• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.672-680
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• 2020

This study was conducted to effectively supplement vitamin D and increase the consumption of ear mushroom based on the investigation of the quality characteristics of cookies containing ear mushroom supplemented with vitamin D. Cookies were made of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% ear mushroom powder treated by ultraviolet B. Increased addition of ear mushroom powder led to a decrease in the bulk density of the dough as well as a spread factor, color value, and hardness of the cookies. There was no significant difference in the loss rate, but the water content of the dough and cookies was increased. The total polyphenol content of cookies added with 1~5% ear mushroom powder was higher than that of the 0%. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of cookies added with 5% ear mushroom powder (23.8%) was 2 times higher than that of the 0% (10.9%). The vitamin D2 content of cookies added with 5% ear mushroom powder (835.5 ㎍/100 g D.W.) was 44 times higher than that of the 0% (19.0 ㎍/100 g D.W.). Consequently, ear mushroom powder is considered to be suitable for the production of functional cookies because of high values of antioxidant activity and vitamin D2 content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2007

Lipid peroxidation is one of the main manifestations of oxidative damage and has been found to play an important role in the toxicity and carcinogenesis of many carcinogens. This study was carried out to determine the effects of vitamin C on lipid contents and fatty acid compositions of serum and liver in male rats treated with radiation or aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$. Six week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups; control group, radiation exposed group, $AFB_1$ treated group, X-ray and $AFB_1$ co-treated group. Three groups, except control group, were each further divided into vitamin C administered group and not administered groups. For this study, vitamin C was injected with 10 mg/kg of body weight by intraperitoneal injection and 1 hr later, 0.4 mg/kg of $AFB_1$ was injected by the same method. These administrations were repeated every 3 days over a period of 15 days. Only one time, X-ray was irradiated on whole liver with 1,500 cGy. Then vitamin C and AFB1 were administered by the same level and same method described above. On the 16th day of treatments, the animals were sacrificed. From the analysis of the serum lipid patterns, significant decrease (p<0.01) in triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol levels were observed in X-ray and $AFB_1$ co treated group administered with vitamin C (group 7). In liver lipids, the levels of free cholesterol and total cholesterol were also decreased in X-ray and $AFB_1$ co treated group administered with vitamin C (group 7). The levels of serum free cholesterol and hepatic TG were not significantly different among all groups according to vitamin C administrations. The high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level of serum was significantly (p<0.01) increased while the low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level was decreased in X-ray and $AFB_1$ co treated group administered with vitamin C (group 7). In the phospholipid fatty-acid compositions of serum and liver tissue, group 3, 5 and 7 showed an increase in polyunsaturated fatty-acid (PUFA) but a decrease in saturated fatty acid (SFA) when compared to the control group. The composition ratio of fatty acid varied according to vitamin C administration. These results suggested that vitamin C has partly suppressive effects on lipid contents and fatty acid composition of serum and liver in rats treated by radiation and $AFB_1$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.443-452
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• 1994

This study describes the effects of novel1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D$_3$ analong[1,25(OH)$_2$-16ene-23yne-26, 27-F6-D$_3$] on proliferation of the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 in vitro. We also examined the expression of c-myc oncogene in U937 cells was apparently inhibited to 62% and 87% of the control level after 4 days in the presence of 10-8M and 10-7 M of this analog, respectively. This compound morpholgically and functionally differentiated U937 cells to nonocyte-macrophage phenotype showing the increase of adherence ability to surface and a decrease of N/C ratio in Giemsa staining . Especially, nonspecific esterase activity which is a marker of cell differentiation to monocyte-macrophage was positive, and production of the positive stained cells increased in a dose dependent fashion . The expression of c-myc oncogene by 1, 25(OH)$_2$D$_3$ analog(10-7 M) was reduced by 60% at the mRNA level as determined by Northern blotting. The effects of this novel analog on cell proliferation and cell differentiation may open op new therapeutic strategies for human disorders such as psoriassis and may provide a tool to understand the mechanism of action of vitamin D$_3$ seco-steroids in malignancy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2004

