• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1433-1439
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the vitamin A intake of exclusively breast-fed infants and to compare the value with the Recommended Dietary Allollwances(BDA) for Korean infants. We examined retinol and ${\beta}$-carotene contents of breast milk in 32 lactating women by HPLC analysis and also the consumed volume of the milk of their infants by the test-weighing method during the first 5 months of lactation. Total vitamin A contents of the milk shelved 67.3, 56.5, 51.2, 45.2, 39.0 and 34.lR.E./100m1 at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months of lactation respectively. Vitamin A intake of breast-fed infants were 320, 371, 368, 325, 292 and 251R.E/day during the five-month nursing period. Vitamin A intake per body weight of breast-fed infants was measured at 86.4, 79.8, 63.6, 49.1, 40.0 and 31.9R.E/kg/day. Body weight gain of infants was not affected by the vitamin A intake from the milk during the lactation. We conclude that breast-fed infants most likely receives vitamin A from the milk adequately compared with the RDA for Korean infants. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1433-1439, 1998)

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2006

To more accurately estimate vitamin A and vitamin E intake of Koreans, food composition databases of the tocopherol and carotenoid contents of Korean foods are needed. In this study, the tocopherol $(\alpha-,\;\gamma-,\;and\;\delta-)$ and carotenoid ($\alpha-carotene,\;\beta-carotene,\;\beta-ctyptoxanthin$, lutein, and zeaxanthin) contents of 12 Korean cooked combination foods commonly consumed by children in Kwangju, Republic of Korea, were determined using reversed-phase HPLC. All samples were obtained from 3 different households in Kwangju during summer, 2005. All cooked foods in this study had detectable quantities of $\alpha-tocopherol,\;\gamma-tocopherol$ except for shoegogimugook, and $\delta-tocopherol$ except for myulchibokkeum Doejigogibokkeum had the highest $\alpha-tocopherol$ content (0.64 mg/l00 g edible portion), and $\gamma-tocopherol\;and\;\delta-tocopherol$ contents of gimbab were the highest among the foods (1.01 and 0.26 mg/l00 g edible portion). $\beta-carotene$ was found in all food samples. Gimbab had the highest contents of $\alpha-carotene,\;\beta-carotene$, and lutein among Korean cooked combination foods (158.3, 266.6, and $375.4{\mu}g/100g$ edible portion). Miyukgook contained only $\beta-carotene$ ($2.5{\mu}g/100g$ edible portion). Considerable sample-to-sample variability in tocopherol and carotenoid compositions were observed in several Korean cooked combination foods included in this study. Some of these carotenoids $(\alpha-carotene,\;\beta-carotene,\;and\;\beta-cryptoxanthin)$ are vitamin A precursors. The findings of this study may be valuable for use in Korean databases as well as nutrient consumption research for vitamin A and vitamin E.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2018

This study analyzed the general components of rice bread with 75% rice content such as water, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate, and its nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E content, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids. The contents of crude protein were high and those of crude fat were low with the contents of crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat being 1.61, 18.50, 0.04 g/100 g respectively. Vitamin A was not detected and the contents of vitamin C and vitamin E were 3.85 and 3.04 mg/100 g, respectively. The calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and sodium contents were 222.0, 117.90, 24.12, 2.30, 555.90 mg/100 g respectively. Rice bread contains 9 essential amino acids such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, and arginine. The analysis of rice bread fatty acid showed 58.04 mg/100 g of saturated fatty acid, 26.31mg/100 g of monounsaturated fatty acid and 15.64 mg/100 g of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The total essential fatty acid content was 15.49 mg/100 g. With the rising interest in processed rice products, well-being, and diet, it is necessary to develop processed rice foods that are nutritional and low in calories using rice powder that is nutritionally better than flour.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2010

