• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2009

구조물과 지반상호간의 동적 특성 및 지진원 등을 보다 신뢰성 있게 평가하기 위해 지반의 증폭특성을 반드시 고려하여야 한다. 지반증폭 특성을 분석하는 방법은 여러 가지가 제시되어 있으나 본 연구에서는 Nakamura(1989)에 의해 제시된 방법을 적용하였다. 이 방법은 얕은 지반의 상시미동의 표면파의 특성을 이해하기 위해 제시되어 한계점이 존재하나 근래에 와서 전단파 에너지 등에 적용범위가 넓어지면서 간단한 지반의 동적인 증폭특성 연구에 많이 이용되고 있다. Nakamura(1989)가 제시한 방법을 이용하여 본진 및 11개 후진을 포함한 후쿠오카 지진으로부터 최근 한반도 남부에 설치된 지진관측계에 관측된 지진자료를 이용하여 각각 지진관측소 지반의 동적인 증폭특성을 분석하였다. 결과에 의하면 지진관측소마다 고유주파수, 고주파수 및 저주파수 대역에서 서로 다른 증폭특성을 보여주었다. 특히 각각 관측소 부지의 고유주파수는 각 관측소에서 관측한 지진자료의 질을 좌우하므로 정확한 분석이 필요하다. 또한 본 연구결과를 이용하여 국내 지반의 분류 연구에 많은 정보를 줄 수 있으며 또한 관측 지반진동으로부터 지반고유의 증폭특성을 제거하면 지진원 변수를 보다 신뢰성 있게 도출할 수 있다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.253-280
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• 2010

A new prediction model is derived for the uplift capacity of suction caissons using a hybrid method coupling genetic programming (GP) and simulated annealing (SA), called GP/SA. The predictor variables included in the analysis are the aspect ratio of caisson, shear strength of clayey soil, load point of application, load inclination angle, soil permeability, and loading rate. The proposed model is developed based on well established and widely dispersed experimental results gathered from the literature. To verify the applicability of the proposed model, it is employed to estimate the uplift capacity of parts of the test results that are not included in the modeling process. Traditional GP and multiple regression analyses are performed to benchmark the derived model. The external validation of the GP/SA and GP models was further verified using several statistical criteria recommended by researchers. Contributions of the parameters affecting the uplift capacity are evaluated through a sensitivity analysis. A subsequent parametric analysis is carried out and the obtained trends are confirmed with some previous studies. Based on the results, the GP/SA-based solution is effectively capable of estimating the horizontal, vertical and inclined uplift capacity of suction caissons. Furthermore, the GP/SA model provides a better prediction performance than the GP, regression and different models found in the literature. The proposed simplified formulation can reliably be employed for the pre-design of suction caissons. It may be also used as a quick check on solutions developed by more time consuming and in-depth deterministic analyses.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-57
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• 2009

This paper presents the details of a novel external prestressing technique for strengthening of concrete members. In the proposed technique, transfer of external force is in shear mode on the end block thus creating a complex stress distribution and the required transverse prestressing force is lesser compared to conventional techniques. Steel brackets are provided on either side of the end block for transferring external prestressing force and these are connected to the anchor blocks by expansion type anchor bolts. In order to validate the technique, an experimental investigation has been carried out on post-tensioned end blocks. Performance of the end blocks have been studied for design, cracking and ultimate loads. Slip and slope of steel bracket have been recorded at various stages during the experiment. Finite element analysis has been carried out by simulating the test conditions and the responses have been compared. From the analysis, it has been observed that the computed slope and slip of the steel bracket are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental observations. A simplified analytical model has been proposed to compute load-deformation of the loaded steel bracket with respect to the end block. Yield and ultimate loads have been arrived at based on force/moment equilibrium equations at critical sections. Deformation analysis has been carried out based on the assumption that the ratio of axial deformation to vertical deformation of anchor bolt would follow the same ratio at the corresponding forces such as yield and ultimate. It is observed that the computed forces, slip and slopes are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental observations.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2002

3차원 흐름 모델링시스템 FEMOS를 개발하고, 아산만 조류분포를 모의하였다. 개발된 시스템은 조간대 모의를 할 수 있으며, 수치해석방법으로 유한요소법을 사용하여 격자형성이 자유스러우며, 복잡한 해안선을 효과적으로 나타낼 수 있다. 넓은 조간대와 큰 조차, 얕은 수심을 가진 아산만의 조류분포 모의에 시스템을 적용한 결과, 모의결과는 장기간의 중층에서 유속변화, 층별 유속의 시간변화와 일치하는 양호한 계산결과를 보였다. 아산항 건설 전·후 조류 계산결과에 기초하여 산정한 바닥마찰응력 분포 변화를 수심변화 관측결과와 비교한 결과, 마찰음력이 증가하는 곳에서는 침식으로 수심이 깊어지고, 감소하는 곳에서는 퇴적으로 수심이 얕아지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 개발된 본 모델링시스템은 그 적용성이 입증됨에 따라 복잡한 해안선과 지형을 가진 연안해역의 해수유동 연구에 널리 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2014

This paper presents the determination of the structural system of the Changsha IFC T1 tower with 452 m in architectural height and 440.45 m in structural height. Sensitivity analyses are carried out by varying the location of belt trusses and outriggers. The enhancement of seismic capacity of the outer frame by reasonably adjusting the column size is confirmed based on parametric studies. The results from construction simulation including the non-load effect of structures demonstrate that the deformation of vertical members has little effect on the load-bearing capacity of belt trusses and outriggers. The elastoplastic time-history analysis shows that the overall structure under rare earthquake load remains in an elastic state. The influence of the frame shear ratio and frame overturning moment ratio on the proposed model and equivalent mega column model is investigated. It is found that the frame overturning moment ratio is more applicable for judging the resistance of the outer frame against lateral loads. Comparison is made on the variation of these two effects between a classical frame-core tube-outrigger structure and a structure with diagonal braces between super columns under rare earthquakes. The results indicate that plasticity development of the top core cube of the braced structure may be significantly improved.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2015

