• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.511-515
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• 2010

It was conducted to assess GABA(${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid) producing capacity and vitamin contents of germinated brown rice soaked in different soaking solutions. For germination, samples were soaked in 5% glutamic acid solution and 5% lactic acid solution as test group to investigate GABA producing capacity, and samples soaked in the solution without glutamic acid and lactic acid were set as control groups(rice and non-germinated brown rice). The GABA contents of the samples were $44.80\;{\mu}g/g$ for rice, $59.90\;{\mu}g/g$ for non-germinated brown rice, $146.70\;{\mu}g/g$ for germinated brown rice, $203.20\;{\mu}g/g$ for germinated brown rice soaked in glutamic acid solution and $222.5\;{\mu}g/g$ for germinated brown rice soaked in lactic acid solution, resulting in a significant difference(p<0.05). GABA producing capacity was enhanced by the addition of glutamic acid and lactic acid in the soaking solution for brown rice germination. The GABA contents of the germinated brown rice soaked in lactic acid solution greatly increased, along with increases in niacin and vitamin E contents without losing vitamin $B_1$. In conclusion, the addition of lactic acid in soaking solution is most suitable for germination of brown rice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.189-192
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• 1972

Biochemical studies such as growth rate, blood cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents in various organs of albino male rats were studied both in the instant food (Ramyon) and rice diet fed groups. The conclusion was as the followings: 1) Either single ramyon or rice fed rats were not shown growth rate properly. In supplementation of 10% or 20% protein on ramyon, growth rate was a little increased than that of the rice diet group. 2) No essential difference of vitamin C contents in various organs was observed between ramyon and rice diet fed rats. Serum vitamin C level of the rice diet group was shown higher than that of the ramyon group. 3) Blood cholesterol level of ramyon fed rats was higher than that of the rice diet group, whether single or protein supplemented diet was fed. 4) Liver lipid contents showed higher in the rice diet group than in the instant ramyon group.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1998

To investigate the effects of antioxidative vitamins in combination with various fatty acids on breast cancer cell proliferation, MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells were cultured for 3 days in the serum-free Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM) supplemented with 1.25mg/ml delipidized bovine serum albumin and 10㎍/ml insulin. Alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid or both vitamins were added to the medium at the concentrations of 10 and 50μM in the presence of 3μg/ml of oletic(Oa), linoleic(LA) α-linoleinic(LNA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Cell growth was reduced significantly by α-tocopherol in a dose-dependent manner, but not affected by ascorbic aicd. The four different fatty acids did not have significant effects on cell growth, although DHA exerted inhibitory effect on the growth after 1 day. However, the each fatty acid was well incorporated into celluar lipid as such or elongated forms. Addition of α-tocopherol remarkably increased its celluar contents and reduced cellular levels of thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS) that were elevated notably in the presence of DHA in the culture media. But ascorbic acid addition did not change much of either cellular α-tocopherol or TBARS contents. northern blot hybridization showed that tumor supressor gene ρ53 was most highly expressed by the combination of ρ-tocopherol and DHA in 8 hours of cell culture. In conclusion , the growth inhibitory effect of vitamin E suggests that breast cancer cell proliferation is reduced by the mechanism other than cytotoxicity of lipid peroxide and it is related to expressionof tumor supprosser gene p53, that can be increased by both vitamin E and n-3 fatty acid, DHA.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.829-833
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• 2004

표고버섯(IfHDHHS efodes)조미료 중의 조성물질의 성분을 규명하고자 무기질, 구성아미노산, 유리아미노산, 비타민 등을 분석 검토한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 무기질은 Na가 5.04g%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있고, K, Ca, p, Mg, fe, Zn, Mn, Cu의 순으로 함유되어 있었다. 구성 아미노산을 분석한 결과 총 19종의 아미노산을 함유하고 있었고 인체에 필수한 9종의 아미노산을 모두 함유하고 있었으며, glutamic acid가 4.62%로 가장 많았었고 그 다음으로 glysine, leucine, alanine, aspartic acid, lysine, valine, proline 등의 순으로 함유되어 있으며 그 중 필수아미노산의 총함량은 41.78%였다. 또한 유리 아미노산은 20종으로 분석되었으며 glycine, glutamic acid, asparamine, proline, taurine과 aspartic acid, arginine, leucine, threonine과 serine phenylalanine 등의 순으로 함유되어 있으며 총 함유량은 71.9 mg%이었으며 인체 필수아미노산의 총 함유량은 12.80%이었다. 비타민의 경우 괴혈병의 치료제로 많이 알려져 있는 vitamin C가 224.78 mg%로 가장 많고 판토텐산은 159.09 mg%, vitamin B6 15.08 mg%, 나이아신 3.19 mg%, vitamin E 1.51 mg%, 엽산 1.14 mg%, vitamin B$_{l}$ 1.10 mg%, vitamin B$_{2}$ 0.44 mg%, vitamin D$_{3}$ 0.28 mg%, vitamin A 0.15 mg%, vitamin B$_{12}$ 0.04 mg%, vitamin $K_{l}$ 이 0.02 mg%으로 비타민의 총 함유량은 506.82mg%이었다.다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to evaluate nutritional status and dietary intake of vitamin A in 5th and 6th grade primary school children in Chungbuk. Also the relationships between nutritional status and factors relevant to dietary intake of vitamin A were examined. For the study, total 180 children in urban area of Chongju city(37 boys and 40 girls) and rural area of Eumsong gun(56 boys and 47 girls) were recruited. For the assessment of dietary nutrients intake including vitamin A, 1-day, 24-hr recall method was applied. And serum retinol contents were analyzed by HPLC to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A. The average of daily vitamin A intake was 490R.E., 81.8% of RDA. Vitamin A intake of urban was higher than that of rural children(p < 0.001). Of the total dietary vitamin A intake, only 25.8% came from animal retinol, means that children still heavily depend on plant carotenoids as vitamin A floods. The average serum retinol concentration of total 180 children was 37.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml. Serum retinol concentration of urban children was 37.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1, significantly higher than rural children of 35.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1(p < 0.05). According to the biochemical criteria, no one was in critical vitamin A nutritional status. Because of relatively large day-to-day vitamin A intake, 1-day, 24-hr recall method may not be the proper way to assess the usual intake of vitamin A. In conclusion , to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A by dietary survey, it is necessary to develop new survey technique which measure the dietary habit of the people.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2011