This study was carried out to assess the effect of vitamin E against the reactive oxygen species (ROS) on chemical activation of in vitro matured oocytes. Bovine oocytes were aspirated from slaughtered ovaries and transferred to maturation medium with or without vitamin E ($100\;{\mu}M$). After 22 hours of culture, oocytes with polar bodies were selected and submitted to activation treatments with or without vitamin E. After activation, oocytes were cultured in mSOF medium and rate of development was monitored. For ROS ($H_2O_2$) detection, in vitro matured and activated oocytes were selected and stained with DCFDA and observed under fluorescence microscope. The ROS contents were not significant differences in IVM rate, activation process and embryonic development to blastocysts with or without vitamin E. The cell number of blastocyst showed significant difference (p<0.05) in embryos matured and activated with vitamin E. The results of the present study demonstrated that the exposure of vitamin E in IVM and activation process improved the quality of embryos evaluated by the cell number of blastocysts.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.570-576
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• 2003

스트레스에 의해서 생체는 에너지 대사를 증가시키며, 에너지 대사의 증가는 높은 반응성의 ROS를 생성한다. ROS는 높은 반응성으로 인해 지질, 단백질 등을 과산화시켜 원래의 활성을 잃게 한다. 이런 ROS에 대해서 높은 소거능을 지닌 vitamin I의 투여는 스트레스로 인한 생체내 산화적 손상을 억제할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이런 효능을 확인하기 위하여 실험용 흰 쥐에게 4주간의 noise 및 고정화 스트레스를 가한 결과, 스트레스를 가함으로서 체중증가량을 감소시켰으며, 스트레스 지표 물질인 5-HIAA와 혈청내 유리 지방산의 증가 및 뇌조직의 산화적 손상이 증가되어 정상적으로 스트레스가 가해졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, vitamin E 투여군의 경우 혈청내에서의 vitamin E 농도가 유의적으로 증가하여 정상적인 vitamin E의 투여도 이루어졌음을 확인하였다. Vitamin E의 투여는 스트레스로 인한 체중 증가량의 감소를 억제하였으며, 또한 뇌조직의 단백질 및 지질의 산화적 손상을 억제하는 효능을 보였으며, SOD의 활성 또한 증가시키는 효능을 나타냈다. 따라서, vitamin E 투여는 스트레스로 인하여 발생하는 뇌조직의 산화적 손상을 억제함으로서 스트레스에 대한 방어 효능이 일부 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2010

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (1.1-5.6%) and vitamin E (70 and 400 mg/kg) on the growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish. Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (17% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of n-3 HUFA and vitamin E. Diets 1, 2 and 3 consist of 400 mg vitamin E/kg diet with graded levels of 1.1, 3.0, and 5.6% n-3 HUFA, respectively. Graded levels of n-3 HUFA (1.1, 3.0, and 4.0%) were added in diets 4, 5 and 6, respectively, containing 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet each. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance of rockfish was affected by neither dietary n-3 HUFA nor vitamin E levels. Feed efficiency and hepatosomatic index were slightly decreased (P<0.05) with increment of dietary n-3 HUFA at each dietary vitamin E level. Dietary vitamin E and n-3 HUFA levels did not affect proximate composition and vitamin E concentration in the dorsal muscle of rockfish. Liver moisture and crude protein contents positively related to dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Liver lipid content and hematocrit value were significantly decreased (P<0.05) by increasing dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) concentrations in the dorsal muscle significantly correlated to dietary n-3 HUFA levels, except for fish fed the diet 6 containing 4% n-3 HUFA and 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet. EPA concentration in the dorsal muscle of fish fed the diet 6 was significantly lower than that of fish fed the diets 2, 3 and 5. The present findings suggest that feeding of diets containing excessive n-3 HUFA level with varying addition of vitamin E may alter fatty acid composition in the dorsal muscle, but do not affect growth of juvenile rockfish.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 국내에서 소비되고 있는 해조류와 채소류의 비타민 E와 K 함량을 분석하고, 사용된 분석법의 유효성과 분석품질관리를 통해 분석 데이터의 신뢰성을 확보하여 식품 영양성분 데이터베이스 구축을 위한 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 해조류의 비타민 E는 α-tocopherol만 검출되었으며 이들의 활성은 0.15-1.14 mg α-TE/100 g으로 해조류의 종류와 조리 방법에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 해조류에서 비타민 E는 건조된 매생이(dried)가 1.14 mg α-TE/100 g으로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 비타민 K는 건조 미역이 1,629.50 ㎍/100 g으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 채소류의 경우, 비타민 E 활성은 0.01-2.48 mg α-TE/100 g으로 나타났으며, 가열처리 방법에 따라 비타민 E 함량이 변화하였다. 채소류의 비타민 K1 함량은 16.15-979.60 ㎍/100 g의 범위를 나타내었다. 비타민 K1 은 초록 잎을 가진 시료에서 주로 검출되었으며, 뿌리 채소에서는 검출되지 않았다. 본 연구에서 사용된 비타민 E와 K의 분석법에 대한 검증은 정확성, 정밀성, 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계를 평가하였으며, 분석품질관리를 통하여 분석 기간 동안 모든 시료에 대한 분석이 신뢰성 있게 진행되었음을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 분석된 해조류와 채소류의 비타민 E와 K 데이터는 국가표준식품성분표 개정을 위한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.651-657
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• 1993