PURPOSE. This in vitro study aimed to compare the failure load and failure characteristics of two different zirconia framework designs of premolar crowns when subjected to static loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two types of zirconia frameworks, conventional 0.5 mm even thickness framework design (EV) and 0.8 mm cutback of full contour crown anatomy design (CB), were made for 10 samples each. The veneer porcelain was added on under polycarbonate shell crown made by vacuum of full contour crown to obtain the same total thickness of the experiment crowns. The crowns were cemented onto the Cobalt-Chromium die. The dies were tilted 45 degrees from the vertical plane to obtain the shear force to the cusp when loading. All crowns were loaded at the lingual incline of the buccal cusp until fracture using a universal testing machine with cross-head speed 0.5 mm/min. The load to fracture values (N) was recorded and statistically analyzed by independent sample t-test. RESULTS. The mean and standard deviations of the failure load were $1,170.1{\pm}90.9$ N for EV design and $1,450.4{\pm}175.7$ N for CB design. A significant difference in the compressive failure load was found (P<.05). For the failure characteristic, the EV design was found only cohesive failures within veneering porcelain, while the CB design found more failures through the zirconia framework (8 from 10 samples). CONCLUSION. There was a significant difference in the failure load between two designs, and the design of the framework influences failure characteristic of zirconia crown.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2008

충전물이 암 절리면의 전단강도를 감소시키는 것과 유사하게 콘크리트와 주변 암반근입부 사이의 연약한 물질은 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 주면저항력을 감소시킨다. 이러한 현상은 콘크리트 타설 후에 암반 근입부 측벽에서 천공잔류물이나 스미어 또는 재성형 암반을 생성시키는 시공과정에서도 형성되게 된다. 콘크리트 말뚝과 주변 암반 사이의 접촉면의 특성은 시공법에 따라서 크게 영향을 받는다. 콘크리트 타설과정 또는 그 이후 형성되는 연약한 물질이 존재하거나 거칠기와 같은 콘크리트-암 접촉면의 특성은 말뚝의 주면부 거동에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 유한차분법 코드를 기반으로 하는 FLAC 2D를 이용하여 스미어현상이 발생한 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 거동특성을 조사하기 위하여 변수분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과로서, 정적연직하중을 받는 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 극한주면저항력에 영향을 미치는 요소와 말뚝두부의 침하에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3014-3021
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• 2015

셀-튜브 열교환기는 다양한 크기와 유동형태로 쉽게 제작이 용이함으로 산업분야에 널리 이용된다. 본 연구에서는 열교환기의 열전달성능을 도모하고자 배플의 컷 방향, 배플의 경사각 및 배플의 회전각 등을 변경하여 ANSYS FLUENT v.14를 사용한 SST $k-{\omega}$ 난류모델을 적용하여 쉘 내부의 열전달률 및 압력강하 특성을 해석하였다. 그 해석결과로 배플의 컷 방향은 수평형 모델 A보다 수직형 모델 B 및 각도 $45^{\circ}$형 모델 C가 이 열전달성능이 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 배플의 경사각을 $10^{\circ}$로 적용한 경우와 배플의 회전각을 $0^{\circ}-90^{\circ}-180^{\circ}-270^{\circ}$로 배치한 모델 D의 경우가 열전달률 및 압력강하 특성이 우수한 결과를 나타냈다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2012

This paper presents the details of studies conducted on hollow concrete block masonry (HCBM) units and wall panels. This study includes, compressive strength of unit block, ungrouted and grouted HCB prisms, flexural strength evaluation, testing of HCBM panels with and without opening. Non-linear finite element (FE) analysis of HCBM panels with and without opening has been carried out by simulating the actual test conditions. Constant vertical load is applied on the top of the wall panel and then lateral load is applied in incremental manner. The in-plane deformation is recorded under each incremental lateral load. Displacement ductility factors and response reduction factors have been evaluated based on experimental results. From the study, it is observed that fully grouted and partially reinforced HCBM panel without opening performed well compared to other types of wall panels in lateral load resistance and displacement ductility. In all the wall panels, shear cracks originated at loading point and moved towards the compression toe of the wall. The force reduction factor of a wall panel with opening is much less when compared with fully reinforced wall panel with no opening. The displacement values obtained by non-linear FE analysis are found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values. The influence of mortar joint has been included in the stress-strain behaviour as a monolith with HCBM and not considered separately. The derived response reduction factors will be useful for the design of reinforced HCBM wall panels subjected to lateral forces generated due to earthquakes.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2013

The Xiaolan channel super large bridge is unique in style and with greatest span in the world with a total length of 7686.57 m. The main bridge with spans arranged as 100m+220m+100m is a combined structure composed of prestressed concrete V-shape rigid frame and concrete-filled steel tubular flexible arch. First of all, the author compiles APDL command flow program by using the unit birth-death technique and establishes simulation calculation model in the whole construction process. The creep characteristics of concrete are also taken into account. The force ratio of the suspender, arch and beam is discussed. The authors conduct studies on the three-plate webs's rule of shear stress distribution, the box girder's longitudinal bending normal stress on every construction stage, meanwhile the distribution law of longitudinal bending normal stress and transverse bending normal stress of completed bridge's box girder. Results show that, as a new combined bridge, it is featured by: Girder and arch resist forces together; Moment effects of the structure are mainly presented as compressed arch and tensioned girder; The bridge type brings the girder and arch on resisting forces into full play; Great in vertical stiffness and slender in appearance.