Effects of roasting on vitamin E content, color, microstructure and moisture of peanuts, and vitamin E content in peanut oils prepared from the roasted peanuts were investigated. Runner-type peanuts were roasted at 140, 150, and $160^{\circ}C$ for 10-20 min. As roasting temperature and time increased, the CIELAB $L^*$ value of peanuts decreased while $a^*$ and $b^*$ values increased, resulting in formation of the golden brown color of roasted peanuts. Moisture ratio (M/Mo) and color $b^*$ value of peanuts roasted at 140 to $160^{\circ}C$ showed a correlation of $b^*=21.61\;(M/Mo)^2-40.62\;(M/Mo)+34.12$ ($R^2=0.9123$). Overall changes in the tocopherol contents of peanuts and peanut oils were significantly affected by roasting temperature and time (p<0.05). Roasting at $140^{\circ}C$ caused a slight increase in the levels of tocopherols of peanuts over roasting time up to 20 min (p<0.05). There was no significant change in the tocopherol levels of peanuts during roasting at $150^{\circ}C$ for 20 min (p>0.05). At $160^{\circ}C$, the levels of tocopherols significantly decreased during the initial 10 min of roasting (p<0.05) while there was no extended loss after 10 min, resulting in about 5, 12, 20, and 10% losses of ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, ${\gamma}$- and ${\delta}$-T, respectively. After 20 min, total tocopherols decreased by 18%. However, tocopherol contents of pressed peanut oils significantly decreased at all roasting temperatures (p<0.05). After roasting peanuts at $160^{\circ}C$ for 20 min, about 84% of initial ${\alpha}$-T in peanut oils was retained. ${\alpha}$-T was the most stable to roasting while ${\gamma}$-T was the least. Swollen epidermal cells on the inner surface and broken cell walls of parenchyma tissue of peanut cotyledon were observed in peanuts after roasting at $160^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. Severe changes in microstructure of peanut by roasting would contribute to vitamin E stability because of exposure of oil droplets in peanuts to oxygen.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1583-1587
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fertilizer application on the content of functional materials, such as fatty acids and organic acids in perilla leaves. (1) As compared to the controlled with Ammonium sulfate fertilizer, the yield of Perilla frutescens leaves increased by 7.3% and 12.8% of biomass at 2000 and 1000 times liquid respectively, but decreased by 7.6% at 500 times. The lipid and protein contents of perilla leaves were higher than those of Portunus trituberculatus liquid at 1000 times. The average contents of minerals (mg/100g) were as follows; K (638.4) > Ca (561.6) > P (145.4) > Mg (133.5) > Fe (36.2) > Zn (1.9) > Mn (1.6) > Na (1.4 mg). However, the correlation between the controlled with P. trituberculatus liquid was relatively low. (2) The fat-soluble vitamin E content of P. frutescens leaves was 3.4, 3.9, 3.3, and 3.9 mg in the controlled with liquid by 500, and 1000, 2000 times respectively; Vitamin A contents were 6.4, 8.9, 10.9, and 8.5 mg respectively, which was more than twice as much as the corresponding vitamin E content. The water soluble vitamin C contents were 177.9, 172.6, 195.2, and 163.5 mg respectively. (3) Amino acid contents of P. frutescens leaves in 100 g of fresh weight were 3821.7 mg in the controlled with Ammonium sulfate fertilizer and 3918.8, 4054.0, and 4005.4 mg in the controlled with P. trituberculatus liquid at 2,000, 1000, 500 times respectively. Amino acid contents of each controlled group with P. trituberculatus liquid above were as small as 2.5~6.1%, and these contents of amino acid were as follows: Glutaminic acid > Aspartic acid > Leucine > Arginine > Phenylalanine. In further study, it is necessary to develop an effective microorganism and a variety of amino acid fertilizer to supplement the study on new manufacturing.