납중독된 흰주에 항산화적 방어와 조혈기능에 미치는 식이 vitamin E와 Se의 상호보완에 의한 상승효과를 관찰코져 체중이 $150{\pm}5g$ 되는 Sprague-Dawley종의 흰쥐 수컷에 납을 투여하지 않은 대조군과 2000ppm의 납을 식이중에 투여하면서 vitamin E 함량과 Se의 첨가에 따라 OE(vitamin E, omg/kg diet ; Se, 0), 40E(vitamin E, 40mg/kg diet ; Se, 0), 200E(vitamin E, 200mg/kg diet ; Se, 0), 200ES(vitamin E, 200mg/kg diet ; Se, 0.5ppm), OES(vitamin E, 0mg/kg diet ; Se, 0.5ppm)군으로 나누어 4주간 사육한 후 간조직 중의 항산화적 방어효소계 활성 및 생리적 항산화물질의 함량과 과산화지질량을 측정하고 조혈기능을 관찰하였다. Hb함량과 Hct는 200ES군을 제외한 모든군이 대조군에 비해 감소되었으며 특히 0E군이 가장 낮았다. 혈액의 ALAD활성은 대조군에 비해 200ES, 200E, 0ES, 40E 및 0E군 순위로 낮았으며 간조직 중의 ALAD 활성도 비슷한 경향이었다. 뇨중 ALA의 배설은 ALAD활성과 반대의 현상이었다. 간조직 중의 SOD 활성은 40E, 200E, 200ES 등에서는 대조군보다 다소 증가되었으나 OE군에서는 감소되었다. GPX 활성은 0E, 40E군에서는 감소 되었으나 0ES, 200E 및 200ES군은 현저하게 증가되었으며 특히 200ES군은 0E, 40E의 약 4배정도 높았다. GST활성은 비슷한 경향이었다. 간조직 중의 vitamin E는 납의 투여로 대조군에 비해 감소되었으나 200E 및 200ES군에서는 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 간조직 중의 GSH 함량은 대조군에 비해 0E, 40E에서 가장 낮았으며 GSSG는 그 반대의 현상이였다. 간조직 중의 지질과 산화량은 대조군에 비해 0E, 0ES, 40E, 200E군에서 각각 6.4, 23.9, 2.1, 1.3배씩 높았으나 200ES군은 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 식이 중의 항산화제의 적절한 첨가는 납중독으로 인한 과산화적 손상과 조혈저해작용을 현저하게 완화시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of vitamin E on the cadmium contents of bone and on the calcium and phosphorous contents of the blood, urine and feces. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. The cadmium poisoned groups consisted of a vitamin E free diet (Cd-0E) group; a 40 mg vitamin E /kg diet (Cd-40E) group; and a 400 mg/kg diet (Cd-400E) group. Experimental animals were maintained on their respective diets for 20 weeks and were simultaneously administered 50 ppm $Cd^{2+}$ dissolved in the drinking water. At the end of the trial, the average hematocrit value in the Cd-0E group was 28.13% lower than in the normal group. However, the average hematocrit value in the Cd-400E group was significantly higher than in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups. WBC levels in the cadmium-poisoned groups were lower than in the normal group, but Cd-400E group levels were significantly higher than in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups. The contents of calcium of tibia has no significant difference between normal group and cadmium exposed group at $10^{th}$ week After 20 weeks, the calcium contents of the tibia in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups were lower than in the normal group by 25.5% and 22.1 %, respectively, although the calcium contents of the tibia in the Cd-400E group were higher than in the normal group. After 10 weeks, the calcium contents of the femur in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups were 19.25% and 15.45% lower than in the normal group, respectively, but the calcium contents of the femur in the Cd-400E group were at the same levels as in the normal group. The levels of calcium in the femur after 20 weeks were similar to the 10-week levels. Calcium levels of the urine in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups were 3.92 fold and 2.92 fold higher, respectively, than in the normal group, but levels in the Cd-400E group were significantly lower than in either the Cd-0E group or the Cd-40E group. Calcium levels of the feces in cadmium-poisoned groups were significantly higher than in the normal group, although levels in the Cd-400E group were significantly lower than in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups. Phosphorous levels of the blood in the Cd-0E group were 17% lower than in the normal group, although levels in the Cd-400E group were significantly higher than in the Cd-0E group. Phosphorous levels of the urine in the Cd-0E and Cd-40E groups were significantly higher than in the normal group, while Cd-400E group levels were found to be at the same level as in the normal group. Cadmium contents of the tibia in the Cd-40E and Cd-400E groups were 13% and 17% lower, respectively, than in the Cd-0E group. Regarding cadmium levels in the femur, only the Cd-400E group achieved lower levels (10% lower) than the Cd-0E group. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation resulted in a suppression of the release of calcium from bone, and a reduction in the excretion of calcium via the urine and feces, thus having a normalizing effect on calcium metabolism in rats with chronic cadmium poisoning.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.713-720
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• 2017

