• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.538-542
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• 2011

A new malting barley variety, 'Baegho', was developed from a cross between Azuma Golden and Nishinochikara in 1998. An elite line, YMB2139-2B-1-10-2, was selected in 2005 and designated as Milyang137. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) from 2006 to 2008 and was released with the name of 'Baegho' having high yielding and BaYMV and powdery mildew resistance. The average heading and maturing dates of 'Baegho' were April 21 and May 28, which were 3 and 2 day later than those of Hopum, check variety, at the RYT, respectively. 'Baegho' has shoter culm length (78 cm), more spikes ($1,062per\;m^2$) and heavier 1,000 grain weight (40.7 g) than those of Hopum, respectively. 'Baegho' is resistant to domestic BaYMV strains I, III and IV and powdery mildew at Iksan. In growth habit, 'Baegho' is close to type (IV) that is distinguished from other Korean malting barley cultivars, which could tolerant to premature heading damage that is major concern for the practice of the malting barley cropping. The yield potential of 'Baegho' in the RYT was about 5.57 MT/ha, which is about 13% higher than those of Hopum. This variety has good malting quality in grain and malting analysis showed better 1,000 grain weight, husk rate, diastatic power than those of Hopum. 'Baegho' applied for protection of new varieties of plant in 2009.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.177-179
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• 2011

A new soybean cultivar 'Daewang' was released by Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gangwon Province in 2008. The Goals of breeding the variety was for large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance and resistance to diseases such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and bacterial pustule. 'Daewang' was derived from the cross of GWS91, which has yellow seed coat, large seed size and late maturity, and 'Seokryang-putkong', which has large seed size and early maturity. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection were carried out from 2002 to 2007. It has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum and large seed weight (33.6 g per 100 seeds). The maturity date of 'Daewang' is 16 days later than the 'Taekwang'. It has a high content of total isoflavone ($1,851{\mu}g/g$). The average yield of 'Daewang' was 2.68 MT/ha in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out in four locations in Gangwon province from 2004 to 2007 which was 4 percent higher than the check cultivar 'Taekwang'.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.342-345
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• 2009

"Hwaweon 2" was developed from an interspecific cross between Hwaseongbyeo and a wild species, Oryza rufipogon L. (IRGC 105491) based on marker-aided selection. The recurrent parent "Hwaseongbyeo" is a high grain quality cultivar with medium-maturity. Hwaweon 2 is nearly isogenic to Hwaseongbyeo except a small O. rufipogon introgression on chromosome 9. This segment was associated with genes controlling a number of traits including grain weight, heading date, culm length, and spikelets per panicle. The preliminary and replicated yield trial was conducted at Chungnam National University in 2004, 2005 and 2006. The local adaptability test was carried out by the National Seed Management Office (NSMO) in 2007 and 2008. This cultivar was registered to NSMO with a cultivar designated as "Hwaweon 2". This cultivar averaged 98cm in culm length and has a medium to late growth duration. This variety is resistant to stripe virus as the recurrent parent. Milled rice of "Hwaweon 2" is translucent and the grain quality traits are comparable to those of the recurrent parent. The yield potential of "Hwaweon 2" in grain is about 7.68 MT/ha at the ordinary fertilizer level about 14% higher than that of Hwaseongbyeo due to increase in grain weight and spikelets per panicle.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.338-341
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• 2009

