• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2019

This paper aims to assess the effect of herbal extract mixture, Ahn Tonic, on hair growth and examine the stability of this percutaneous hair growth ointment. The hair on the back of the mice C57b1/6N was removed, and 1% of the TXN(testosterone) was then applied for a week to prevent the hair growth. The experimental group was then treated with Ahn Tonic, 0.2 mL per day. The degree of newly grown hair was observed with a vernier caliper. We also measured the proportion of the newly growing hair section to the entire shaved section in the 4th week and 8th week by distinguishing the section turning black from the shaved area. To observe the effect of the test chemical product on hair follicles and hair roots, the biopsy was executed between week 4 and week 8. Gene expressions, which operate as a factor for growing hair in the skin tissues extracted from each experimental animals, were also observed through a real-time PCR gene amplification method. The results showed that the Ahn tonic group had statistically significant hair restoring effect compared to the control group in terms of microscopy, biopsy, and gene expressions. Ahn Tonic is considered to have an impact on the hair growth.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study was aimed at investigating the types of gender roles and the relationship between gender roles and job satisfaction among neurological physical therapists. METHODS: The study subjects were 169 (male 74, female 95) neurological physical therapists working at general hospitals or rehabilitation centers in the Daejeon Metropolitan City area, South Korea. To identify job satisfaction scores, the subjects completed a questionnaire, and a vernier caliper was used by a trained examiner to measure the lengths of the subjects' index and ring fingers (i.e., digitus secundus manus and digitus annularis, respectively) to examine gender roles. The index to ring finger length ratio (i.e., 2D:4D ratio) was calculated using a personal computer. An independent t-test was performed to compare the finger length ratio and job satisfaction of male group with that of the female group and a correlation analysis was performed to examine job satisfaction by gender roles. RESULTS: Finger length ratio is lower in males than in females. However, there was no significant difference statistically (p>.05). Regarding job satisfaction by gender, males were more satisfied with their jobs than females (p<.05). However, there were no significant correlations between job satisfaction and gender roles (p>.05). CONCLUSION: It cannot be concluded that bias against gender roles is a contributing factor for neurological physical therapists being satisfied with their job, and thus bias against gender roles among neurological physical therapists should be removed.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.186-189
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• 2011

PURPOSE. Porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns provide the best treatment option for teeth that have a large or defective restoration. More than 20% of teeth with PFM crowns or bridges require non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT). This may be due to the effect of restorative procedures and the possible leakage of bacteria and or their by-products, which leads to the demise of the tooth pulp. Thus, this study was planned to compare the ability of the restorative materials to seal perforated PFM specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study evaluates the ability of amalgam, composite or compomer restorative materials to close perforated PFM specimen's in-vitro. Ninety PFM specimens were constructed using Ni-Cr alloys and feldspathic porcelain, and then they were divided into 3 groups: amalgam (A), composite + Exite adhesive bond (B) and compomer + Syntac adhesive bond (C). All the PFM samples were embedded in an acrylic block to provide complete sealing of the hole from the bottom side. After the aging period, each group was further divided into 3 equal subgroups according to the thermocycling period (one week for 70 cycles, one month for 300 cycles and three months for 900 cycles). Each subgroup was put into containers containing dye (Pelikan INK), one maintained at $5^{\circ}C$ and the other at $55^{\circ}C$, each cycle for 30 sec time. The data obtained was analyzed by SPSS, 2006 using one way ANOVA test and student t-test and significant difference level at (P<.01). RESULTS. The depth of dye penetration was measured at the interfaces of PFM and filling materials using Co-ordinate Vernier Microscope. The lowest levels of the dye penetration for the three groups, as well as subgroups were during the first week. The values of dye leakage had significantly increased by time intervals in subgroups A and C. CONCLUSION. It was seen that amalgam showed higher leakage than composite while compomer showed the lowest level of leakage.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The objective was to evaluate canine positions, intercanine tip width (ICTW) and width of distal surface of canine (WDC), related to facial landmarks including interalar width (IAW), intercommissural width (ICoW), and distance between left and right projection lines drawn from inner canthus of eyes to alae of the nose (DPICa) in a group of Thai. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred Thai subjects aged 18-35 years were selected. IAW and ICoW were measured on subject's face using digital vernier caliper. Irreversible hydrocolloid impression of the upper arch was taken, and a cast was poured with dental stone. Silicone impression material was used to take imprint of the incisal edge of upper six anterior teeth. DPICa was obtained from the subject's face using custom-made measuring equipment and marked on the silicone incisal imprint. The marks were then transferred from the imprint to the stone cast and measured with digital caliper. The ICTW and WDC were also measured on the stone cast. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the correlation. RESULTS. The results revealed that the correlation between ICTW-ICoW was 0.429 and ICTW-DPICa was 0.573. The correlation between WDC-ICoW was 0.426 and WDC-DPICa was 0.547. However, IAW did not show any correlation with ICTW or WDC (P>.05). CONCLUSION. The correlation between canine position and facial landmarks was found. ICTW and WDC had relationship with ICoW and DPICa. DPICa showed stronger correlation with the position of maxillary canine than that of ICoW.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.363-368
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• 1999

