• 대한화학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 1996

투과전자현민경(TEM)을 사용하여 실험 변수에 따른 베시클의 크기와 베시클간의 응집을 관찰하였다. 조절된 변수로는 (a) 반응온도의 변화, (b) Phosphatidylcholine 농도의 변화, (c) Phosphatidylcholine의 농도(0.39mM)를 일정하게 유지했을 때 알루미늄 이온의 농도변화:0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 M, (d) $Al(NO_3)_3{\cdot}9H_2O$에 Phosphatidylcholine을 1 wt%로 고정하여 이들의 농도 증가에 따른 전체농도의 변화 등을 실험한 결과 베시클크기와 베시클간의 응집이 관찰되었다. 반응온도가 증가할수록 Phosphatidylcholine 농도가 증가할수록 베시클의 크기가 감소되었다. 알루미늄 이온농도가 0.2M일 때 입자간의 응집과 합체로 비정상 베시클 성장이 관찰되었다. $Al(NO_3)_3{\cdot}9H_2O$에 대한 Phosphatidylcholine비가 1 wt%일 때 최적의 베시클 크기와 균일한 분포를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2011

Degree of unsaturation in fatty acid molecules plays an important role in the formation of vesicles. Vesicle formation from C18 fatty acids with different amount of double bonds such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid with the incorporation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DPPE-PEG2000) have been examined by TEM. Critical vesicular concentrations (CVC) of the vesicle suspension are determined by turbidity and surface tension methods. The CVC of fatty acids increases when the amount of unsaturation in the alkyl chain increases. On the other hand, stability of vesicle suspension has been examined by using particle size and zeta potential at $30^{\circ}C$. There was a dramatic decrease in particle size measurement from mono-unsaturation to tri-unsaturation which could be due to the effect of fluidity in the membrane bilayer caused by different degree of unsaturation. The values of zeta potential for vesicles that were formed without the incorporation of DPPE-PEG2000 were in the range of -70 mV to -100 mV. It has been observed that the incorporation of DPPEPEG2000 to the vesicle reduces the magnitude of zeta potential. However, this phenomenon does not obviously seen in fatty acid vesicles formed by linoleate-linoleic acid and linolenate-linolenic acid. We therefore conclude that the addition of DPPE-PEG2000 does not effectively improve the stability of the linoleate-linoleic acid and linolenatelinolenic acid vesicle at pH 9.0 after the evaluation of their particle size and zeta potential over a period of 30 days. Although the vesicles formed were not stable for more than 10 days, they have displayed the potential in encapsulating the active ingredients such as vitamin E and calcein. The results show that the loading efficiencies of vitamin E are of encouraging value.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

This study was carried out to clarify the neuronal organization in pineal body of catfish. The pineal body was observed by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and electron microscopy. The neuronal types observed in the pineal body of catfish were bipolar and multipolar cells. Multipolar cells were found throughout the pineal end vesicle and whole stalk, but bipolar cells only in the end vesicle and distal stalk. The pineal tract was formed by the long axons of these neurons. The neuronal clusters(pineal ganglia) were also observed in the end vesicle. In summary, the type of neurons in catfish pineal was different from that of other species, and the neuronal distribution differed depending on the region of pineal body. These results reflect the interspecific and regional differences of the pineal organization of fishes.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1993

Polymerized vesicles were prepared from the monomeric cholesterol-containing surfactant. Spacer groups were introduced into [(cholesteryloxy)carbonylmethyl] [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium chloride (CHODAMA). In case of introducing the spacer groups to the cholesterol moiety, both permeability of vesicles and that of polymerized vesicles were decreased. In case of introducing the spacer groups to monomeric moiety, permeability of vesicles was increased, while that of polymerized vesicles was decreased.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1142-1146
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• 1996

콜레스테롤을 갖는 계면활성제를 합성하고, 이 계면활성제를 단량체와 함께 물 속에서 음파파쇄(sonication)하여 막소포(vesicle)용액을 형성한 다음, 이 용액을 건조하여 분자들이 규칙적으로 배열된 분자 다층 구조를 갖는 막을 합성하였다. 이 막에 들어 있는 단량체들을 UV를 이용하여 중합하여 고분자가 층과 층 사이에 들어 있는 분자 다층 구조를 합성하였다. 중합이 끝난 후 유기 용매를 사용하여 계면활성제를 추출하여 2차원적인 구조를 갖는 초박막 층으로 이루어진 고분자 막을 합성하였다. 분자 다층 구조들을 X-ray Diffractometer로 분석하여 다층 구조를 어느 정도 잘 하고 있는지를 살펴보았으며, 유기 용매로 계면활성제를 추출해내고 나서 남은 고분자 막의 절단한 면을 SEM으로 살펴 보았다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 1996