"Hwaweon 1" was developed from an interspecific cross between Hwaseongbyeo and a wild species, Oryza rufipogon L. (IRGC 105491) based on marker-aided selection. The recurrent parent "Hwaseongbyeo" is a high grain quality cultivar with medium-maturity. Hwaweon 1 is nearly isogenic to Hwaseongbyeo except a small O. rufipogon introgression on chromosome 8 harboring the gene for grain weight. The preliminary and replicated yield trial was conducted at Chungnam National University in 2004, 2005 and 2006. The local adaptability test was carried out by the National Seed Management Office (NSMO) in 2007 and 2008. This cultivar was registered to NSMO with a cultivar designated as "Hwaweon 1". This cultivar averaged 89 cm in culm length and has a medium growth duration. This cultivar is resistant to stripe virus as the recurrent parent, Hwaseongbyeo. Milled rice of "Hwaweon 1" is translucent and the grain quality traits are comparable to those of the recurrent parent. The yield potential of "Hwaweon 1" in grain is about 7.43 MT/ha at the ordinary fertilizer level about 10% higher than that of Hwaseongbyeo mainly due to increase in grain weight.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.564-567
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• 2009

"Boseog" is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from the three way cross of Kinuhikari//HR19621AC6/Sobibyeo and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2008. This cultivar has about 110 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in northern plain, northern and southern mid-mountainous area of Korea. This cultivar is about 72 cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging. In the reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows resistance to leaf blast, but susceptibility to bacterial blight, virus diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of "Boseog" exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and midium short grain. It has similar amylose content(18.0%), lower protein content(6.3%), and similar palatability of cooked rice compared to Odaebyeo. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.03 MT/ha in local adaptability test. "Boseog" would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting in northern plain, mid-mountainous and southern mountainous area of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.310-313
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• 2009

A single cross, Pyeonganok, is an yellow flint-like maize hybrid (Zea mays L.) developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2008. This hybrid, which has a high yield of dry matter was produced by crossing two inbred lines, KS140 and KS94. KS140 is the seed parent and KS94 is the pollen parent of Pyeonganok. Silking date of Pyeonganok is 3 days later than that of check hybrid, Kwangpyeongok. Stay-green of Pyeonganok is not greatly different with that of Kwangpyeongok. It has resistance to lodging. It has moderately resistance to Bipolaris maydis (southern corn leaf blight), Exserohilum turcicum (northern corn leaf blight), and corn borer but sensitivity to black streaked dwarf virus (BSDV). Pyeonganok was evaluated for the yields of dry matter at four locations from 2006 to 2008. The yields of Pyeonganok in dry matter was 20.84 ton/ha. Seed production of Pyeonganok has gone well due to a good match during crossing between the seed parent, KS140 and the pollen parent, KS94 in Yeongwol.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2009

Jayoung was bred within the potato breeding program of Highland Agriculture Research Center (HARC), National Institute of Crop Science. It was originated from a cross made between Atlantic as a female and AG34314 as a male parent in 2003. Jayoung was evaluated as a clone number Daegwan 1-104 for the growth and tuber characteristics, yielding ability, and resistance to major potato diseases in the regional yield trials from 2006 to 2007. Finally, this clone was renamed as Jayoung and was presented to Korean Seed & Variety Service in 2007 for registration as a new potato cultivar. Jayoung has a oval shape, shallow eye depth, dark purple skinned and fleshed tuber characteristics. Its mean tuber yields from the regional yield trials was 37.3 MT/ha, and it showed the highest yield in spring cropping. Jayoung showed high resistance to both common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), however it was susceptible to late blight (Phytophthora infestans). The dry matter content of Jayoung was fairy high 20.3%, therefore it is suitable for both chip processing and table usage. Its anthocyanin content was the highest in autumn cropping as 43.7 mg/100 g fresh weight and its mean anthocyanin content was 4.7 times higher than that of Jasim.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.147
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• pp.261-281
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• 2018

