• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.3-13
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• 2012

Japan came to result in enacting and enforcing the law on rationalization of service pertinent to the Private Detective Service Law in order to rationalize the illegal service realities of private detective service dealers and detective agencies, which were flooded in 2006. Since the enactment of the law, the problems are still taking place in relation to Japanese private detective service as of 2012. However, Japan's regulatory agencies can be known to revise the corresponding statute and to make effort to improve consciousness of agencies in order to improve these problems. Accordingly, it can be considered to be great in implication as for our country's introduction of private investigation service in the future. Arranging these contents, they are as follows. First, it is improvement in problems related to other statutes according to performance of private detective service. Second, it is reinforcement in management of private detective service violators. Third, it is propulsion of rationalization in cost according to a contract of private detective service. Accordingly, it can be considered to be necessary for being newly legislated at the 19th National Assembly from the perspective dubbed development and social right f unction in private investigation industry, by further supplementing Japan's these problems and arranging improvement plans so that the corresponding service called private detective service can do more public function in society.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.245-269
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• 2006

The suggestions that follow are about the device to assure the effectiveness of administrational regulation and supervision in Korean private security. First, government clearance should be reinforced. For this it is necessary that the qualification for security dealer-careers and academic backgrounds with security etc.- should be elucidated in Security Law. Also it should be achieved to increase the capital fund and to keep security guards for insuring substitutional manpower. Second, after legal permission governmental supervision should be done in quality by means of setting up the competent institutions independently. Third, the punishment for obtaining security license mendaciously, carrying out illegal or unfair task and assigning Security Guard Supervisors expediently should be strengthened. Also to prevent expedient acts it is necessary to prescribe illegal or unfair acts in the concrete in Security Law and violators should be legally responsible. Fourth, to lay the foundation for security industry itself and make up for perfunctory governmental direct System for Professional License (of private security guard) should come into effect.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2016

Comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion were introduced through tobacco control legislation in Viet Nam, but it has been established that violations of the bans are very common. This study was conducted to explore the trend in violations of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in Viet Nam in the past six years and to explore any differences in the violation situations before and after the Law on Tobacco Control came into effect on 1st May 2013. Quantitative data were collected through observation of violations of the bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in 10 provinces throughout Viet Nam in four survey rounds (2009, 2010, 2011, and 2015). Variation in violation prevalence over time was examined by chi-square test using a Bonferini method. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify the factors that may have influences on different types of violation. A level of significance of p<0.05 was used for all tests in this article. The most common form of violation was the display of more than one pack/one carton of a cigarette brand. Violation of bans on tobacco advertising increased while violations on promotion ban and on displaying tobacco decreased through time. Some factors associated with the tobacco advertising and promotion bans included surveyed years, types of points of sale, regions and areas where the points of sale were located. The enforcement of the bans did not improve even after the issuance and the enactment of the Law on Tobacco Control. This suggests that the monitoring and enforcement of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale should be strengthened. Penalties should be strictly applied for violators as indicated in the current tobacco control legislation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

It is important to construct a firm basis for accusing potential violators of academic integrity in order to avoid spurious accusations and false convictions. Educational researchers have developed many statistical methods that can either uncover or confirm cases of cheating on tests. However, most of them rely on simple correlation-based measures, and often fail to account for patterns in responses or answers. In this paper, we propose a new statistical index denoted by a Standardized Signed Entropy Similarity Score to resolve this difficulty. In addition, we apply the proposed method to analyze a real data set and compare the results to other existing methods.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-44
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• 2012

This study examined the relationship among perception on information, purpose of information use, and trust in government. It also identified different patterns of groups by their ideological inclination via a national survey on sample population over the age of twenty. The result showed the statistical significance of the relationship among information perception, purpose of information use, ideological inclination, and trust in government. The analysis result implies that the role of government should be readjusted in terms of publicness toward meta-data provider which is transparent and fair without any discrimination by individual difference and economic condition. This will increase the level of trust in government data and its utilization will be tied into the individual connectedness for social integration. The role of government as an information provider needs to establish the role of mediator which always keeps social rules and tracks down violators in a timely manner in the process of information production. With transparent information flow and fair game, the richness of information and a positive production environment will be created.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.379-402
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• 2010

