• Title/Summary/Keyword: visual stimuli

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Implementing a Virtual Reality Forest Healing System Using Multisensory Modules (다감각 모듈을 사용한 가상현실 산림 치유 시스템 구현)

  • Sohui Kim;Jewon Myung;YoungBeom Park;Sun-Jeong Kim
    • Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2024
  • This study applied virtual reality systems for forest therapy to reduce motion sickness and enhance immersion using multi-sensory elements. In applying virtual reality systems, multi-sensory elements were utilized to reduce motion sickness while providing a more immersive experience. Among these elements, tactile and olfactory devices utilizing wind and scent were developed and employed. The program was developed using Unity3D's HDRP (High Definition Render Pipeline), and both HMD (Head Mounted Display) and non-HMD systems were established to determine if visual motion induces motion sickness. An air circulator was placed to provide a sense of wind and allow users to smell scents through the olfactory device. An experiment was designed to examine whether tactile and olfactory stimuli influence user satisfaction with the virtual reality forest therapy system. The results showed that the tactile device significantly reduced motion sickness, while the developed olfactory device did not yield significant results in reducing motion sickness for participants.

The Effect of the Verbal Emotional Context on the Serial Position Effect (음성으로 제시되는 감정 맥락이 서열 위치 효과에 미치는 영향)

  • Jinsun Suhr;Eunmi Oh;Kwanghee Han
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.3-14
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    • 2024
  • An understanding of the influence of emotional context on memory retrieval is crucial to our comprehensive understanding of human cognition. While previous research focused primarily on visual stimuli to address this relationship, this study ventures into the realm of speech-based emotional contexts. Building on previous findings, we examine the effects of arousal and the valence of verbal contexts on memory, with particular focus on mitigating the serial position effect. In Study 1, we investigated how the arousal level of verbal context in the middle of a word list affects memory retention. Our results demonstrated detriment to the memory of later parts of the word list when exposed to low-arousal contexts. In Study 2, we controlled for arousal levels and examined the impact of valence on memory. We found that negative verbal contexts impair the memory of the word when presented together. Our findings suggest that speech-based emotional contexts do not facilitate verbal memory processing. In particular, negative emotional contexts were found to reinforce the serial position effect. Negative emotional contexts tend to disrupt task performance and fail to elicit memory-enhancing effects, especially when both the context and memory stimulus are verbal. These insights offer a valuable contribution to our understanding of the nuances of auditorily delivered emotional context in verbal memory processes.

The Interaction Effect of Foreign Model Attractiveness and Foreign Language Usage (외국인 모델의 매력도와 외국어 사용의 상호작용 효과)

  • Lee, Ji-Hyun;Lee, Dong-Il
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.61-81
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    • 2007
  • Recently, use of foreign models and foreign language in advertising is a general trend in Korea even though the effect has not been well-known..Most of the previous research shows rather an opposite effect claiming marketing communication is more effective when higher congruity between marketing communication and consumer's cultural values are achieved. However, the introduction of global culture due to the expansion of new media such as Internet or cable television makes the congruity not the best choice of marketing strategy. In addition, use of highly attractive models in advertising to increase the effect of advertising is general. However, recent studies show that targeted women audience tend to compare themselves to the highly attractive models and do experience negative sentiment. Bower (2001) proved the difference between 'comparer' and 'noncomparer' when women face highly attractive models. The results show that a comparer who has an intention to compare highly attractive model (HAM) with herself has a significantly negative effect on model expertise, product argument, product evaluation and buying intention. Therefore, HAM is not always a good choice and model attractiveness plays a role in the processing other cues or changing the advertising effect from result of processing other cues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the use of foreign language on the advertising response of the audience with regard of the model attractiveness. For the empirical study, the virtual advertising using foreign models (HAM, NAM), brand names and slogans(Korean, English) were used as stimuli. The respondents of each stimulus were 75('HAM-Korean'), 75('NAM-Korean'), 66('HAM-English') and 66 ('NAM-English') respectively. To establish the effect of marketing communication, the attitude for media(AM), the attitude for product(AP), targetedness(TD), overall quality(OQ), and purchase intention(PI) with 7 point likert scale were measured. The manipulation was verified to check the difference between HAM attractiveness assessment (m=3.27) and NAM attractiveness assessment (m=5.12). The mean difference was statiscally significant (p<.05). As a result, all consequences were significantly changed with model attractiveness, and overall quality evaluation(OQ) were significantly changed with language. The interaction effect from model attractiveness and language was significant on attitude toward the product(AP) and purchase intention(PI). To analyze the difference, the mean values and standard deviation of consequences were compared. The result was more positive when model attractiveness was high for all consequences. For language effect, the assessment was more positive when English was used for OQ. Considering model attractiveness and language simultaneously, HAM-Korean was more positive for AP and PI, and NAM-English was more positive for AP and PI. In other words, the interaction effect was confirmed by model attractiveness and language. As mentioned above, use of foreign models and foreign language in advertising was explained by cultural match up hypothesis (Leclerc et al. 1994) which claimed that culture of origin effect. In other words, in advertising, use of same cultural language with the foreign model could make positive assessment for OQ. But this effect was moderated by model attractiveness. When the model attractiveness was low, the use of English makes PI high because of the effect of foreign language which supported the cultural match up hypothesis. When the model attractiveness was low, the use of Korean made AP and PI high because the effect of foreign language was diluted. It was a general notion that the visual cues got processed before (Holbrook and Moore, 1981; Sholl et al, 1995) compared to linguistic cues. Therefore, when consumers were faced HAM, so much perception was already consumed at processing visual cues making their native language of Korean to strongly and positively connected with the advertising concept. On the contrary, when consumers were faced with NAM, less perception was consumed compared to HAM, making English to accompany cultural halo effect which affected more positively. Therefore, when foreign models were employed in advertising, the language must be carefully selected according to the level of model attractiveness.