This paper will cover recent discussions on the risks of human being due to the development of artificial intelligence(AI). We will consider AI research as artificial narrow intelligence(ANI), artificial general intelligence(AGI), and artificial super intelligence(ASI). First, we examine the risks of ANI, or weak AI systems. To maximize efficiency, humans will use autonomous AI extensively. At this time, we can predict the risks that can arise by transferring a great deal of authority to autonomous AI and AI's judging and acting without human intervention. Even a sophisticated system, human-made artificial intelligence systems are incomplete, and virus infections or bugs can cause errors. So I think there should be a limit to what I entrust to artificial intelligence. Typically, we do not believe that lethal autonomous weapons systems should be allowed. Strong AI researchers are optimistic about the emergence of artificial general intelligence(AGI) and artificial superintelligence(ASI). Superintelligence is an AI system that surpasses human ability in all respects, so it may act against human interests or harm human beings. So the problem of controlling superintelligence, i.e. control problem is being seriously considered. In this paper, we have outlined how to control superintelligence based on the proposed control schemes. If superintelligence emerges, it is judged that there is no way for humans to completely control superintelligence at this time. But the emergence of superintelligence may be a fictitious assumption. Even in this case, research on control problems is of practical value in setting the direction of future AI research.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.185-211
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• 2002

We have found many beneficial effects of the long-tenn intake of Korean red ginseng (KRG) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-I infected patients, including the maintenance of CD4+ T cell count for 10 years with KRG only and the delayed development of resistance mutation to ZDV. In this study, to investigate whether KRG-intake could affect the clinical progression and nef gene variation, we determined 200nef sequences from 70 patients. Follow-up period was $8.8{\pm}2.9$ years and annual decrease in CD4+T cell was $41{\pm}57/ul.$ Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing were perfonned with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained at times during the study period. First, there was a significant correlation between survival duration and duration of KRG-intake $(36.8{\pm}38$ months)(P=0.000). There were significant correlations between the last NefProg score and CD4+ T cell count (r= 0.208, P<0.05) and annual decrease in CD4+ T cell count (r =0.346, P<0.01) in 70 patients. In addition, there were significant correlations between KRG-intake and annual decrease (r= 0.323, P<0.01), and the CD4+ T cell count itself (r=0.229, p<0.05). Furthennore, there was also a mild significance between the NefProg score and the duration of KRG-intake in only SP and RP (n=30, r=-0.281, P=0.067). In addition, we detected various defects in 21 patients $(30.0\%),$ not including 5 premature stop codons. Ten $(12.5\%)$ patients showed repeated deletion of an amino acid. Four of 10 patients were gross deletions and they were treated with KRG for more than 20 months. The number of patients with repeated gross deletions was significantly higher in the order of slow progressors $(18\%)$, typical progressors($3\%$), and rapid progressors($0\%$) (P<0.05). We also observed that long-tenn intake of KRG might make the change from A or D to T at position 54 and decrease NefProg score. Taken together, our results show clear evidence that the long-term intake of KRG has effects on nef gene variation as well as definite clinical usefulness.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1976.06a
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• pp.85.3-86
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• 1976

Sudden deafness requires immediate investigation and treat if there is to be any prospect of salvaging the hearing. It present an otological emergency and a diagnostic challenge. Sn Sudden sensorineural deafness can be caused by a wide variety of pathologies. A battery of tests and investigations must be performed forthwith if treatment is to be started without further delay. The concept that nothing can be done for the patient with sensori-neural deafness must be abandoned. Some pathologies causing sudden deafness are not amenable to therapy or can show only partial reversibility. But there are several causes, showing little or no spontaneous recovery, which do responed to appropriate treatment. It is important to identify them and concentrate on their management. The age and sex ratios and the unilaterral or bilateral nature of the lesion are related to the etiology and depend upon which type of case is included in the series. Though individually rare, collecting for about 2.5 per cent of new otoloical patients. Some 70 per cent of cases are unilateral. Viral, bacterial and treponemal infections accounted for about 30 per cent of the cases. Some 16 per cent were due to vascular lesions of the cochlea. In almost 22 per cent there was no obvious cause (idiopathic), they occurred in young adult and were either sensory or neural. About 12 per cent were traumatic and 9 per cent were ototoxic in origin. The remaining 11 per cent were due to a group of rarities. The two vital factors are the site of the lesion and the duration of the hearing loss. The earlier these are diagnosed and treated the better the response. The etiology, pathology and treatment are reviewed.