• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.159-168
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of the porcelain laminate specimens according to the surface roughness of the cut enamel of human anterior teeth. Flat enamel surfaces were prepared in 30 extracted human anterior teeth with diamond disc which were divided into two groups. Group 1 Coarse enamel surface group prepared with LVS-3 bur. Group 2 Fine enamel surface group prepared with superfine diamond bur. 30 teeth specimens of two group were stored in normal saline during 24 hours. 30 disk - type porcelain laminate specimens with diameter 4mm and thickness 1mm were made and sand - blasted on internal surface which were to cemented on enamel surface. Porcelain laminate specimens were cemented on enamel surface with Choice Veneer System (Bisco Dental, U.S.A) according to manufacture's instructions. All teeth specimens of two groups were manipulated with same method and stored In normal saline before testing. An Universal Testing machine (Model No.UTM-4206,Instron, U.S.A) was used to apply shear loads in the vertical directed, and the force required for separation was recorded with a cross head speed of 3mm/min and 500kg in full scale. The results were as follow ; 1. The mean shear bond strength of coarse surface group was 36.30kg and that of fine surface group was 44.39 kg, but there was no significant difference in breaking strength of two groups(p>0.05).

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.195-208
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• 2023

The nodular diaphragm wall (NDW) is a novel type of foundation with favorable engineering characteristics, which has already been utilized in high-rise buildings and high-speed railways. Compared to traditional diaphragm walls, the NDW offers significantly improved vertical bearing capacity due to the presence of nodular parts while reducing construction time and excavation work. Despite its potential, research on the vertical bearing characteristics of NDW requires further study, and the investigation and visualization of its displacement pattern and failure mode are scant. Meanwhile, the measurement of the force component acting on the nodular parts remains challenging. In this paper, the vertical bearing characteristics of NDW are studied in detail through the indoor model test, and the displacement and failure mode of the foundation is analyzed using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology. The principles and methods for monitoring the force acting on the nodular parts are described in detail. The research results show that the nodular part plays an essential role in the bearing capacity of the NDW, and its maximum load-bearing ratio can reach 30.92%. The existence of the bottom nodular part contributes more to the bearing capacity of the foundation compared to the middle nodular part, and the use of both middle and bottom nodular parts increases the bearing capacity of the foundation by about 9~12% compared to a single nodular part of the NDW. The increase in the number of nodular parts cannot produce a simple superposition effect on the resistance born by the nodular parts since the nodular parts have an insignificant influence on the exertion and distribution of the skin friction of NDW. The existence of the nodular part changes the displacement field of the soil around NDW and increases the displacement influence range of the foundation to a certain extent. For NDWs with three different nodal arrangements, the failure modes of the foundations appear to be local shear failures. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the performance and behavior of NDWs, which will aid in their effective utilization and further research in the field.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.749-766
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• 2012

Structural control through integration of passive damping devices within the building structure has been increasingly implemented internationally in the last years and has proven to be a most promising strategy for earthquake safety. In the present paper an alternative configuration of an innovative energy dissipation mechanism that consists of slender tension only bracing members with closed loop and a hysteretic damper is investigated in its dynamic behavior. The implementation of the adaptable dual control system, ADCS, in frame structures enables a dual function of the component members, leading to two practically uncoupled systems, i.e., the primary frame, responsible for the normal vertical and horizontal forces and the closed bracing-damper mechanism, for the earthquake forces and the necessary energy dissipation. Three representative international earthquake motions of differing frequency contents, duration and peak ground acceleration have been considered for the numerical verification of the effectiveness and properties of the SDOF systems with the proposed ADCS-configuration. The control mechanism may result in significant energy dissipation, when the geometrical and mechanical properties, i.e., stiffness and yield force of the integrated damper, are predefined. An optimum damper ratio, DR, defined as the ratio of the stiffness to the yield force of the hysteretic damper, is proposed to be used along with the stiffness factor of the damper's- to the primary frame's stiffness, in order for the control mechanism to achieve high energy dissipation and at the same time to prevent any increase of the system's maximum base shear and relative displacements. The results are summarized in a preliminary design methodology for ADCS.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제10권4호통권37호
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• pp.615-627
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• 1998

곡선 격자형교의 최대 전단력. 최대 휨 모멘트, 최대 순수 비틈모멘트, 최대 뒴비틈모멘트, 최대 바이모멘트를 계산하기 위하여 곡선 격자형교에 작용하는 활하중의 재하위치를 찾는 것이 중요하고 영향선을 이용하면 이 값들을 쉽게 계산할 수 있다. 등 변단면 I-형 곡선격자형교를 해석하기 위해. 본연구에서는 Vlasov의 기초미분방정식을 이용하고, 이의 수치적 해석을 위해 유한차분법을 적용하여 등 변단면의 최대부재력이 발생하는 위치에서 등 변단면의 휨모멘트, 전단력, 순수비틈모멘트, 뒴비틀모멘트, 바이모멘트의 영향선을 구하여 비교 제시하였고 이를 이용해 최대부재력이 발생하도록 하는 활하중의 재하위치를 구하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호통권33호
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• pp.501-513
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• 1997