The Korea Foreign Trade Act(KFTA) was revised the penal provisions of the breach of the Country of Origin Labeling(COOL) recently. The ceiling of penalties became to 5 years for imprisonment, one hundred or three hundred million won for fine. The level of penalties are adjudged quite fair but the amount of penalty should be increased according to the profits from the breach or the nature of crime in some cases. The problems of the penalties are differences between KFTA and other related laws. There are related several laws on the breach of the COOL such as KFTA, Unfair Trade related Law, Customs Law, Consumer Protection Law, Law of COOL on Agricultural and Marine products etc. The penal provisions of the breach of the COOL has more heavier level than other the breach because of the criminal qualities. The problems are the penalty differences between the KFTA and the Unfair Trade Law under the Ministry of Knowledge Economy. The KFTA's penal provisions need to equate with Unfair Trade Law as long as same breaches on the COOL. The government can also consider some policies to rigid enforcement of breaches on the COOL. There are the Country of Origin Tracking system, the RoO Paparazzi System, Make public the names of habitual RoO Violators, Correction Order of breach of the COOL etc.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.54
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• pp.221-242
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• 2017

How can Selfish people choose moral behaviors. Xunzi thought it can be done with Human reason. For him, people move for their own interest. So they must follow Yi(禮), if they understand the life that following Yi is better than following x?ngq?ng(性情). Xunzi' theory is going to meet following two problems. One, people do not choose Yi because heir selfish is the only power to do. Second, there is nothing to blame or punishment for violators because it is not the duty. I tried to explain with two solutions for Xunzi.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.37-47
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• 2021

Today, people share information and communicate with others using various information and communication media such as e-mail, smartphones, SNS, etc. However, it is being used in malicious attacks to send a large amount of illegal spam or to use it for fraud by using illegally collected personal information and devices that are vulnerable to security. Illegal spam, smishing, and fraudulent mail(SCAM) cause a lot of direct and indirect damage to companies and users, including not only social costs such as mental fatigue, but also unnecessary consumption of IT infrastructure resources and economic losses. Although there are regulations related to spam, violators of the law are still on the rise by circumventing the law, and victims are constantly occurring, so it is necessary to review what the problem is. This study examined domestic and foreign spam-related regulations and spam-related response activities, identified problems, and suggested improvement countermeasures. Through this study, it was intended to suggest directions for improving spam-related systems in order to block illegal spam and prevent fraudulent damage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.60-69
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• 2023

Objectives: Business operators handling hazardous chemicals regulated under the Chemical Substances Control Act (CSCA) must receive permits to operate their business from the Ministry of Environment. This study analyzed the status of recent legal violation in chemical handling workplaces in Ulsan where a large volume of chemicals is handled for industrial use. Methods: A total of 557 corporations have been granted legal status as business operators in Ulsan. For all business operators, legal violations in regard to the CSCA that were discovered by the environmental office in the last five years (2018~2022) were thoroughly analyzed. Results: A total of 225 violations of the CSCA have been discovered at 165 corporations, with the violation rate accounting for approximately 27% of all business operators. In particular, 22% of the 165 violators (36 corporations) were discovered to have violated twice or more, and some business operators (6%) even violated in consecutive years. Non-compliance of facility inspection was the most frequent violation (45 cases, 20.1%), followed by non-reporting of important changes in the permitted matters (23 cases, 10.3%), non-completion of legal safety education (19 cases, 8.5%), failure to secure permission for modification in the permitted matters (18 cases, 8.0%), and failure to submit chemical transport plans (16 cases, 7.1%). Conclusions: Most of the violations could have been prevented if the field personnel had paid sufficient attention. Thus, it is fundamentally necessary to create an environment for spontaneous safety management for themselves and to strengthen individual capabilities.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-100
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• 2013

Health damages such as pneumoconiosis and kidney damage, caused by environmental hazardous factors are being reported in health impact assessment conducted on environmentally vulnerable areas, including cement factories and refineries. Current legal system for relieving the environmental victims is not effective enough because the environmental health act does not specify the environmental hazardous factors to be considered for the relief. The aim of this study is to examine the problems of the existing system by making empirical analysis on health damages and afflicted people as well as on cases when afflicted people were able to be covered by remedy system. The results show that, insufficiencies of the relief system are due to the following reasons: First, current Environmental Health Act does not act well as a remedy system. Second, due to its unique nature of environmental health damage, it is hard to identify and prove the cause of health damage and unlawful actions of violators in the process of environmental dispute conciliation and lawsuits against polluters. This paper suggests following solutions on above mentioned problems. First, in defining the range and definition of environmental diseases, negative system should be used alongside with the current positive system. Second, we suggest adding the nature of public law to relief system, in order to ease the legal burden of proof. Third, in case when it is hard to identify the polluters and one cannot expect reliefs for their damage, it is possible to elevate the effectiveness of the relief measure by expanding scope of the search for possible environmental hazardous factors that caused the health damage. It is urgent to improve the relief system so as to secure the environmental rights of Koreans.