This study was carried out to analysis the composition of fruit body of Morchella esculenta (MEF) to determine the possibility of medical and edible use. The nutritional compositions of MEF were as follows ; The contnt (g%) of crude fat, carbohydrate, crude protein were 3.8, 43.5 and 29.7, respectively. Potassium concentration in MEF was high up to 3558.0 mg% and Ca, Mg, Fe, Na and Zn were followed. There were 23 amino acids in MEF The content of glutamic acid was high up to 1433.0 mg% and leucine, alanine, arginine valine and theronine were followed. Since MEF contains 25 free amino acids, it will be a favorable food stuff. The content of Vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, , Vitamin$B_2$, Vitamin $B_6$, Vitamin C, Vitamin $BD_3$, Vitamin E and Vitamin $K_1$, were 2.23 $\mug%$, 0.13 mg%, 0.07 mg%, 0.27 mg%, 0.17 mg%, 52.27 $\mug%$, 5.26 mg% and 3.23 $\mug%$, respectively. MEF will have a good anti-aging effect due to content of Vitamin C and Vitamin E.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.705-712
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• 2008

Sixteen multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used to compare effects of supplementing 1)no additive(Control), 2)1.2% sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO3); 3)niacin(80g/d), 4)vitamin A+E (140,000IU+1000IU) on feed intake, milk production, milk composition and somatic cell counts during the summer months. Insofar as possible, treatment groups were balanced for lactation number and days in milk. Cows were fed a diet of 9.1kg DM of concentrate and 10.2kg DM of corn silage. Daily maximum air temperature in free stall barn was 35℃ for 3 days of the pretreatment periods and decreased gradually up to 27℃ during the treatment periods of 15days. Dry matter intake of corn silage was higher(p<0.05) for cows consuming NaHCO3 than those not consuming NaHCO3. Daily milk production for niacin and vitamin A+E supplementations resulted in significant(p<0.001) increase in milk production from 3 day of trials than control and NaHCO3. Milk fat percentage tended(p=0.09) to increase and milk lactose percentage was increased significantly(p<0.001) for cows supplemented with NaHCO3, niacin and vitamin A+E. Milk protein percentages was higher significantly(p<0.05) with supplemental niacin and somatic cell counts was higher significantly(p<0.001) with supplemental vitamin A+E. These data strongly suggest that supplementation of NaHCO3, niacin or vitamin A+E should be increased for improving milk production and mammary gland health of dairy cows under heat stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 1988

Riboflavin, Ascorbin Acid & Vitamin D status of 74 elderly Korean (35 men and 39 women)from urban households in Incheon were evaluated by blood analysis. Mean EGR-AC value of men was 1.05 while that of women was 1.03. Marginal deficiency of riboflavin(EGR-AC 1.15-1.35) was shown in 33.3% of men and 20% of women. Average plasma ascorbic acid contents of subjects were very low and men had significantly lower amount than women(0.23mg/㎗ vs 0.44mg/㎗). The percentages of subjects who had plasma ascorbic acid less than 0.4mg/㎗ were 88.9% of men and 45% of women. Mena serum Calcium, Inorganic phosphate contents and mean serum ALP activity of men were 9.97mg/㎗, 3.28mg/㎗ and 61.85 Unit/L respectively and those of women were 9.78mg/㎗, 3.49mg/㎗ and 67.80Unit/L respectively. From these results, Vitamin D status of subjects was considered to be normal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.308-312
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• 1997

Incidence of retained placenta in dairy cows was investigated in 120 parturitions. Prior to calving, cows were allotted into four groups; 1) control, 2) the infection of Vitamin E (500 IU), 3) the injection of selenium (40 mg), and 4) the infection of Vitamin E (500 IU) and selenium (40 mg). Selenium (Se) and Vitamin E were injected intramusculary 20 d prior to the estimated calving date. No effects of Se or Vitamin E administration alone was observed for number of service per conception, conception rate, and estrus rate (p > 0.05). But the Vitamin E administration with Se significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the incidence of retained placenta and the days required for calving the first service. Incidence of retained placenta was not significantly (p > 0.05) influenced by parity, but it was significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by season, especially, increased during July and August. Concentration of Se in plasma was not significantly (p > 0.05) changed during peripartum period whether the treatment. The results of this study on retained placenta suggest that this disorder will be reduced by the administration of Se and Vitamin E prior to calving in dairy cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1164-1170
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• 2008