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 화장품과 의약품 분야에서 항산화 물질로 널리 사용되고 있는 지용성 비타민인 vitamin E acetate (VEA, tocopheryl acetate)를 이용한 스킨토너 제형의 나노 입자 크기의 에멀젼을 제조하고, 이 에멀젼을 이용해 ICR outbred albino mice (12주령 약 50 g, 암컷) 피부로의 VEA 침투와 receptor phase 조성에 따른 VEA의 용해도 차이에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. VEA를 0.07 wt% 함유한 nano-emulsion의 입자는 에탄올(ethanol, EtOH) 함량이 많을수록 그 크기가 커지는 경향을 보였고 계면활성제 함량이 많은 경우 크기가 작아지는 것을 확인하였다. Receptor phase에서 적절한 EtOH 함량이 VEA의 용해도를 증가시켰다. EtOH 함량이 5.0, 40.0 wt%인 경우보다 10.0, 20.0 wt% 일 때 VEA의 용해도가 높은 것을 확인하였다. Receptor phase의 계면활성제 종류 역시 VEA 용해도에 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 화학구조와 HLB값이 다른 세 가지 계면활성제를 비교한 결과 sorbitan sesquioleate (Arlacel 83; HLB 3.7) > POE (10) hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-10; HLB 6.5) > sorbitan monostearate (Arlacel 60; HLB 4.7)순으로 VEA에 대한 용해도가 증가하였다. Receptor phase에 첨가된 산화 방지제 종류에 따라서도 VEA의 용해도는 차이를 보였다. Ascorbic acid를 함유한 시료는 EDTA-2Na가 첨가된 시료보다 VEA 용해도가 높았고 이 두 가지 산화방지제를 혼합한 시료와 초기에 비슷한 용해도를 보였지만 시간이 지남에 따라 양상이 달라져 최종 24 h 뒤에는 2배 정도의 높은 용해도를 보였다. 네 가지 다른 함량의 VEA 함유 nano-emulsion을 이용하여 쥐 피부 Franz diffusion cell 실험을 수행한 결과 EtOH 함량이 10.0 wt%인 경우에 128.8 ${\mu}g/cm^2$으로 VEA가 가장 높게 검출되었다. 이것은 초기 VEA 투입량인 220.057 ${\mu}g/cm^2$과 비교하여 58.53 %가 투과된 것으로 EtOH 함량이 1.0, 20.0 wt%인 에멀젼과 비교해 볼 때 각각 45 %, 15 %씩 높았다. 동일한 EtOH 농도로 제조한 에멀젼과 비교했을 때, 0.5 wt% 계면활성제를 사용한 에멀젼의 입자 크기는 계면활성제 0.007 wt% 에멀젼 입자 크기의 1/20 정도인 26.0 nm로 매우 작았다. 하지만 쥐 피부를 투과하는 VEA의 양은 54.848 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ 로 128.8 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ 의 투과량을 보인 0.007 wt% 계면활성제 함유 에멀젼보다 적었다. 이상의 결과들로 VEA를 함유한 nano-emulsion의 피부 투과도와 receptor phase 조성에 따른 VEA의 용해도 차이를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들을 이용하여 VEA를 피부 내로 침투시키는 데 필요한 최적의 조건을 확립할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.771-777
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 국내 농산가공식품의 비타민 E 함량을 측정하여 각 식품군에서 비타민 E 함량을 분석하고 이에 대한 분석법을 검증하고자 하였다. 곡류 및 곡류 가공품에서는 쌀이 첨가된 시리얼이 $17.53{\alpha}-TE/100g$으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 과자류에서는 땅콩 샌드가 $12.84{\alpha}-TE/100g$으로, 과일류에서는 골드키위가 $1.52{\alpha}-TE/100g$으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 유지류에서는 들기름이 $8.15{\alpha}-TE/100g$으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며 소스 및 향신료에서는 고춧가루가 $27.53{\alpha}-TE/100g$으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 분석방법을 검증하기 위하여 정확성과 정밀성을 측정하였으며 분석관리차트를 작성하여 결과 값을 관리하였다. 표준참고물질을 사용하여 측정한 정확성은 각각 99.99%, 90.70%로 나타내었고, 정밀성은 반복성이 2.04%, 재현성이 4.69%로 우수한 값을 나타내어 본 실험방법이 적합한 시험법임이 검증되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1973

마늘은 강장(强壯), 강정(强精) 식품으로 인정되어 왔으나 그 원인은 아직 미지이다. 여기에는 비타민 E와 밀접한 연관성이 있는 Se 함유아미노산에 기인됨을 가정하고 병아리에 비타민 E, Se 및 마늘을 투여하여 각 장기에 대한 Se 의 함량을 조사하였다. 마늘을 투여한 동물은 Se 및 비타민 E와 Se 투여군보다 Se 함량이 많으며 특히 정소에는 수배이나 축적됨으로 정력제로 될수 있는 요인이 된다고 본다. 쥐에 Se를 $2\;{\mu}g/ml\;(Na_2SeO_3\;Na_2SeO_4)$ 투여하여 성장 및 생존에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Se 투여군에서 숫쥐는 성장 및 치사에 영향이 없지만 암쥐는 성장이 훨씬 저하되었다. 본 실험결과 마늘이 정력제에 작용을 하는 것은 Se 함유 아미노산 함량이 풍부함으로 이것이 비타민 E의 작용과 같이 불임(不姙)을 막고 노쇠한 모세혈관을 회복시키는 역할을 상승시켜 주는 것으로 간주된다. 여기서는 Se, 비타민 E, 마늘에 대한 동물의 기능에 영향을 관찰 한 것을 보고 한다.