뒴비틀림 효과를 고려한 곡선보의 일반적 거동은 Vlasov에 의해 제시된 미분 방정식으로 표시된다. 곡선 격자형교의 최대 전단력, 최대 휨 모멘트, 최대 순수비틀림 모멘트, 최대 뒴비틀림 모멘트, 최대 바이모멘트를 계산하기 위하여 곡선 격자형교에 작용하는 활하중의 재하위치를 찾는 것이 중요하고 영향선을 이용하여 쉽게 계산할 수 있다. 본 연구는 곡선격자교의 구조적 거동을 해석하기 위해서 곡선보는 Vlasov에 의해 제시된 곡선부재의 뒴비틀림효과를 고려한 거동에 관한 기초 미분 방정식으로 유한차분법을 도입하였고, 격벽(Diaphragm)을 보의 상대적 변위의 항으로 나타내기 위해서 강성도법을 도입하여 각각 정식화시켰고 이를 이용하여 단위 수직하중 및 단위 비틀림 모벤트에 의한 I-형 곡선격자교의 전단력, 휨 모멘트, 순수비틀림 모멘트, 뒴비틀림 모멘트, 바이모멘트의 영향선을 구하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1992년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.7-12
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• 1992

The variable node plate bending element, ie, the element with one or two additional mid-side nodes is used in the analysis of mat foundation to generate the nearly ideal grid model in which more nodes are defined near the column location. The plate bending element used in this study is the one based on Mindlin/Reissner plate theory with substitute shear strain field and the nodal stresses of that element are obtained by the local smoothing technique. The interaction of the soil material with the mat foundation is modeled with Winkler springs connected to the nodal points in the mat model. The vertical stiffness of the soil material are represented in terms of a modulus of subgrade reaction and are computed in the same way as to the computation of consistent nodal force of uniform surface loading. Several mesh schemes were proposed and tested to find the most suitable scheme for mat foundation analysis.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2006

In this thesis, the crack investigation, the damage investigation, the drawing check, and the structural analysis were performed on a curved hollow RC(reinforced concrete) slab bridge structure to assess the structural safety of that. From the crack investigation result, main reason of crack occurrence is guessed with travelling of the large truck. Therefore reinforcement of slab structure is necessary by using the steel plate. When structural analysis, the straight beam model, the curved beam model, and the curved plate model is used. From the results of structural analysis for curved hollow RC slab bridge, the maximum bending moment and the maximum shear force was not a difference in each models. But the vertical displacement of mid span using the curved beam model was greater than that using the other models.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1998

Rotating flow of a stratified fluid contained in a circular cylinder with unstable temperature gradient imposed on the side wall of it has been numerically studied. The temperatures at the endwall disks are constant. The top disk of the container is coider than that of the bottob disk, as much as the temperature difference n${\Delta}$T, (0${\leq}$n${\leq}$3). Flows in the vessel are driven by an impulsive rotation of the hot bottom disk with respect to the central axis of the cylinder. Flow details have been acquired. For this flow, the principal balance in the interior core is characterized by a relationship between the radial temperature gradient and the vertical shear in the azimuthal velocity. As the buoyancy effect becomes appreciable, larger portions of the meridional fluid transport are long-circuit from the bottom disk to the interior region via the side wall.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.559-559
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• 2012

We developed a new scheme for the highly sensitive near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) by using a dithering sample stage rather than a dithering probe. In the proposed scheme, the sample is directly loaded on one prong surface of a dithering bare tuning fork. Gap control between probe and sample is performed by detecting the shear force between an immobile fiber probe and the dithering sample. In a conventional NSOM, the Q factor drastically decreases from 7783 to 1000 or even to 100 by attaching a probe to the tuning fork. In our proposed NSOM, on the contrary, the Q factor does not change significantly, 7783 to 7480, when the sample is loaded directly to the tuning fork instead of attaching a probe. Consequently, the graphene sheets that cannot be observed by a conventional NSOM were clearly observed by the proposed method with sub-nanometer vertical resolution due to the extremely high Q factor.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1992

The distribution of the pressure between the sole of a feet and a supporting surface can reveal the information about the structure and fonction of the foot and the posural control of the whole body. In particular, the measurement of the vertical contact forces between the plantar surface of the foot and the shoe insole is of great importance to reveal the loading distributio patterns incurred from a particular shoe midsole design. In order to investigate the plantar surface pressure distribution, an insole-type sensor with a piezoelectric material is developed and tested. The present paper describes a new method to completely reduce both the shear force and pyroelectric effects that are normally caused from piezoelectric materials.