중합반응을 할 수 있는 vinyl 기와 콜레스테롤 기를 갖는 계면활성제들을 합성하고, 이 계면활성제들을 물 속에서 sonication하여 vesicle 용액을 형성한 다음, 이 용액을 건조하여 분자들이 규칙적으로 배열된 분자 다층 구조를 갖는 막을 합성하였다. 이 막들을 UV를 이용하여 중합한 다음 분자량을 측정하여 중합성을 살펴보았으며, X-ray diffractometer로 분석하여 다층 구조를 어느 정도 잘하고 있는지극 살펴 보았다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.380-387
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• 2004

The preparation of $CaSO_4$ nanoparticle by vesicles formed spontaneously in cationic OTAC and anionic ADS mixed surfactant solution whose ratio is 0.3/0.7 is investigated. Added electrolytes for preparing nanoparticles reduce vesicle size about 200-300 nm comparing with that of pure vesicle whose size is 700-800 nm by DLS. The core of vesicles has 200 nm size and acts as nanoreactors which same size of monodisperse $CaSO_4$ nanopaticles are formed. Although $CaSO_4$ particles are formed at the outer of vesicles, they are very large and amorphous. The formed particles are identified with XRD analysis after separation due to coinciding with $CaSO_4$ particles.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.247-250
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• 2011

The excess volumes of mixing of benzyl alcohol and halothane in vesicle and in suspensions of several lipids have been determined at $25^{\circ}C$ it using a excess volume dilatometer. The potency of general anesthetics has long been known to correlate with lipid solubility. Denaturations of the vesicle, which is a sole membrane protein in the purple membrane of Halobacteriun Halobium, were studied by absorption changes at 280 nm and fluorescence changes at 330 nm and excess volume dilatometer. The particle size analysis of viscous polymer solutions by diffusional interchange is the key step by measurement. The excess volume of mixing in chitosan was found to be negative, whereas them of purple membrane, Halobacteriun Halobium and red membrane were positive in benzyl alcohol and halothane. This result was confirmed as Miller's supposition.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 2008

Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline and p-nitrophenyl palmitate were directly sonicated in acidic water for 6 minutes to give clear stock solutions. The catalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl palmitate was studied at $30-50^{\circ}C$ in the presence of unilamellar vesicle and mixture of unilamellar and multilamellar aggregates. The difference of reaction rate between unilamellar and multilamellar was observed. The rate of unilamellar reaction compared to the rate of mixture reaction showed more catalytic effect. The phase transition temperature of vesicle was measured at $37-44^{\circ}C$.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Previously, we demonstrated that the shift and/or restriction of feeding time during relatively short-term period (4 weeks) could alter the pituitary gonadotropin expression and the weights of seminal vesicle and prostate in rats. We also found that the reverse feeding (RF) schedule (up to 8 weeks) might induce an adaptable metabolic stress and cause impairment of androgen-dependent reproductive tissues. In the present study, we extended the RF time regimen up to 12 weeks, and measured the reproductive tissue weights. After 4 and 8 weeks of RF, the weights of epididymis were not significantly different. After 12 weeks, however, epididymis weights of RF animals were significantly different (CON 12W : RF 12W = $48.26{\pm}0.62mg$ : $44.05{\pm}1.57mg$, p<0.05). After 4 and 12 weeks of feeding, seminal vesicle weights of RF animals were significantly decreased (CON 4W : RF 4W = $79.36{\pm}8.34mg$ : $46.28{\pm}2.43mg$, p<0.001; CON 12W : RF 12W = $72.04{\pm}3.76mg$ : $46.71{\pm}2.27mg$, p<0.001, respectively). Prostate weights were not changed by RF. Kidney and spleen weights of RF animals were significantly different on weeks 4 and 12 (Kidney, CON 4W : RF 4W = $249.72{\pm}4.20mg$ : $228.41{\pm}3.03mg$, p<0.001; CON 12W : RF 12W = $309.15{\pm}7.49mg$ : $250.72{\pm}6.13mg$, p<0.001, respectively, Spleen, CON 4W : RF 4W = $111.26{\pm}3.76mg$ : $96.88{\pm}4.69mg$, p<0.05; CON 12W : RF 12W = $123.93{\pm}10.72mg$ : $94.68{\pm}5.65mg$, p<0.05, respectively). Histology analysis of seminal vesicle revealed that the thinner epithelial cell layers, reduced complexities of swollen papilla folding in the exocrine glands on weeks 4 and 12 of RF. There was no histological difference between control and RF group on week 8. The present study indicates that up to 12 weeks RF induced differential changes in tissue weights of male mice. In particular, seminal vesicle, kidney and spleen seemed to temporarily adapted to the RF-induced metabolic stress on week 8 of feeding schedule. These results confirmed the our previous study that the RF might induce an adaptable metabolic stress and cause impairment of androgen-dependent reproductive tissues such as epididymis and seminal vesicle as well as non-reproductive tissues such as kidney and spleen. Further studies will be needed to achieve a better understanding of the how does mealtime shift affect the reproductive function and exact nature of adaptation.