• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.77.1-77.7
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• 2023

Antibiotics are known to be able to cause hypersensitivity reactions through various mechanisms. We present a case of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) and anaphylactic shock occurring simultaneously in a dog after the administration of two classes of antibiotics, namely trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC). The patient recovered completely from DITP on discontinuation of TMP-SMX and the anaphylactic shock caused by AMC was treated with intensive care. DITP is a rare adverse drug reaction (ADR), and anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening ADR. This is the first case report of a dog manifesting two types of hypersensitivity reactions caused by two antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Mefentrifluconazole and triticonazole are the triazole fungicides. The maximum residue levels for agricultural products need to be set up. Therefore, development of the official analytical method for determination of mefentrifluconazole and triticonazole residues from agricultural crops was necessary due to safety management, and then a simultaneous analytical method was developed for the determination of mefentrifluconazole and triticonazole in agricultural crops. METHODS AND RESULTS: Samples were extracted using acetonitrile and purified using dispersive solid phase extraction, and then detected with liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Matrix-matched calibration curves (0.0025-0.25 ㎍/mL) were linear into a sample extract with r²>0.99. For validation, the recovery test was carried out at three fortification levels (LOQ, 10 LOQ and 50 LOQ) from agricultural samples. The results for mefentrifluconazole and triticonazole ranged between 92.3 to 115.3% and 91.4 to 108.5%, respectively and RSD (relative standard deviation) values were also below 6.0%. Furthermore, inter-laboratory was conducted to validate the method. CONCLUSION: All values were corresponded with the criteria ranges requested by both the CODEX (CAC/GL 40-1993, 2003) and MFDS guidelines (2016). Therefore, the proposed method can be used as an official analytical method for determination of mefentrifluconazole and triticonazole (triazole fungicides) in the Republic of Korea.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.432-438
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• 2016

Ethoxyquin (EQ, 1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline) is quinoline-based antioxidant used in the animal feed and food industry to protect the raw materials and final products against oxidation. In recent years the use of synthetic antioxidants in fishmeal ingredients carry-over to farmed fish fillets has received increasing attention in food safety. This study was conducted to develop an analytical method to determine EQ in aquatic products. The analytes were confirmed and quantified via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The sample was extracted with 1 N HCl (in case of flatfish extracted with 1 N HCl containing 10% acetonitrile). Then, solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the cleanup. Standard calibration curves presented linearity with the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) > 0.99, analyzed at 0.005-0.2 mg/kg concentration. The developed method was validated according to the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) guideline. The limits of quantitation for EQ were 0.01 mg/kg. Average recoveries ranged from 81.3% to 107%. The repeatability of measurements, expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV, %), was below 10%. The analytical method was characterized with high accuracy and acceptable sensitivity to meet CODEX guideline requirements and would be applicable to analyze the EQ residue in aquatic products.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2011

Toxocara (T.) canis and Trichuris (T.) vulpis are very important canine parasitic nematodes. T. canis parasitize in small intestine and T. vulpis parasitize in large intestine. In order to control of these nematodes, ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate compound was applied to the dogs infected with these parasites naturally and artificially. This drug was composed of $68.0{\mu}g$ of ivermectin and 57.0 mg of pyrantel pamoate for small animal, $136.0{\mu}g$ of ivermectin and 114.0 mg of pyrantel pamoate for middle animal, and $272.0{\mu}g$ of ivermectin and 227.0 mg of pyrantel pamoate for large animal. Ivermectin in this drug is activity to nematodes and ectoparisites. Pyrantel pamoate in this drug is also activity to nematodes. In this experiment, this drug had a good efficacy against T. canis and T. vulpis in the infected dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.846-849
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• 2018

