• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.314-322
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• 2018

Among developmental anomalies of tooth shape, fusion and gemination are comparatively common. Developed with different etiologies, both fusion and gemination show similar clinical features. Therefore, many clinicians have difficulty diagnosing those morpho-anatomic anomalies. The purpose of this study is to report malformed right maxillary first molar in a 20-year-old female. With the aid of computed tomography (CT), the tooth was diagnosed as fusion with supernumerary tooth and dental caries lesion was detected. After performing direct pulp capping, the tooth was permanently restored with microhybrid composite resin using direct method to alter union groove into smooth surface for improving oral hygiene management. Until 6 months of follow-up visits, patient's chief complaint was resolved and tooth is still vital. In conclusion, identifying exact anatomy, conservative treatment and improving oral hygiene are essential in managing unusual morphologic anomalies of tooth.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.20 no.12 s.163
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• pp.1025-1028
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• 1982

1) The authors have had a case of crown fractured upper central incisor with open apex and non vital pulp. 2) The patient was 8 years old female. 3) Apical closure has been induced with the use of calcium hydroxide and gutta percha cone. 4) At nine month after filling with calcium hydroxide and gutta percha cone, apical closure was observed by radiograph. 5) Root canal was permanently filled gutta percha cone and zinc oxide eugenol by the lateral condensation technique.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the postoperative pain and clinical performance after partial pulpotomy by using ProRoot MTA and Endocem MTA. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight teeth requiring partial pulpotomy due to deep dental caries or traumatic injury were included in this study. After 2mm removal of exposed pulp and bleeding control, the ProRoot MTA or Endocem MTA was randomly adjusted to the exposed site. 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after the final restoration, the patients were recalled to check the postoperative pain or another unfavorable signs. Pearson's chi-square test was used for statistical analysis to evaluate any differences among tested materials. Results: 3 of 28 teeth showed postoperative pain and cold positive during follow-up period (10.7%). There were no statistically differences in pain occurrence between two tested materials (P > 0.05). Conclusions: In the limitations of this study, partial pulpotomy by using Endocem MTA showed the advantages of short setting time and lower postoperative pain incidence, allowing one visit treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.355-362
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• 2002

One fifth dilution of formocresol is usually used for pulpotomy of the primary teeth and emergency pulpotomy of the permanent teeth. However the use of formaldehyde has been subjected to criticism because it may be absorbed into the blood stream and become distributed systemically, it nay also alter the pulp tissue rendering it immunologically active, and have carcinogenic potential. Recently Depulpin$^{\circledR}$(VoCo., Germany) gains popularity as a devitalizing agent during root canal therapy in spite of high concentration of 49 % paraformaldehyde because it facilitate devitalization of pulp and make root canal therapy easier But there have been not enough publications about the reaction of pulp and periapical tissue caused by Depulpin. This study was performed to evaluate the histological changes in pulp and periapical tissue of rats after pulpotomy using formocresol and Depulpin and to elucidate the toxic effects of these agents. Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine Maxillary first molar teeth were used for pulpotomy with formocresol and Depulpin. Rats were sacrificed after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks respectively. Specimens were histologically observed by light microscope changes in pulp and periapical tissue. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Formocresol group A zone of fixed tissue. in which odontoblasts could clearly be defined, was present directly underneath the pulpotomy dressing in almost all teeth of this group. This was followed by an area of necrotic tissue which resembled dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular detail except some pyknotic nuclei. In the specimens of after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks in which vital tissue was present, it was separated from the fibrous area by a zone of inflammation. In the specimens of after 3 weeks and after 4 weeks, inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the apical foramina of the teeth. 2. Depulpin$^{\circledR}$ group The area of necrotic tissue which had no cells and fibers, was present adjacent to the dressing. This was followed by dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular details except some pyknotic nuclei, A short stump of vital pulp with odontoblasts was present at the end of the canal after 2 days. Inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament after 4 days and after 1week. Severe root resolution and necrosis of periapical tissue opposite the root resorption site were defined after 2 weeks and after 3 weeks. Periapical lesion which consist of necrotic tissue surrounded by a fibrous connective wall, was found after 4 weeks. The results indicated that Depulpin can cause more adverse reaction to the dental pulp and periapical tissue than formocresol, and further studies are needed for its clinical use with safety.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse and review deep learning convolutional neural networks for detecting and diagnosing early-stage dental caries on periapical radiographs. Materials and Methods: In order to conduct this review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Studies published from 2015 to 2021 under the keywords(deep convolutional neural network) AND (caries), (deep learning caries) AND (convolutional neural network) AND (caries) were systematically reviewed. Results: When dental caries is improperly diagnosed, the lesion may eventually invade the enamel, dentin, and pulp tissue, leading to loss of tooth function. Rapid and precise detection and diagnosis are vital for implementing appropriate prevention and treatment of dental caries. Radiography and intraoral images are considered to play a vital role in detecting dental caries; nevertheless, studies have shown that 20% of suspicious areas are mistakenly diagnosed as dental caries using this technique; hence, diagnosis via radiography alone without an objective assessment is inaccurate. Identifying caries with a deep convolutional neural network-based detector enables the operator to distinguish changes in the location and morphological features of dental caries lesions. Deep learning algorithms have broader and more profound layers and are continually being developed, remarkably enhancing their precision in detecting and segmenting objects. Conclusion: Clinical applications of deep learning convolutional neural networks in the dental field have shown significant accuracy in detecting and diagnosing dental caries, and these models hold promise in supporting dental practitioners to improve patient outcomes.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.843-848
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• 1998

