• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2021

Background and objective: Vertical smart farm (VSF) is an alternative that contributes to solving various problems such as climate change and food shortage. This study focused on the types and awareness of VSF to introduce and diffuse VSF. We aimed to investigate the types of VSF and citizens' awareness on VSF. We analyzed 1) where the smart farm technology could be implemented on a building; 2) what citizens think about VSF; and 3) suggested what is most necessary for the introduction and diffusion of VSF in the future based on citizens' perception. Methods: VSF types were investigated through case studies on VSF in Korea and overseas. Citizens' perception on VSF was investigated through a questionnaire survey. A statistical analysis was conducted with the survey results for implications of the introduction and diffusion of VSF. Results: Four types of VSF were derived: rooftop farms, facade farms, indoor farms, and farms using the whole building. The survey showed that 29.2%, 27.8%, and 22.2% of respondents knew well about urban agriculture, smart farms, and vertical smart farms, respectively. Respondents answered that improving awareness is the most important factor to introduce VSF. According to the statistical analysis, it was determined that education and promotion of the necessity of VSF would be important to diffuse the VSF. Conclusion: VSF can be a solution to a variety of problems we face. The results of this study suggest a direction for the introduction and diffusion of VSF. In order to introduce VSF in the future, additional studies must be conducted on the legal system.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.538-541
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• 2005

Tidal flats develop along the south coast ofthe Korean peninsula. These areas are famous for sea farming. Specially, strong and coherent radar backscattering signals are observed over oyster sea farms that consist of artificial structures. Tide height in oyster farm is possible to measure by using interferometric phase and intensity of SAR data. It is assumed that the radar signals from oyster farm could be considered as double-bouncing returns by vertical and horizontal bars. But, detailed backscattering mechanism and polarimetric characteristics in oyster farm had not been well studied. We could not demonstrate whether the assumption is correct or not and exactly understand what the properties of back scattering were in oyster farm without full polarimetric data. The results of AIRSAR L-band POLSAR data, experiments in laboratory and JERS-l images are discussed. We carried out an experiment simulating a target structure using vector network analyser (Y.N.A.) in an anechoic chamber at Niigata University. Radar returns from vertical poles are stronger than those from horizontal poles by 10.5 dB. Single bounce components were as strong as double bounce components and more sensitive to antenna look direction. Double bounce components show quasi-linear relation with height of vertical poles. As black absorber replaced AI-plate in bottom surface, double bounce in vertical pole decreased. It is observed that not all oyster farms are characterized by double bounced scattering in AIRSAR data. The image intensity of the double bounce dominant oyster farm was investigated with respect to that of oyster farm dominated by single bounce in JERS-l SAR data. The image intensity model results in a correlation coefficient (R2 ) of 0.78 in double bounce dominant area while that of 0.54 in single bouncing dominant area. This shows that double bounce dominant area should be selected for water height measurement using In8AR technique.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2015

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is a serious disease of sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus in Korean aquaculture farms. However, we suggest the following preventative methods for hatcheries: 1) disinfecting rearing water, 2) selecting spawners via ELISA and PCR, 3) selecting eggs via PCR, 4) disinfecting fertilized eggs, and 5) proper facilities management. When these methods are implemented, nervous necrosis virus (NNV)-free fish are produced because vertical and horizontal transmission is prevented. However, horizontal transmission of NNV through rearing seawater sourced from the environment during grow-out stages in sea cages can still occur. Live NNV vaccines with a low rearing temperature or Poly(I:C) immunization are very effective at preventing horizontal transmission of NNV in rearing farms. Furthermore, even after VNN is contracted, fish mortality can be reduced by administering Poly(I:C).