A group of benign Theileria species, which are often referred to as T. orientalis/T. buffeli/T. sergenti group, has low pathogenicity in cattle. Herein, we report on Theileria spp. in cattle on a farm from China. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the major piroplasm surface protein gene sequences, we detected 6 genotypes that were categorized as Types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as well as an additional Type 9 genotype. The new epidemiological features of the T. orientalis/T. buffeli/T. sergenti parasites in China indicate a greater diversity in the genetics of these species than had been previously thought.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.135-151
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: The β-agonists known as phenyl ethanolamine derivatives have a conjugated aromatic ring with amino group. They are used as tocolytic agents and bronchodilator to human and animal generally, and some of them are used as growth promoters to livestock. METHODS AND RESULTS: β-agonists in samples were extracted by 0.4 N perchloric acid and ethyl acetate. The target compounds were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Validation of method was performed according to CODEX guidelines (CAC/GL-71). The matrix matched calibration gave correlation coefficients>0.98, and the obtained recoveries were in the range of 62.0-109.8%, with relative standard deviation ≤ 20.1%. In addition, a survey was performed to inspect any residual β-agonist from 100 samples of livestock and fishery products and ractopamine was detected in one of the 100 samples. CONCLUSION(S): In this study, we established the analytical method for β-agonists through using the expanded target compounds and samples. And we anticipate that the established method would be used for analysis to determine veterinary drug residues in livestock and fishery products.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is the establishment of scientific processes for making food safety policies. Thus, we investigated pesticide residue level of the agricultural commodities from market, and performed risk assessment. Fifteen agricultural items are chosen based on the frequency of Korean consumption. The samples were collected from 9 cities where populations are more than one million. Total 283 active ingredients were monitoring ( total sample number =232). Single-analysis of target pesticides was for three kinds of possible growth regulators and the multicomponent analysis was for 280 kinds of pesticides, a total of 283 species were selected to perform the pesticide residues. Before monitoring the analytes, the improvements of the analytical methods were done by method validations under the CODEX analytical method development guidelines and can produce metrics that represent the international standards applied in accordance with the guidelines. In addition to residual pesticides detected during monitoring we compare the ADI to EDI values using detected result and dietary consumption data which is extracted from annual market basket survey. The 163 samples were non-detected in the total 232 samples so it means that every agricultural commodity will residual pesticides-free in 70.3%. The detected residual pesticides showed for a total of 69 cases (29.7%). Two of samples violate Korean MRL (0.9%). The ratio of EDI compared to ADI resulted in only from 0.00087 to 0.902%. In result, we can assume that all detected residual pesticides are very safe level and current policies of Korean pesticides control may be working.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to develop analytical method with reproducibility, accuracy and applicability to agricultural products than the existing methods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mean recoveries of thidiazuron ranged from 89.2 to 91.2 in hulled rices, 87.2 to 92.1 in peppers, from 76.4 to 86.9 in potatoes, from 91.2 to 95.7 in watermelons, from 86.5 to 88.5 in kiwi fruits, and from 89.5 to 94.0 in grapes, with less than 10% of relative standard deviations. In addition, the limit of quantitation was set to be 0.05 mg/kg and there were no interfering peaks in integrating the thidiazuron peak. CONCLUSION(S): These results represent that the enhanced analytical method has reliable accuracy, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the residual amount of veterinary drugs such as meloxicam, flunixin, and tulathromycin in animal products (beef, pork, horsemeat, and milk). Veterinary drugs have been widely used in the rearing of livestock to prevent and treat diseases. A total of 152 samples were purchased from markets located in major Korean cities (Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Daejeon, Gwangju, Ulsan and Jeju), including Jeju. Veterinary drugs were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry according to the Korean Food Standards Code. The resulting data, which are located within 70-120% of recovery range and less than 20% of relative standard deviations, are in compliance with the criteria of CODEX. A total of five veterinary drugs were detected in 152 samples, giving a detection rate of approximately 3.3%; and no food source violated the guideline values. Our result indicated that most of the veterinary drug residues in animal products were below the maximum residue limits specified in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.214-223
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This study focused on the development of an analytical method about dichlorprop (DCPP; 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid) which is a plant growth regulator, a synthetic auxin for agricultural commodities. DCPP prevents falling of fruits during their growth periods. However, the overdose of DCPP caused the unwanted maturing time and reduce the safe storage period. If we take fruits with exceeding maximum residue limits, it could be harmful. Therefore, this study presented the analytical method of DCPP in agricultural commodities for the nation-wide pesticide residues monitoring program of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. METHODS AND RESULTS: We adopted the analytical method for DCPP in agricultural commodities by gas chromatograph in cooperated with Electron Capture Detector(ECD). Sample extraction and purification by ion-associated partition method were applied, then quantitation was done by GC/ECD with DB-17, a moderate polarity column under the temperature-rising condition with nitrogen as a carrier gas and split-less mode. Standard calibration curve presented linearity with the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) > 0.9998, analysed from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/L concentration. Limit of quantitation in agricultural commodities represents 0.05 mg/kg, and average recoveries ranged from 78.8 to 102.2%. The repeatability of measurements expressed as coefficient of variation (CV %) was less than 9.5% in 0.05, 0.10, and 0.50 mg/kg. CONCLUSION(S): Our newly improved analytical method for DCPP residues in agricultural commodities was applicable to the nation-wide pesticide residues monitoring program with the acceptable level of sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility.