• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication and $Ca^{2+}$ response in human cell lines of neuronal origin were investigated. SK-N-SH (neuroblastoma cells) and A172 cells (glioblastoma cells) were used. SK-N-SH cells were permissive for HCMV multiplication with a delay of one day compared to virus multiplication in human embryo lung (HEL) cells. The delay of HCMV multiplication in SK-N-SH cells appeared to be correlated with a delay in the $Ca^{2+}$ response. The cytoplasmic free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) began to increase at 12 h p.i. in HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells, while $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in HCMV-infected HEL cells was observed as early as 3 h p.i. On the whole, the level of the increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in SK-N-SH cells was about 30% of that in HEL cells. On the other hand, in A172 cells infected with HCMV, neither production of infectious virus nor detectable increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was observed. Treatment with TPA of HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells resulted in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase at 6 h p.i. The stimulatory effect of TPA on HCMV- induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase continued until 12 h p.i., but TPA failed to stimulate the $Ca^{2+}$ response in SK-N-SH cells at 24 h p.i., suggesting that the effect of TPA had disappeared in SK-N-SH cells at that time point. In conclusion, SK-N-SH cells are permissive for HCMV replication and the delay in $Ca^{2+}$ response may be a consequence of the lower responsiveness of SK-N-SH cells than HEL cells to HCMV infection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2014

A six-months-old male Korean domestic shorthair cat was presented with fever, tachypnea, anorexia, and weight loss and admitted to Lee Seung Jin Animal Medical Center. During the routine physical examination, clinical signs such as mild dehydration and jaundice in the sclera were present. The complete blood count (CBC) and serum chemistry result showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Radiography revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Blood smear and microscopic examination showed severe hemolysis and anisocytosis. We sent the blood sample to the Neodin Veterinary Laboratory for PCR analysis to conduct a test to find out Ehlichia, feline hemoplasmas (haemobartonella), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and anaplasma infection. According to PCR examination, the blood of this cat was positive for feline hemoplasmas (Mycoplasma haemofelis), but negative for other pathogens. The patient was prescribed doxycycline for 4 weeks and prednisolone for 1 week. The free of feline hemoplasmas infection was confirmed by PCR recheck after six months.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2007-2011
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• 2014

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infectious agent. It is estimated that 10% of all women worldwide are infected with HPV, that is some 660 million each year. HPV vaccination has a reported efficacy of more than 98% for protection against infection in females. In 2008 the Abu Dhabi Health Authority in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) introduced free HPV vaccination for all eligible schoolgirls in both public and private schools. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 640 women aged 18-50 years in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi in UAE from April 2012 to October 2012 was conducted. Results: Thirty-seven percent of the women in our sample had heard about HPV vaccination, and 80% of these would consider getting vaccinated themselves, and 87% would recommend vaccination to relatives or friends. Most women in the study (69%) had a favorable opinion about the vaccine. Only 17% of the women felt it might not be culturally acceptable, and 1% felt that there might be religious objections to HPV vaccination. Vaccine safety and recommendation by a doctor (36% each) were the factors identified most frequently by our sample of women which would enhance the uptake of the HPV vaccination. Conclusions: Knowledge about HPV vaccination among women in our sample was below average (37%); however, 80% of those who had heard about HPV vaccination were willing to be vaccinated themselves, and 87% would recommend vaccination to relatives and friends.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3479-3483
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• 2015

Objective: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in stage Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-A were grouped based on whether they were accompanied with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or not so as to explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic conditions of HCC patients with non-HBV/hepatitis C virus (HCV). Materials and Methods: Clinical data of 64 stage BCLC-A HCC patients with non-HBV/HCV infection (observation group) who received radical hepatectomy in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January, 2006 to November, 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of 409 stage BCLC-A HCC patients with HBV infection (control group) in corresponding period. Results: The postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year recurrent rates of the observation group were 25%, 38.6% and 48.8%, with postoperative mean and median disease-free survival time being 49.1 months and 62.0 months, respectively. Additionally, the postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of observation group were 90.1%, 72.7% and 62.0%, with the mean and median survival times being 54.4 months and 70.0 months, respectively. Conclusions: The 1-year recurrent rate is the highest in HCC patients with non-HBV/HCV, and almost half of the patients have recurrence within 1 year, after which the recurrent rate decreases along with the time.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.420-424
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• 2014