Pulpotomy is a frequently used treatment modality in primary teeth. It is method by which infected coronal pulp is removed while retaining vital radicular pulp. Since its introduction in 1930 by Sweet formocresol remains the most popular medicament for this treatment. However, despite its outstanding bactericidal properties, formocresol is known to cause adverse tissue reactions. Theoretically, formocresol disinfects and fixes radicular pulp and thus prevents infection and internal resorption. In reality, however, it leads to chronic inflammation and is sometimes responsible for failures through abscess formation and internal root resorption. Also, Myers et al., in 1978, reported on the systemic distribution of FC and other studies have followed with reports of its immunological, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Much effort has, therefore, focused on the development of alternative medicaments and techniques. Since its introduction in 19C, ferric sulfate proven itself as an effective hemostatic agent and is used as an astringent in dentistry. In 1988, Landau and Johnsen suggested ferric sulfate be used as a medicament in pulpotomy and many studies have focused on it to overcome the toxic effects of FC. Ferric sulfate acts through its ferric ion and iron ion, which react with blood protein leading to aggregation. The aggregated protein acts to plug the blood vessels, causing mechanical hemostasis. As blood clot formation is minimal, there is reduced inflammation of radicular pulp and enhanced healing. There are no reports regarding its systemic distribution. This is a report of cases treated by the author using pulpotomy with ferric sulfate.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.28.1-28.16
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• 2018

This study investigated the latest findings and notions regarding 'triple antibiotic paste' (TAP) and its applications in dentistry, particularly endodontics. TAP is a combination of 3 antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline. Despite the problems and pitfalls research pertaining to this paste has unveiled, it has been vastly used in endodontic treatments. The paste's applications vary, from vital pulp therapy to the recently introduced regeneration and revascularisation protocol. Studies have shown that the paste can eliminate the root canal microorganisms and prepare an appropriate matrix for further treatments. This combination is able to remove diverse groups of obligate and facultative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, providing an environment for healing. In regeneration protocol cases, this allows the development, disinfection, and possible sterilization of the root canal system, so that new tissue can infiltrate and grow into the radicular area. Moreover, TAP is capable of creating a discipline in which other wanted and needed treatments can be successfully performed. In conclusion, TAP, as an antibacterial intracanal medication, has diverse uses. Nevertheless, despite its positive effects, the paste has shown drawbacks. Further research concerning the combined paste and other intracanal medications to control microbiota is a must.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.25 no.4 s.215
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• pp.359-363
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• 1987

72559 children, who visited the Dept. of Pedodontics, SNU Hospital from 1982 to 1985 were surveyed on the yearly tendency of dental treatment. The data were compared with those of previous reports, and the results were as follows, 1. The number out-patients were decreasing year by year. 2. Compared with those of 1982, in 1985, total number of visiting patient decreased to 14%, amalgam filling, 73.8% vital pulpotomy ; 69.55%, gold inlays ; 42.57%, Space maintainer ; 69.55%, tooth extraction ; 63.99% on the other hand, some items increased such as pulp extirpation ; 192%, canal filling ; 290%, 3. There revealed overall increasing tendency in almost all treatment items except Gold Inlay7s in from 1982 to 1985, compared with those from 1976 to 1979.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1972

저자는 임상적 진단과 치수내 혈액상과이 관계를 규명하기 위하여 치아 우식증에 의하여 심부로 이환된 이십개의 치아를 선택하여 치수절단술을 시행한 후 기 혈액을 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 임상적으로 치수충혈로 전단된 일곱 개의 치아중, 세 개의 혈액표본을 정상 혈액상을 나타냈고 두개의 혈액표본은 약간의 급성 염증상을 나타냈으나 나머지 두개의 혈액표본은 심한 만성 염증상을 나타냈다. 2. 임상적으로 급성치수염으로 진단된 열세개의 치아중, 열개의 혈액표본은 심한 만성 염증상을 나타냈고 한 개의 혈액표본은 약간의 만성 염증상을 나타냈으며 나머지 두개의 혈액 표본은 급성 염증상을 나타냈다.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.384-393
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• 2012

Successful treatment of a badly broken down tooth with pulpal disease depends not only on good endodontic therapy, but also on good prosthetic reconstruction of the tooth after endodontic therapy is completed. The ideal treatment of endodontically treated teeth has been widely and controversially discussed. Endocrown is a restorative option for endodontically treated teeth. Endocrown design incorporates the core and short post into the crown as a single restoration. The preparation of endocrown consists of a circular equigingival butt-joint margin and central retention cavity of the entire pulp chamber instead of employing intraradicular posts. This design significantly increases the surface area of the preparation available for cementation. It is particularly useful in young patient teeth for long-term provisional restoration and in teeth with short clinical crowns. This technique represents a promising and conservative method for the treatment of endodontically treated teeth that require long-term protection and stability. Endocrown can be considered as a feasible alternative to full crowns or composite overlays for the restoration of non vital teeth.