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The Change of Cortical Activity Induced by Visual Disgust Stimulus (시각혐오자극으로 유발된 대뇌 피질 활성도 변화)

  • Jung, Wook;Park, Doo-Heum;Yu, Jae-Hak;Ryu, Seung-Ho;Ha, Ji-Hyeon;Shin, Byoung-Hak
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.75-81
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: There are a lot of studies that analyze the interaction between the emotion of disgust and the functional brain images using fMRI and PET. But studies using sLORETA (standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography) almost do not exist. The aim of this research is to explore the relationship of the emotion of disgust and the cortical activation using sLORETA analysis. Methods: Forty five healthy young adults ($27.1{\pm}2.6$ years) participated in the study. While they were watching 4 neutral images and 4 disgusting images associated with mutilation selected from the international affective picture system (IAPS), participants' EEGs were taken for 30 seconds per one picture. Through these obtained EEG data, sLORETA analysis was performed to compare EEGs associated with neutral and negative images. Results: During looking for visual disgusting stimulus, all participants reported unpleasantness, arousal and stress. In sLORETA analysis, the decrease of current density in theta wave was shown at left frontal superior gyrus (BA10) and middle gyrus (BA10, 11). This voxel cluster consists of a total of 11 voxels and the threshold of t value indicating statistically significant decreases in the current density (p<0.05) was -1.984. There were no differences between male and female in the degree of being disgusted by the stimuli. Conclusion: This finding may suggest that the activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex might be associated with regulating disgust emotion.

Influence of Men's Clothing and Hairstyle on the Evaluation of Professionalism and Preference (남성 의복과 헤어스타일이 전문성 및 선호도 평가에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Seung-Hee;Lee, Myoung-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.990-1001
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceiver's gender, clothing, and hairstyle on the visual evaluation of men's professionalism and preference. A quasi-experimental method by questionnaire was used. The experimental design was a $2\times8\times2$ (perceiver's gender $\times$ clothing $\times$ hairstyle) factorial design by 3 independent variables. The stimuli were 16 photographs of a man in his twenties. The upper clothing of the man included tailored collar jackets in beige and dark blue colors, and jumpers and sweaters in beige, dark blue, and red colors. The lower clothing of the men included jean pants. Two types of the hairstyles included short hair and medium length hair. The subjects were 208 men and 223 women in Seoul, Korea. Wearing a beige sweater with jean pants was evaluated high in intellectual image, a red jumper was perceived low in intellectual image, and a beige tailored collar jacket was evaluated low in potent image. Men's short hairstyle was evaluated to be more professional than the medium length hair. Male perceivers liked short hair more than medium length hair, but female perceivers evaluated both hairstyles similarly. In the case of women, the preferences of tailored collared jacket and soutien collared jumper were similar, but jumper was preferred to jacket in the case of men. Male perceivers showed more positive feedback towards jean pants with soutien collared jumper than jeans with tailored collared jacket, which indicated that men showed more conservative attitude towards the outfit than women. The man who was wearing a jumper with short hair was evaluated positively and the man who was wearing a jacket with medium length hair was evaluated negatively when the attires were coordinated with jean pants. In conclusion, medium length hairstyle with a beige jacket and short hairstyle with a red sweater were evaluated as professional image; and the results indicated that clothing and hairstyle interact with each other and influence the evaluation of professionalism.