본 연구는 파프리카와 고추 간의 품종별, 색깔별로 나누어 조리방법에 따라 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산의 함량을 비교하고자 하였다. 또한, 4종류의 시료를 서로 다른 조리방법(삶기, 굽기, 볶기, 튀기기, 찌기, 로스팅, 전자레인지)을 사용하였고, 이를 통해 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산의 잔존율과 각각의 함량에 대한 색, 종류, 조리방법의 상관성을 조사하였다. 파프리카와 고추는 모두 조리과정에서 중량이 감소하였다. 베타카로틴, 엽산의 함량은 색깔, 종류, 조리방법의 영향을 받았고(P<0.05), 비타민 E의 함량은 영향을 크게 받지 않았다. 조리 전 시료의 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산 함량(mg/100 g) 범위는 각각 95.4(풋고추)~2,441.1(홍고추), 0.7(녹색 파프리카)~4.2(적색 파프리카), 6.2(풋고추)~148.7(홍고추)로 나타났다. 조리 후 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산의 함량은 각각 튀긴 홍고추, 로스팅한 홍고추, 삶은 홍고추에서 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 잔존율의 경우 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산이 각각 77.3(홍고추-삶기)~356.4(풋고추-로스팅)%, 2.0(홍고추-전자레인지)~789.3(녹색 파프리카-튀기기)%, 20.9(홍고추-전자레인지)~445.1(풋고추-찌기)% 범위로 나타났다. 홍고추를 제외한 나머지 모든 시료에서 베타카로틴, 비타민 E, 엽산이 조리방법에 상관없이 75% 이상의 높은 잔존율을 보였다. 홍고추의 비타민 E와 엽산은 튀기기와 전자레인지에서 2.0~32.1% 범위로 낮은 잔존율을 보였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합해 보았을 때 파프리카와 고추의 조리 전후에 대한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각하며, 전자레인지를 이용한 조리방법에 따른 영양소 파괴에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.