define differences between teen-age groups and women in their twenties. Method: The subjects of this study were 821 female college students. They were eighteen to twenty nine years old. Nutrient intakes were measured by the Moon, S. J. Scale (1980). Data was collected from June 13 to June, 27. Data was analyzed with the SPSS program by Chi-test, t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Result: Female college students' mean intake of calories, protein, fat, and carbohydrates were $1560.7{\pm}367.71kcal,\;62.0{\pm}19.03g,\;33.1{\pm}9.85g,\;and\;253.7{\pm}57.52g$ respectively. Their mean intake of calcium, phosphorus and iron were $592.9{\pm}221.82mg,\;918.2{\pm}284.24mg\;and\;13.7{\pm}4.50mg$ respectively. Intake of calories, calcium, iron and vitamine B1 were below their Percent of Recommended Intake. Nutrient intakes showed a significant difference between age groups. Teen-age female college students had more nutrient intakes than the women in their twenties. In addition, there was a difference in food consumption behaviors between the teen-age group and the twenty-something group. Conclusion: The nutrient intake of female college students changed by age. Many teen-age female college students ate breakfast well, thus their intake of calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals such as calcium, phosporus and vitamins was significantly higher than the over twenty years old students. Teen-age female college students like fruits and sugars but over twenty years college students preferred coffee. This study can be useful in directing a dietary consumption status of women to improve nutritional health.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.277-284
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• 1995

To study the shelf-life of cut cabbage kimchi, we examined the several quality characteristics of cabbage kimchi under various storage temperatures and packing materials. The pH of kimchi extracts were decreased to 4.0 in the condition of storage at 8$^{\circ}C$ during 6 days, at 4$^{\circ}C$ during 18days, 0$^{\circ}C$ during 42 days. The increase patterns of the organic acid were reverse to the changes of pH under the all conditions. The contents of reducing sugar were continuously decreased at 8$^{\circ}C$ , but increased gradually at 0$^{\circ}C$ and 4$^{\circ}C$ storage conditions. The contents of vitamine C were decreased at the early storage but increased to optimum ripening stage of pH 4.2-4.4 and after decreased continuously. The total bacterial cell counts of cabbage kimchi were increased suddenly at the early storage and after decreased gradually. And at the higher storage temperature, the more lactic acid bacteria were. On the results of sensory evaluation of cabbage kimchi at marketable shelf-life, sour taste and sour smell were significant under all experimental conditions by Duncan's multiple range test. On the above all results, we concluded that the marketable shelf-life of cut cabbage kimchi were 42 days, 19 days, 6 days at 0$^{\circ}C$, 4$^{\circ}C$, 8$^{\circ}C$ storage condition respectively.