• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2008

This study developed a novel augmented reality interface for minimally invasive surgery. The augmented reality technique can alleviate the sensory feedback problem inherent to laparoscopic surgery. An augmented reality system merges real laparoscope image and reconstructed 3D patient model based on diagnostic medical image such as CT, MRI data. By using reconstructed 3D patient model, AR interface could express structure of patient body that is invisible outside visual field of laparoscope. Therefore, an augmented reality system improved sight information of limited laparoscope. In our augmented reality system, the laparoscopic view is located at the center of a wide-angle concave screen and reconstructed 3D patient model is displayed outside the laparoscope. By using a joystick, the laparoscopic view and the reconstructed 3D patient model view are changed concurrently. With our augmented reality system, the surgeon can see the peritoneal cavity from a wide angle of view, without having to move the laparoscope. Since the concave screen serves immersive environments, the surgeon can feel as if she is in the patient body. For these reasons, a surgeon can recognize easily depth information about inner parts of patient and position information of surgical instruments without laparoscope motion. It is possible for surgeon to manipulate surgical instruments more exact and fast. Therefore immersive augmented reality interface for minimally invasive surgery will reduce bodily, environmental load of a surgeon and increase efficiency of MIS.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2013

Recently, augmented reality has been proved immensely useful on a day to day basis when tied with location-based technology. In this paper, we present a new method for displaying augmented reality contents on mobile devices. We add 3D models on the view of the camera and use location-based services, motion sensors to calculate the transformation of models. Instead of remaining at a fixed position on camera view while moving around a 3D model, the model rotates on display in the opposite direction that the user is walking. We also design client as a ubiquitous client to reduce constraints on disk space and memory capacity on mobile devices. Implementation results show effective use in creating GPS-based 3D view augmented reality contents for Smart Mobile Devices.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.619-623
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• 2011

The evolution of technology has lead gaming playable in augmented reality and more games are developed only for augmented reality. There are mainly no supportive reasons for game designed in non-augmented reality and transforms to augmented reality. Genre of game played in augmented reality is always one of the defined game genres. In this paper, transformation process and effects of mobile games to augmented reality is discussed. Augmented reality game is recommended for mobile devices due to its portability. Modification for mobile games transformation including way of game rendering, game controlling, camera view controlling and game environment design are discussed. User experience is affected after the game transformed to augmented reality because of the differences in game controlling. The presence of game in real world is increased due to the usage of actual view in game playing.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

The augmented reality is the environment which consists of real-world view and information drawn by computer. Since the image which user can see through augmented reality device is a synthetic image composed by real-view and virtual image, it is important to make the virtual image generated by computer well harmonized with real-view image. In this paper, we present reviews of several works about computer vision and graphics methods which give user realistic augmented reality experience. To generate visually harmonized synthetic image which consists of a real and a virtual image, 3D geometry and environmental information such as lighting or material surface reflectivity should be known by the computer. There are lots of computer vision methods which aim to estimate those. We introduce some of the approaches related to acquiring geometric information, lighting environment and material surface properties using monocular or multi-view images. We expect that this paper gives reader's intuition of the computer vision methods for providing a realistic augmented reality experience.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.291-304
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• 2019

This paper proposes a dynamic-tiling-based bandwidth-efficient (DTBE) virtual reality (VR) streaming scheme. We consider 360-degree VR contents with multiple view points such as the front, back, upper, and bottom sides. At a given time, the focus of a client is always bound to a certain view among multiple view points. By utilizing this perspective, under our proposed scheme, tiles with high encoding rates are selectively assigned to the focused view where multiple view points consist of multiple tiles with different encoding rates. The other tiles with low encoding rates are assigned to the remaining view points. Furthermore, for reducing view adaptation delay, we design a novel rapid view adaptation mechanism that selectively delivers an I-frame during view point updates by using frame indexing. We implement the proposed scheme on a commercial VR test bed where we adopt the MPEG media transport (MMT) standard with high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) tile modes. The measurement-based experiments show that the proposed scheme achieves an average data usage reduction of almost 65.2% as well as average view adaptation delay reduction of almost 57.7%.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2017

Recently, VR HMD (virtual reality head mounted display) has been utilized for virtual training, entertainment, vision therapy, and optometry. In particular, virtual reality contents are increasingly used for vision therapy and optometry. Accordingly, high-quality virtual reality contents such as a natural vision of life is required. Therefore, it is necessary to study the content production according to the optical characteristics of the VR HMD. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a proper FOV (field of view) of contents according to the distortion rate. We produced virtual reality contents and obtained distorted images by virtual camera. The distortion rate is calculated by using the distorted image. It is proved that the optimal FOV of the VR content with the minimum distortion is $90{\sim}100^{\circ}$. The results of this study are expected to be applied to the production of high quality contents.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.335-341
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• 2018

This paper is a study on map contents to be embedded in a new type of mobile device that combines 2D information and 3D information by combining 2D information with augmented reality technology. We also describe the planning and production of a 3D map application called 'NSU AR Map' using Unity3D engine to help understand this paper. 'NSU AR Map' is a map application that enables accurate identification of user's location and real-world view through 360 View. Based on the experience gained during the process of 3D map application, this paper will present how 3D technologies and augmented reality technologies are applied to new map applications and how they can be developed in the future.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

In this paper, a view point tracking system has been realized for outdoor augmented reality including broad area monitoring. Since the surroundings of the moving view point are changing, it is necessary to track the position and observation moment of the view point system for consistency between real and virtual images. For this reason, the GPS(Global Positioning System) is applied to the realized system for tracking the information on position and direction of the moving system. In addition, an optical position tracking system that is able to track view point in a limited area is used, because the local tracking system has to trace the image variation, seen to the observer in a moving vehicle, at a particular position and time. It was found that the realized outdoor augmented reality system, which combined the virtual information tracked in real time with the real image, can be very practical in various application area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.68-69
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• 2001

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.86-100
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• 2005

This paper has examined how ugliness has aesthetically been portrayed in modern make-up. In the past, ugliness was regarded as an antonym of beauty, but it recently plays a role on part of beauty, as independent portion of art. It was Schegel who initially maintained the view. According to his theory, ugliness represents interesting things including suffering reality, shock, attention, humor, surprises brought by distort and deformation. Hegel had a different view on it. As for him, he had the notion that ugliness was the opposite to beauty and that it had to be dependent in art, he argued that art was subordinate to philosophy, and that it was just nostalgia for the past, not representing reality, therefore, it could not be a foothold in contemporary art. In this context, some images of ugliness can be classified accordingly to Schegel's view deteste, decadence and androgynous can be fallen into a category describing reality; fetish, kitsch and grotesque can be included in interesting things. There is no fine line between the two. There are sometimes things they have in common. They mutually draw attentions by distancing themselves from general images of beauty, or making many changes and distorts in its part, using unique materials, unprecedented attempts of colors which result in creative and shocking images. Attempts made in ugly images in modern art are widening its concept to depicting reality on the body of human beings, also creating its new definition, playing a major role in independent part of modern art, not in the past way like wearing make-up on the face to make it look better.