• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.46-55
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• 2004

While transparency in general refers to the structure that is optically luminant or pleasant in its lightness, it is often synonymous with the concept of "modernistic." The advancement in construction and design technologies and the development of new materials with versatility adds even further diversity to transparency in architectural expression. The purpose of this study is to analyze various conceptions about transparency effects by comparing diverse expressions of visual lightness effects in space design. For this, I categorize and exemplify visual lightness effects of space applied to transparent materials. I argue that by utilizing transparent materials, the perception of space as well as boundaries between exterior and interior can be profoundly transformed. Space that overlaps through transparent boundaries creates atmosphere which deepens the architectural space environments.ironments.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.2 s.81
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

A colour-difference formulae would be based on a colour appearance model, but, So far, most colour-difference formulae in common use are based on empirical fits to data. Therefore, of the many proposed, none are completely satisfactory but advances have been made in recent years. A new color-difference data set has been produced with the aims of making a comparison of the advanced CIE Lab formulae as well as confirming the effect of color-difference. 416 low lightness pairs that have only lightness-difference were produced for evaluation of CIE Lab-based formulae on lightness-difference from glossy polyester fabric. The standard color-difference pair was prepared and used. It was neutral grey sample pair that has only lightness difference. The standard pair was used to investigate lightness tolerances. And grey-scale method used to evaluate visual assessment. CIE Lab coordinates of the samples were measured using a X-Rite 8200 spectrophotometer. Visual assessments were carried out using Gretag Macbeth The Judge II Light Booth. A study of color tolerances at low lightness was carried out and get avaliable some results.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1990

The visual discrimination ability of Vespertilio superans was investigated with a male and a female. In a controlled experimental situation (two-choice apparatus), using a vertical bar and a circle of the same area of the bar, it was established that discrimination between different shapes of the same size was impossible. However, with patterns in which the surface areas substantially differed, the bats were able to discriminate between them to a statistically significant degree. Continuing with experiments in which the lightness of the 2 paritems was varied, the disrimination was possible with all but the slightest differences in lightness (a difference of lightness value 2).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.614-625
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• 2021

This study investigates how visual appearance of pork cuts affects consumer preference. Images of pork belly, Boston butt, and loin were chosen on the basis of visible fattiness and used to analyze consumers' perception of the appearance of each pork cut. Meat color and visible fat proportion of images of pork cuts were analyzed by the researchers before conducting the survey. A total of 211 pork eaters evaluated the pork cuts based on appearance (lightness of color, redness, visible fat proportion, and fat distribution), preferability, and overall acceptability. Also, muscle pieces from different pork cuts were taken and the relative area composition of muscle fibers was measured. Based on survey results, correlation between visual traits and preferences of each pork cut was analyzed. The survey results showed that preferred pork appearance varied as per each individual's favorite pork cut. Also, the respondents evaluated visual characteristics and preference for each pork cut differently possibly due to the different visual characteristics of each cut. Correlation analysis between visual traits and preference indicated that overall acceptability of pork cuts was mainly influenced by fat preference, followed by color preference. Fat and color preferences for each pork cut were affected by various visual attributes including redness, lightness of color, visible fat proportion, and fat distribution, but their effects were considerably varied among different pork cuts. Thus, Korean consumers perceived and assessed pork appearance using various quality cues but the evaluation depended on which cut was being observed.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.152-162
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• 2012

The color changing of the wood surface was tested by accelerated weathering test that can simulate the outdoor condition with short period. In early parts of accelerated weathering test, weight and volume of specimen all were increased due to the moisture evaporation by its high temperature and illumination level, but weight and volume of specimen all were decreased from middle parts to last. However, significancy showed between control group and accelerated weathering test group in terms of weight and volume. According to the results of color-difference meter, in the early parts of the accelerated weathering test lightness, redness and yellowness all showed a clear increasing or decreasing trend. However, after three weeks all values were almost never change. Until the early parts of the test, lightness was decreased and there was not a considerable change after three weeks in the test. Redness showed a some change in early parts of the test, but this also showed not great change after middle parts of the test as like lightness. Yellowness also showed same pattern. These results could be verified through the visual inspection. As like weight and volume, significancy showed between control group and accelerated weathering test group in terms of color-difference test. In all accelerated weathering test group, color-differences of after test was lower than that of before test. To correctly analyze this cause, more additional research will be need on each of temperature, humidity and illumination factors.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.575-586
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• 2022