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2012

Large-scale urban developments with increasing population and expansion of industrial facilities have destroyed the ecosystem. Consequently, the importance of vertical farm as a form of urban agriculture is increasing. However, such problems of vertical farms as economy and lack of awareness of residents are being raised. Firstly, this study derived types of vertical farm that are applicable to residential spaces through an examination of vertical farm buildings, and then inferred assessment items for a questionnaire survey for the development of u-services. Secondly, based on the issues deduced from the survey, u-services needed in vertical farm buildings were derived to use them as the basic data when we plan for a ubiquitous vertical farm building in residential space in the future. As result, the following uservices of ubiquitous vertical farm were proposed: u-notification service about the condition of crops from the aspect of growth management based on ubiquitous technology, remote/automatic control u-services, harvest information u-service for harvest management, recipe information u-service, and indoor air quality monitoring u-service, indoor environment adjusting u-service, and farm environment control u-service. Considering that many new buildings in Korea are residential buildings and many high-rise buildings are being planned, studies on vertical farm buildings must be continued.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2011

To examine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum (N. caninum) infections in cattle raised at farms where an abortion had previously occurred in Gongju city and Yeongi-gun of Chungnam Province, 280 head of cattle from six farms were examined by ELISA. Thirty-two pregnant cattle from four farms were examined to determine the abortion rate in N. caninum-infected pregnant cattle and the infection pattern in newborn calves. The six farms where the abortions had previously occurred demonstrated positive reactions to N. caninum. Although the mean seropositive rate of the six farms was 17.5%, the range of seropisitivity was 3.4-57.1% due to the difference in seroprevalence between farms. The general pattern of seropositivity in cows was higher than in heifers. In addition, the abortion rate of N. caninumpositive in 18 out of 32 pregnant dams raised in four farms was 16.7%. The seroprevalence of newborn calves from N. caninum-positive pregnant animals differed according to the farm but was 86.7% overall. In contrast, 14 newborn calves from the N. caninum-negative pregnant cattle showed negative responses. This suggests that N. caninum is endemic and occurs through vertical transmission from chronically-infected dams. Therefore, aborted dams should be discarded.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1451-1455
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• 2009

Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) is a betaherpesvirus which causes reproductive failure in breeding sows and generalized infection in newborn piglets. It has worldwide distribution including Korea. Serological survey on this virus has been reported in 76.3% of pigs, but virological survey and epidemiological analysis on PCMV distribution have been reported in only a few papers in Korea. In this study, we investigated the virological prevalence and infection status of PCMV on a farm level in selected swine farms with respiratory diseases. A total of 1,938 blood samples taken from groups of pigs of different ages were collected from 31 farms distributed nationwide in 2006 and 2007 and tested by PCR to detect the presence of PCMV. Virological prevalence at farm level and pig level were 96.8% and 17.5%, respectively, suggesting that PCMV has endemically infected Korean pig herds. The prevalence at farm level in gilts, sows and suckling piglet groups were 16.7%, 36.7% and 56.7%, indicating that vertical infections frequently occurred in conception or newborn stage. Thereafter, detection rates of PCMV were slightly increased in pig groups aged 40 and 70 days (70.0% and 73.3%), and then gradually decreased as they aged - 33.3% in 100, 26.7% in 130 and 16.7% in 160 day old pig groups. The prevalence at pig level has similar patterns to that at farm level. With the passage of time, the variation of infection patterns of PCMV was investigated in four PCMV-positive farms. Three blood samples were collected at intervals of 6 months in each farm, and examined for presence of PCMV using PCR. The results revealed that once PCMV was introduced to the pig farms, it continuously circulated between and within groups of sows and piglets in those farms. Taken together, it can be concluded that PCMV has endemically infected Korean pig farms and has the potential risk for emerging pathogen in combination with the known endemic pathogens including porcine reproductive, respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. Therefore, more research is needed on diagnosis, epidemiology and control strategy for PCMV on the field.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.41.1-41.12
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• 2020

Background: The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is a serious problem in the laying hen industry worldwide. Currently, the foremost control method for D. gallinae is the implementation of integrated pest management, the effective application of which necessitates a precise monitoring method. Objectives: The aim of the study was to propose an accurate monitoring method with a reliable protocol for caged-layer poultry farms, and to suggest an objective classification for assessing D. gallinae infestation on caged-layer poultry farms according to the number of mites collected using the developed monitoring method. Methods: We compared the numbers of mites collected from corrugated cardboard traps, regarding with length of sampling periods, sampling sites on cage, and sampling positions in farm buildings. The study also compared the mean numbers of mites collected by the developed method with the infestation levels using by the conventional monitoring methods in 37 caged-layer farm buildings. Results: The statistical validation provided the suitable monitoring method that the traps were installed for 2 days on feed boxes at 27 sampling points which included three vertical levels across nine equally divided zones of farms. Using this monitoring method, the D. gallinae infestation level can be assessed objectively on caged-layer poultry farms. Moreover, the method is more sensitive than the conventional method in detecting very small populations of mites. Conclusions: This method can be used to identify the initial stages of D. gallinae infestation in the caged-layer poultry farms, and therefore, will contribute to establishment of effective control strategies for this mite.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.303-316
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• 2005