시험체의 두께나 초음파 속도를 측정하기 위해서 초음파 펄스-에코법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 초음파 속도를 결정하기 위해서는 초음파 송수신 장치를 포함한 오실로스코우프와 같은 초음파 측정 장치를 사용하여 시험편에서의 초음파진행 시간을 측정하고, 초음파 진행 거리에 해당하는 시험편의 두께를 버어니어 캘리퍼스 또는 마이크로미터와 같은 길이측정 도구를 사용하여 측정한다. 그리고 초음파를 이용하여 시험편의 두께를 측정할 때에는 초음파 속도를 알고 있는 대비 시험편으로 기준을 설정하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는, 대비 시험편 없이 재료의 두께와 초음파 속도를 동시에 구하는 방법을 제시하였다. 재질과 두께를 달리한 여러 시험편에서 측정된 초음파 속도와 두께가 기존의 방법에 의해 측정한 값과 잘 일치하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1361-1366
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• 2007

In this project, ovarian size and activity during the peak (November-April) and the low (May-October) breeding seasons in young and adult camels were studied. Ovaries of 92 camels (Camelus dromedarius), with clinically normal reproductive tracts, aged 3-15 years and slaughtered at Faisalabad or Lahore abattoirs over a period of 24 months, were collected. Jugular blood was collected from each animal before slaughter; the serum was separated and analyzed for oestradiol concentration. The size (length, width and thickness) and weight of each ovary were measured. Grossly observable Graafian follicles were counted and their diameter was measured using Vernier Calipers. The camels having ovaries presenting follicles more than 5 mm in diameter were taken as having active ovaries. The results showed that ovarian length, width and weight were significantly higher (p<0.05) during the peak than the low breeding season. The percentage of active ovaries was also significantly higher (p<0.01) during the peak than the low breeding season. However, the effect of season on ovarian thickness was non-significant. Similarly, the ovarian length, width, thickness, weight and activity did not vary significantly between young (3-7 years old) and adult (8-15 years old) animals. Serum oestradiol concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05) during the peak ($67.70{\pm}1.36$ pg/ml) than the low breeding season ($15.25{\pm}1.54$ pg/ml). It was concluded that in Pakistani camels ovarian size and activity were higher during the peak than the low breeding season. However, age of the camel (from 3 to 15 years) had no effect on these parameters.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 구강으로부터 채득된 인상체를 스캐닝하여 디지털 모형을 제작하였을 때 제작된 디지털 모형의 체적 안정성을 평가하고자 하였다. 그리하여 환자의 구강을 가정한 상악 모형을 본 모형으로 채택하였다. 본 모형과 동일한 증례의 연구 모형을 치과용 석고를 이용하여 총 20개의 석고 모형을 제작하였다. 제작된 연구 모형 20개를 치과용 기성 트레이와 두 종류의 치과용 인상재를 이용하여 20개 연구 모형을 대상으로 20개의 인상을 채득하였다. 채득된 20개의 인상체를 치과용 스캐너로 스캐닝하는 방식으로 디지털 모형으로 변환하였다. 체적 안정성을 평가하기 위하여 6개의 대표 지점을 선정한 뒤 디지털 모형과 함께 디지털 모형의 근간인 석고 모형을 계측하였다. 그 결과 계측된 모든 부위에서 디지털 모형이 석고 모형보다 체적이 작은 것으로 조사되었고, 이는 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과들로 추론하여 보았을 때 환자의 구강으로부터 채득된 인상체를 스캐닝하여 제작한 디지털 모형의 체적은 환자의 구강보다 작다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이 차이는 미비한 것으로 여러 선행 연구 결과들을 근거로 하였을 때 임상적으로 허용이 가능한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.759-768
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• 2006

턴버클은 인장재의 중간에 삽입되어 인장력을 조절할 수 있는 장치이다. 그러나 설계 인장력의 크기는 측정이 불가능하고 경험적인 방법으로 현장기술자가 판단하여 시공을 한다. 기존의 턴버클을 이용한 구조물은 시간이 지나면서 인장력의 변화가 생기지만 적절한 조치 없이 그대로 사용하게 된다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 인장력 측정이 가능한 턴버클을 개발하였다. 본 연구는 기존의 턴버클의 직선부를 곡선화하여 인장력에 의한 곡선부의 휨변형을 이용하여 가로방향 변화를 유도하였다. 가로방향의 변화는 그 값이 작으므로 버니어 캘리퍼스나 내측 마이크로메터를 이용하여 현장에서 측정하고 이 값을 이용하여 하중의 크기를 측정할 수 있도록 고안하였다. 시작품을 제작하여 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 이론적인 해석을 통하여 해석의 유용성을 입증한 후 변수해석을 하였다. 변수해석에 의해 적절한 용량과 측정기의 형상을 도출하였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2004

본 연구는 영상 처리를 이용하여 채소의 모종 시기를 자동으로 파악할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하기 위한 것이다 즉 작물의 높이, 장변 및 단변을 영상처리를 이용해 자동으로 측정하고자 하는 시스템을 개발하고자 한 것이다. 각 작물 당 20개씩의 실험체를 두어반복 측정한 결과, 들깨의 경우 높이는 평균 오차 5.0mm로 평균 실측 길이 대비 1.7% 오차율, 장변은 평균 오차 4.7mm, 오차율 3.9%, 단변은 평균 오차 5.5 mm, 오차율 6.9%로 나타났다. 도라지의 경우 높이는 평균 오차 2.4 mm, 오차율 8.1%, 장변은 평균 오차 3.4 mm, 오차율 7.2%, 단변은 평균 오차 4.0 mm, 오차율 10.4%로 나타났다. 상추의 높이는 평균 오차 4.0 mm, 오차율 9.1%, 장변은 평균 오차 3.4 mm, 오차율 7.2%, 단변은 평균 오차 3.6mm, 오차율 9.4%로 나타났다. 따라서 현장 환경에 맞게 좀 더 개선된다면 사람의 시각을 이용한 작물의 생장상태 판별보다 더 정확하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2016

Purpose: New low-cost oilseeds are needed to meet an ever-increasing demand for oil for food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. African oil bean seed is a tropical crop that is underutilized and has high oil yields, but there have been no studies conducted on its mechanical oil expression up to now. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of moisture content and seed dimensions on mechanical oil expression from the seeds. Methods: Fresh oil bean seeds were procured, de-hulled, and cleaned. Initial seed moisture content, obtained in accordance with the ASAE standard, was 12% dry basis (db). The seeds were further conditioned by dehydration and rehydration prior to oil expression to obtain four other moisture levels of 8, 10, 14, and 16% db. The major diameter of the seeds was measured using digital vernier calipers, and the seeds were classified into size dimensions (< 40, 41-45, 46-50, 51-55, and > 55 mm). The oil yield and expression efficiency were obtained in accordance with standard evaluation methods. Results: The highest oil yield and expression efficiency (47.74% and 78.96%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 8% db and seed dimensions of < 40 mm, while the lowest oil yield and expression efficiency (41.35% and 68.28%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 14% db and seed dimensions between 51-55 mm. A mathematical model was developed to predict oil yield for known moisture content and seed dimensions, with a coefficient of determination $R^2$ of 95% and the confidence level of the predictive model of 84.17%. The probability of prediction F ratio showed that moisture content influence was more significant than seed dimensions. Conclusions: The higher the moisture content and larger the seed dimensions, the lower the oil yield from African oil bean seeds.