Uneven light in real-world causes visual degradation for underexposed regions. For these regions, insufficient consideration during enhancement procedure will result in over-/under-exposure, loss of details and color distortion. Confronting such challenges, an unsupervised low-light image enhancement network is proposed in this paper based on the guidance of the unpaired low-/normal-light images. The key components in our network include super-resolution module (SRM), a GAN-based low-light image enhancement network (LLIEN), and denoising-scaling module (DSM). The SRM improves the resolution of the low-light input images before illumination enhancement. Such design philosophy improves the effectiveness of texture details preservation by operating in high-resolution space. Subsequently, local lightness attention module in LLIEN effectively distinguishes unevenly illuminated areas and puts emphasis on low-light areas, ensuring the spatial consistency of illumination for locally underexposed images. Then, multiple discriminators, i.e., global discriminator, local region discriminator, and color discriminator performs assessment from different perspectives to avoid over-/under-exposure and color distortion, which guides the network to generate images that in line with human aesthetic perception. Finally, the DSM performs noise removal and obtains high-quality enhanced images. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves favorable results, which indicates its superior capacity on illumination and texture details restoration.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.513-521
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• 2002

This paper proposes a gamut mapping algorithm based on color space division for cross media color reproduction. As each color device has a limited range of producible colors, reproduced colors on a destination device are different from those of the original device. In order to reduce the color difference, the proposed method divides the whole gamut into parabolic shapes based on intersecting lightness by the just noticeable difference (JND) and the original device gamut boundary. Dividing the gamut with parabolic shapes and piecewise mapping of each region not only considers gamut characteristics but also provides for mapping uniformity. Also the lightness variations are more sensitive to the human visual system and by using lightness JND it can restrict lightness mapping variations that are unperceivable to enhance lightness contrast and chrominance. As a result, the proposed algorithm is able to reproduce high quality images using low-cost color devices.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 2018

The digital colour reproduced on a display can be transferred to the image through various colour spaces, and the colour transferred to the image is one of the most important factors, among both subjective and objective factors, in image quality evaluation. Therefore, the digital colour must be continuously studied objectively and quantitatively along with the display development. At the same time, the subjective evaluation should be accompanied by systematic and quantitative research as the visual characteristics must be fully reflected. In this study, we applied different lightness levels of the background in order to examine the movement phenomenon of colour properties among the digital colour properties reproduced on the display. A psychophysical experiment was conducted for the condition where various colours were presented in the background, and the size of the colour stimulus was divided into the foveal vision and peripheral vision. Based on the evaluation results of the experiment, the colour properties movement phenomenon is identified according to the lightness of the background and the size of the colour stimulus for five colours among KS basic colours selected by experimental stimulus. Furthermore, a research direction to reproduce colour on displays in the future is proposed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2018

A scientific and systematic approach for digitally representing colours is essential for improving image quality. Therefore, there is a need for objectively analysing such approaches. Studies regarding display systems, which can reflect human visual characteristics in the digital media environment, and associated international standards at the forefront, have already caused significant impact. Colour is one of the most important factors employed for evaluating the overall image quality of displays. The proposed study focusses on colour properties which are based on the characteristics of the human peripheral vision area, with the primary objective of reproducing digital colours which can simulate human visual characteristics in the digital media environment. The proposed study aims at identifying digital colour characteristics which can vary according to the level of background lightness and the size of colour stimuli. Based on the evaluation results obtained through psychophysical experiments, a method has been proposed for determining peripheral vision characteristics which vary according to the increasing size of a colour stimulus, thereby digitally reproducing them on displays.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1412-1423
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to objectively explain the visual sensibility of clothing torture that satisfies the consumer's sensibility. The photo stimuli on clothing texture are divided into hard, soft transparent and brilliant. For the study of image 38 kinds of costume samples is used. The Study was measured by using Semantic Differential method. The subjects were 410 females in twenties. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, MDS and regression analysis. Data were analyzed by SPSS. The major findings of this research were as follows: 1. As a result of the factor analysis,5 factors of visual sensibility were consist of high qualities, touches, looks, lightness, and warmness or coolness.2. There were significant difference in visual sensibility based on classification of clothing texture.3. The clothing texture was classified as thin-full, flat-lumpy. 4. As a result of the regression analysis, preferences of consumers can be connected directly with buying behavior and satisfaction can be closely related with preferences and positive buying behavior.