연안의 굴 양식장은 레이더 영상에서 강한 산란체로 나타나며, 긴밀도 높은 레이더 간섭쌍을 제공한다. 굴 양식장에서 일어나는 강한 신호의 간섭위상과 반사강도를 이용하여 조위를 관측하는 방법이 개발된 바 있다. 레이더를 이용한 조위 측정방법은 이중 반사가 일어나는 굴 양식장에서 적용되어야 한다. 이 논문에서는 굴 양식장 구조물에서 일어나는 산란의 특징을 분석한다. 실내실험은 다중편파 Ku-밴드를 이용하여 전파암실에서 축소된 산란체를 제작하여 수행하였다. 산란체의 수직막대로부터 돌아오는 신호는 수평 막대로부터 돌아오는 신호보다 10.5 dB정도 강하게 나타났다. 단일 반사 성분은 이중 반사 성분과 유사한 정도로 큰 값을 나타냈으나 안테나의 관측방향에 매우 민감하였다. 또한 수직막대의 높이가 증가함에 따라 이중 반사 성분이 비례하여 증가하였고, 이중 반사 성분이 조위관측에 더 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. L-밴드 AIRSAR 영상을 단일 반사와 이중 반사, 체적산란으로 분류하였다. 그 결과 굴 양식장에서는 항상 이중 반사만이 일어나고 있는 것은 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 해수면 위로 노출된 굴 양식장에서는 이중 반사가 우세하게 일어나지만, 조위가 낮아 바닥의 조간대 면이 공기 중에 노출되면 단일 반사 성분이 주요 산란 특징으로 나타났다. 전자의 경우 단일 반사와 이중 반사의 비율은 0.46인 반면, 바닥면이 노출된 경우에는 이 비율이 5.62로 급격히 증가하는 것을 알 수 있다. DInSAR 기술을 이용한 조위 관측을 위해서는 이중 반사가 우세하게 일어나는 지역을 선정하여야한다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2021

지구온난화 및 기후변화에 대한 전문 연구기관인 IPCC에 따르면 인간은 기후 시스템에 영향을 끼치고 있다. 이러한 기후 시스템의 변화는 기존 생육환경을 변화시켜 농업 분야의 식재료 공급에 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 수직형 팜은 안정적인 식재료의 공급을 위한 좋은 대안이 될 수 있다. 수직형 스마트 팜은 농작물의 생육환경 유지 및 관리에 깊은 관심을 쏟고 있음에도 불구하고 건축 공간에 온도, 습도, 조도, 산소, CO₂ 농도 등을 균일하게 구현하는 데에는 어려움이 있다. 공기의 균일성 확보를 위해 CFD 분석을 진행한 결과 주목할 만한 결과는 수직형 스마트 팜 내의 공기 균일성을 위해서는 적합한 CO₂ 농도를 장기간 지속적으로 분사하는 것이 유리하다는 것이다. 이 결과를 통해 수직형 스마트 팜에 최적화 된 생육환경 시스템을 효율적으로 계획할 수 있다. 본 연구를 기초로 수직형 스마트 팜의 최적화된 생육환경을 조성하여 효율적인 작물이 생산이 이루어진다면 농업 분야의 발전에 이바지 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 풍력에너지저널
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2023

This paper investigates the resistance performance of drag anchors used for aqua farms installed in southwestern offshore wind farms in Korea. These anchors have been employed for a long time without any quantitative evaluation. Experimental campaigns were performed at the target site and the results were used to validate the numerical model by changing the penetration depths in the uniformly distributed seabed (i.e., flat). Based on the validated model with good agreement with the experiments (ARE 1.8 %), the resistance of the anchor with different pullout angles was thoroughly examined. It is worth noting that the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) technique was applied to account for the large deformation of the anchor; Eulerian for the seabed and Lagrangian for the structure. The numerical results indicated that the pullout resistance is vulnerable to horizontal inclined force rather than vertical inclination, implying that the optimum performance is ideally expected to be 0-degree force applied.