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is oncogenic and can transform B cells from a benign to a malignant phenotype. EBV infection is also associated with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP). Here, we report the case of a 14-year-old boy who was diagnosed with a latent EBV infection and underlying LIP, without any associated immunodeficiency. He had been EBV-seropositive for 8 years. The first clinical presentations were chronic respiratory symptoms and recurrent pneumonia. The symptoms worsened in the following 2 years. The results of in situ hybridization were positive for EBV, which led to a diagnosis of LIP. The diagnosis was confirmed by the results of a thoracoscopic lung biopsy. The EBV titer of the bronchoalveolar lavage specimens obtained after acyclovir treatment was found to be fluctuating. The patient had latent EBV infection for 8 years, until presented at the hospital with intermittent abdominal pain and distension. Physical examination and pelvic computed tomography revealed a large mesenteric mass. A biopsy of the excised mass led to a diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). The patient received combination chemotherapy for 4 months, consisting of vincristine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisolone. He is now tumor-free, with the LIP under control, and is being followed-up at the outpatient clinic. This is the first report of a Korean case of chronic latent EBV infection that developed into LIP and BL in a nonimmunocompromised child.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2010

In view of free from bluetongue (BT) in the domestic cattle population in Korea, the key of quarantine testing for BT virus (BTV) infection is detection of cattle previously exposed to the virus. The objective of this study was to estimate the probability of detecting a cattle infected with BTV using a stochastic modeling analysis of existing quarantine testing data. Three testing scenarios were considered in this study: serological testing of all animals in all imported lots (scenario 1), serological testing of a sample of cattle from all imported lots (scenario 2), and serological testing of 50% of imported lots (scenario 3). In scenario 2 and 3, it was assumed that cattle were sampled (sample size) within each lot to detect 5% of the cattle in each lot with a 95% confidence, taking into account diagnostic sensitivity of the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The model output was the total number of BTV-infected cattle and the prevalence of BTV infection in imported cattle from the US, Australia, Canada and Japan. Compared to the scenario 1, the probability of detecting a BTV-infected cattle was estimated to be 19% and 1.6% in scenario 2 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, the analyses showed a 95% confidence that BTV prevalence was less or equal to $9.7{\times}10^{-4}$ (median = $1.5{\times}10^{-5}$), indicating that, for the scenario 2 and 3 with serological testing for a sample of cattle, the risk of introducing an exotic strain of BTV into Korea through the importation of live cattle would not be acceptable.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2005

Canine coronavirus (CCV) causes a mild gastroenteritis in dogs. The virus is highly contagious. Although the virus was isolated more than thirty years ago, canine coronavirus infection continues to be a widespread problem. Mixed infections with both CCV and canine parvovirus (CPV) are common. Four kinds of commercial killed CCV vaccines are available in Korea. All the commercial vaccines should pass the National Assay for Veterinary Biologicals prior to release. For the potency test of CCV vaccine, it is necessary to use CCV antibody free dogs. The test requires not only kennels but high cost. To develop easy, efficient and economic potency test method for killed CCV vaccine using laboratory animals, a series of experiments with rabbits and guinea pigs were carried out in this study. In the preliminary test, the guinea pigs showed better immune responses than rabbits. The guinea pig was also easy to manage. So guinea pig was selected for the potency test animals. When the guinea pigs were inoculated twice with one dose of vaccine intramuscuarly each, slower and a little lower SN antibody titers were induced in guinea pigs than in dogs (about 2 kg body weight Beagle strain) given the same posology as guinea pigs'. It was concluded that guinea pigs could be substituted for dogs in the potency test of killed CCV vaccine.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.678-686
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to develop the mass propagation system for producing plug plantlets using stem cuttings of virus-tree microtubers in potato. Cocopeat, vermiculite, perlite and peatmoss were combined and used as plug nursery media to find out the best combination suitable for the growth of seedlings derived from microtubers. Seedling growth was favored in high temperature (above 2$0^{\circ}C$) and a long-day photoperiod(above 16 hours) condition, while stolons and microtubers formed in outdoor condition. Shoot and root multiplication was not affected by NAA 10mg /1 or IAA 10mg /1 treatment. At the early growth stage of plug plantlets, the number of leaves and roots and the length of root increased significantly when nodes from the upper (near to apex) part of shoots rather than from basal part were taken. But after transplanting, these differences among these characters were not observed. At ninety days after transplanting the plug plantlets in spring time, plant was around 70 to 80cm in height, and the number of stolons and tubers were ten and seven, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35.1-35.13
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• 2021

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious viral disease of domestic pigs that presents as a hemorrhagic fever, and for which no effective vaccine is available. The disease has a serious negative social and economic impact on pig keepers. There is limited information on the potential risk factors responsible for the spread of ASF in South Kivu. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the potential risk factors associated with ASF infection in suspected ASF virus (ASFV)-infected pigs. Methods: We sampled whole blood from 391 pigs. Additionally, 300 pig farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Viral DNA was detected by using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: The majority of pigs sampled, 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74.4-82.6), were of local breeds. Over half, 60.4% (95% CI, 55.5-65.2), were female, and most of them, 90.5% (95% CI, 87.6-93.4), were adult pigs (> 1 year old). Viral DNA was detected in 72 of the 391 sampled pigs, indicating an overall infection rate of 18.4% (95% CI, 14.5-22.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed several risk factors positively associated with ASFV infection: feeding with swill in pen (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% CI, 2.12-6.77); mixed ages of pigs in the same pen (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.99-5.57); introduction of new animals to the farm (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.91-15.28). The risk factors that were negatively (protective) correlated with ASFV positivity were the presence of male animals and the use of an in-pen breeding system. Conclusion: Local pig farmers should be encouraged to adopt proper husbandry and feeding practices in order to increase the number of ASF-free farms.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2024

Backgrounds/Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) provides a favorable outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and was launched in Vietnam in 2004. In this study, we evaluated the short-term and long-term outcomes of LT and its risk factors. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed HCC patients who underwent LT at Viet Duc University hospital, Vietnam, from 01/2012-03/2022. The following data were gathered: demographics, virus infection, tumor characteristics, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, Child-Pugh and MELD scores, selection criteria, type of LT, complications, 30-day mortality, and disease-free and overall survival (DFS and OS). Results: Fifty four patients were included, the mean age was 55.39 ± 8.46 years. Nearly 90% had hepatitis B virus-related HCC. The median (interquartile range) AFP level was 16.2 (88.7) ng/mL. The average MELD score was 10.57 ± 5.95; the rate of Child-Pugh A and B were 70.4% and 18.5%, respectively. Nearly 40% of the patients were within Milan criteria, brain-dead donor was 83.3%. Hepatic and portal vein thrombosis occurred in 0% and 1.9%, respectively; hepatic artery thrombosis 1.9%, biliary leakage 5.6%, and postoperative hemorrhage 3.7%. Ninety-day mortality was 5.6%. Five-year DFS and OS were 79.3% and 81.4%, respectively. MELD score and ChildPugh score were predictive factors for DFS and OS (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, Child-Pugh score was the only significant factor (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In Vietnam, LT is an effective therapy for HCC with an acceptable complication rate, mortality rate, and good survival outcomes, and should be further encouraged.