In this study, the effects of propolis and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) supplementation in diets were investigated on feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion rate (FCR) and digestibility and on egg production and qualities (weight, mortality, shell thickness) in laying hens exposed to heat stress. A total of 150 Hyline White Leghorn, aged 42 weeks, hens was divided into five groups of 30 hens. Chicks were randomly divided into 1 positive control, 1 control and 3 treatment groups. The chicks were kept in cages in temperature-controlled rooms at $22^{\circ}C$ for 24 h/d (positive control, Thermoneutral, TN group) or $34^{\circ}C$ for 9 h/d from 08.00-17.00 h followed by $22^{\circ}C$ for 15 h (control, heat stress, HS group) and fed a basal diet or basal diet supplemented with vitamin C (250 mg/kg of L- ascorbic acid/kg of diet) or two levels of propolis (2 and 5 g of ethanol extracted propolis/kg of diet). Increased FI (p<0.05) and improvement in FCR (p<0.05), hen day egg (p<0.05) and egg weight (p<0.05) were found in Vitamin C and propolis-supplemented laying hens reared under heat stress conditions. Mortality rate was higher in the control group than TN, vitamin C and propolis groups (p<0.05). Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and ether extract improved with increasing of both dietary vitamin C and propolis (p<0.05). Vitamin C or propolis supplementation did not affect either the percentage shape index, yolk index or haugh unit and albumen index (p>0.05). However, the egg shell thickness and egg shell weight appeared to be increased in Vitamin C and propolis groups in comparison to HS group birds (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of laying hens with anti-oxidants (vitamin C and propolis) can attenuate heat stress-induced oxidative damage. These positive effects were evidenced by increased growth performance and digestibility, improvement of egg shell thickness and egg weight in comparison to non-supplemented birds. Moreover, supplementation with propolis (5 g/kg diet) was the most efficient treatment.

• Atmosphere
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2011

In this study, we have analyzed the radiative characteristics of erythemal ultraviolet-B (EUV-B from 1999 to 2005) over the Korean Peninsula. EUV-B measured at Gangneung, Anmyondo, Mokpo, and Gosan represents the measurements from clean areas and that at Seoul represents from a polluted area. The magnitudes of EUV-B increase in proportion to the latitudinal decrease. Monthly mean variation of EUV-B at noon shows the maximum value of $158.5mWm^{-2}$ in August and the minimum value of $36.4mWm^{-2}$ in December in the clean areas. Seasonal mean diurnal variation of EUV-B shows a peak around noon (12:00 ~ 13:00 hr) and its intensity varies along with a season in order of summer > spring > fall > winter. The maximum value of $56.4mWm^{-2}$ in summer is three times higher than that in winter ($14.3mWm^{-2}$). The value of EUV-B in the polluted area is lower than that in the clean areas, resulting from the effects of the blocking, reflection, and scattering of EUV-B due to high concentrations of PM10. UV-B is an essential element to synthesize vitamin D in human body. 200 IU(International Unite) of vitamin D can be formed by an exposure of 6-10% of body surface area to 0.5 MED(Minimal Erythemal Dose). In order to form vitamin D, the calculated exposure times to EUV-B are 15 min. in spring, 12 min. in summer, 18 min. in fall, and 37 min. in winter for the clean areas and 16, 16, 24, and 37 min. for the polluted area.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.111-115
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• 2008

Vitamin D-dependent rickets(VDDR) is a rare autosomal disorder, characterized by hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, increased alkaline phosphatase, secondary hyperparathyroidism and many other clinical features. Type I VDDR is due to congenital defects of renal 1${\alpha}$-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of 25-(OH)D3 to 1,25-$(OH)_2D3$. Type II VDDR arise from target organ resistance to 1,25-$(OH)_2D3$. Unilateral renal aplasia is generally thought to result from a lack of induction of the metanephric blastema from the ureteral bud, which may be secondary to ureteral bud maldevelopment and/or to a problem with the formation of the mesonephric duct. The incidence of unilateral renal aplasia is approximately 1/500-3,200. Type 1 VDDR associated with unilateral renal aplasia has not been reported yet. Thus we report a case of a 3 month old female infant diagnosed as type 1 VDDR with unilateral aplasia of kidney.