• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2023

By limiting population and land resources, a high-density urban form has become the inevitable choice for central cities in the rapid growth of many large cities in China. Due to the shift in urban growth and focus, high-density urban areas require restoration and improvement. This study intends to combine ancient and new districts, establish strategies for enhancing urban function, spatial utility, industry, and transportation, and thus enhance regional holistic effectiveness, by performing in-depth research.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.89-96
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• 2001

The LCD monitor market enjoyed rapid growth in 1999 but only experienced modest growth in 2000. It is now poised for rapid growth from 2001 to 2005 as prices and costs decline. Price reductions will enable LCD monitors to move beyond limited vertical markets and extend into the broader consumer markets. This article will examine the future outlook for LCD monitors and provide a growth forecast.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2016

Dendrophyllia compressa Ogawa and Takahashi, 1995 is newly reported from Korea. The specimen was collected off Seogwipo, Jeju-do, Korea in 1969. It is described herein based on the morphological characters of the skeletal structures. Dendrophyllia compressa is characterized by its small and bushy growth form with branches, vertical growth direction, small calicular diameter, compressed calice, Pourtalès Plan with vertical septal inner edges, flat and spongy columella, exserted septal upper margins, and epitheca. Dendrophyllia compressa has been synonymized with Cladopsammia eguchii . However, the former species differs from the latter species in its growth form, growth direction, colony size, corallite size, and corallite shape.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.414-424
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• 2021

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the skeletal and dental maturity according to the vertical facial type and sex in Korean children in the developmental stage. In total, 184 participants aged 8 - 14 years were selected and divided into three groups based on the mandibular plane angle. For the comparison between the sexes, the three groups were each divided into male and female subgroups. The skeletal and dental maturity were assessed using lateral cephalograms, hand-wrist radiographs and panoramic radiographs. The vertical growth group showed significantly greater cervical vertebral and hand-wrist maturity than that in the horizontal growth group. Dental maturity was the highest in the vertical growth group. Girls showed greater skeletal maturity than boys, and no distinct difference was observed between the dental maturity of the sexes. Analysis of the vertical facial type in children can provide ancillary indicators that may help determine the optimal timing for orthodontic treatment initiation. Earlier initiation of orthodontic treatment may be considered for patients with vertical facial growth patterns.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2019

The objective of this study is three-fold: to investigate the relationship between information technology (IT) investment and inventory turnover, using 98 U.S. firms spanning eleven years (from 1999 to 2009); to analyze the correlation of inventory turnover with firm and industry characteristics, where vertical integration and growth options are chosen to reflect the features of the firm's internal characteristics, and industry dynamism and industry concentration are selected to represent the industry's competitive environment; and to examine time trends in inventory turnover. The significant findings include the following: (i) both IT investment and growth options have a positive impact on inventory turnover; (ii), but vertical integration and industry concentration have a negative impact on inventory turnover; (iii) the impact of industry dynamism on inventory turnover positive; and (iv) the time trends in inventory turnover and 'adjusted inventory turnover' have been increased during the sample period from 1999 to 2009.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.136-149
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• 2013

We studied the characteristics and the growth mechanism of surface cracks from the Naksansa seven-storied stone pagoda(Treasure No. 499). The pagoda is composed of both medium-grained, porphyritic biotite granite and hornblende-biotite granite. Alkali feldspar megacrysts are easily found as phenocrysts in the rocks. Surface cracks intensely developed at the lower part of the stone pagoda, and their directions are of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal. The rocks of the pagoda have intrinsic microcracks which can be defined as rift and grain rock cleavages. Both rock cleavages seems likely to have led to the crack growth and consequently to the mechanical deterioration of the pagoda. The vertical cracks developed parallel to the vertical compressive stress, whereas horizontal ones formed by tensile strength normal to the vertical compression. In addition mineral cleavages and twin planes of alkali feldspar phenocrysts seems to have been closely related to the mechanical breakdown of the rocks in the NE part of the pagoda.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.270-279
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• 2016

This study explained vertical distributions and growth environments for woody vegetation. It had been degenerated by long-term volcanic activity of Sakurajima; vegetation and thicknesses of tephra layers and forest soils were investigated at 5 sites (250-700 m in altitude) with different altitudes localized at the northwestern-northern flanks of Sakurajima in Kagoshima Prefecture. The results in 2015 were compared with the vertical distribution of woody vegetation in 1963, when the volcanic activity of Sakurajima was relatively moderate. Thus, we investigated temporal changes in the vertical distribution of woody vegetation owing to volcanic activity over about 50 years (1963-2015). We indicated altitude decreased, the number of woody vegetation, number of species, sum of cross-sectional area of tree diameter at breast height, Fisher-Williams's diversity index ${\alpha}$, and forest soil thickness increased. However, these values were found to be degenerated when compared to climax forest values, and succession was incomplete. It seems that because the woody vegetation of the flank was affected by volcanic activity for a long time, exposing them to severe growth environments, areas with lower altitudes became distant from the craters of Sakurajima, thereby weakening the effect of volcanic activity in these areas at lower altitudes. a at the same altitudes over about 50 years (1963-2015) decreased by about 31-72%, and the sum of the cross-sectional area in tree diameter at breast heights decreased by about 14-62%. Thus, comparative growth environments for woody vegetation in 2015 were more severe than that of 1963, with respect to tephra layer thickness. In addition, for vegetation succession in the flank of Sakurajima, vegetation restoration should be promoted through the introduction of artificial woody plants covered by symbiotic microorganisms or organic materials.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.51-60
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• 2012

Large-scale urban developments with increasing population and expansion of industrial facilities have destroyed the ecosystem. Consequently, the importance of vertical farm as a form of urban agriculture is increasing. However, such problems of vertical farms as economy and lack of awareness of residents are being raised. Firstly, this study derived types of vertical farm that are applicable to residential spaces through an examination of vertical farm buildings, and then inferred assessment items for a questionnaire survey for the development of u-services. Secondly, based on the issues deduced from the survey, u-services needed in vertical farm buildings were derived to use them as the basic data when we plan for a ubiquitous vertical farm building in residential space in the future. As result, the following uservices of ubiquitous vertical farm were proposed: u-notification service about the condition of crops from the aspect of growth management based on ubiquitous technology, remote/automatic control u-services, harvest information u-service for harvest management, recipe information u-service, and indoor air quality monitoring u-service, indoor environment adjusting u-service, and farm environment control u-service. Considering that many new buildings in Korea are residential buildings and many high-rise buildings are being planned, studies on vertical farm buildings must be continued.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.572-577
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• 1999

Research was initiated to evaluate plant growth regulator effects on the vertical shoot growth of Korean lawngrass and to determine desirable growth regulator and its rate. The experiments were conducted twice at different sites in 1995. All the tested growth regulators inhibited the growth, but the inhibition period was variable among the product in Experiments I and II. During the first week after treatment, there was approximately 10 to 20% growth reduction in most of the treated plots. In the amidochlor-treated plots, growth suppression was effective for 3 to 4 weeks at low to medium rates ($0.60mL{\cdot}m^{-2}$). A Type II growth regulator, trinexapac-ethyl exceeding the medium rate of $0.08mL{\cdot}m^{-2}$ consistently tended to suppress vertical shoot growth for 8 weeks, being above 35% reduction in both experiments. In the plots applied with mefluidide, growth suppression appeared with foliar discoloration 3 or 4 days earlier than the other growth regulators and continued to work till the 8 weeks after treatment. Suppression intensity on vertical shoot growth increased with time after treatment up to a certain period of time, depending on growth regulators. Generally, the higher the application rate, the greater the suppression intensity. Seasonal variation of activity and effectiveness of growth regulators was observed, resulting in lower suppression intensity in July than in June. It is expected to reduce mowing requirements by 30 to up to 60% for a certain period with a specific growth regulator. In low to medium maintenance of Korean lawngrass turf, a long-term suppression may be more effectively accomplished with trinexapac-ethyl rather than mefluidide and amidochlor in terms of vertical shoot growth inhibition. Therefore, turf managers will need to select proper growth regulator and determine optimum rate of application for turfgrass management, based on a defined period of mowing reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.108-120
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• 2004

Object : Patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism have various causes and clinical features. So, it is difficult to find a satisfactory treatment method functionally and esthetically. Every traditional classification and interpretation to find etiopathogenesis and/or to establish ideal surgical modality has many limitations because it can't be applied simply to various conditions of patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism. Therefore, we employ a new classification to interpret more details of the morphologic change of mandible and the spatial change of mandible and maxilla. Materials and Methods : Using panoramic X-ray films, PA cephalograms and submentovertex films of 126 patients diagnosed with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism as resources, the following results were gathered after analyzing each characteristics through distributing the patterns according to the morphological mandibular asymmetry and mandibular and maxillary spatial asymmetry. Results : Almost frequency of morphological mandibular asymmetry was shown. In case of condyle-ramus elongation and body elongation group, it's frequency was the highest. Higher frequency of compensating vertical growth was shown on the side of over growing maxilla in case of vertical length difference between left and right condyle-ramus. On the other hand, higher frequency of no compensating vertical growth difference between left and right side was shown in case of no vertical length difference in condyle-ramus. Spatial mandibular asymmetry generally occurred when there was no morphological mandibular asymmetry. Correlation between condyle length difference and condyle-ramus length difference between left and right side was very high, but correlation between condyle length difference and body length difference, and correlation between condyle length difference and body vertical length difference was low. Conclusion : In case of patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism, it is suggested that various pattern of facial asymmetry is occurred by the independent growth of each unit rather than dependent growth of other unit by major growth unit abnormality. Due to the untypical pattern and the various asymmetry occurring according to the changes of each mandibular growth unit, it is considered that an appropriate surgical method should be searched based on the accurate recognition of the each pattern for patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism.