• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.7-18
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• 2007

There are few studies on air pollution due to vehicle emissions in spite of the importance of this field. Therefore, this study describes trends and suggests implications through analysis relating to existing emissions research. This study has been divided into three areas. The first part is about estimating vehicle emissions. In this part, the authors analyze limits in ways of calculating emissions in the existing macroscopic view and then suggest the development of a model for calculating emissions considering velocity and acceleration. These variables are a function of traffic and individual driving behavior in the microscopic view. The second part is about management techniques for reducing vehicle emissions. The traffic management techniques for reducing vehicle emissions should conform to regional characteristics. The final part is about traffic operation for reducing vehicle emissions. The authors suggest the development of a micro-simulator and then the development of strategies for traffic operation. It is necessary to design better models estimating emissions and then, using real time data, to make a monitoring system simulating emission rates. This study serves as a literature review to make a foundation for further research about emissions research for transportation engineering.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2009

The regulations for exhaust emission from vehicles have become much more stringent in recent years. These more stringent regulations require vehicle manufacturers to develop alternative fuels that reduce exhaust emission. This research is to analyze the characteristics of exhaust gas emission of same level vehicles that use gasoline, diesel, and LPG fuels. As for the test mode, we used the CVS-75 mode, which is the driving mode of the current domestic and North American emissions. The characteristics of the exhaust gas emitted under this driving condition was studied. We examined the emissions of THC, CO, and NOx of vehicles that use gasoline, diesel, and LPG fuels. As a result, vehicle exhaust gas emissions increased 9.8 % for vehicles using gasoline and it decreased 12.2 % for diesel-powered vehicles compared to vehicles using LPG fuel. Using gasoline and LPG fuel in the CVS-mode, over 80 % of THC and CO emission was produced for the cold start Phase 1.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.107-120
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• 2011

Traffic signal is one of the major factors that affect the amount of vehicle emissions on urban highway. The amount of vehicle emissions in urban area is highly affected by the vehicle's cruising speeds heavily influenced by the traffic signal lighting conditions. It was attempted in this study to trace the changing patterns of the vehicle emissions by collecting the emission data from a set of simulation studies and by categorizing vehicle cruising conditions into four different groups: idling, acceleration, deceleration, and running at a constant speed. Authors propose a simple emission model prepared based on Kinematic theory. The validation test results showed that the amount of the emission estimated by the proposed model was relatively satisfactory compared to the one of the existing model employing the average speed data only as the determinant.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

Greenhouse gas is the big issue of the whole world. So foreign countries, EU, USA, Japan, China and Korea made the policy for reducing greenhouse gas. For calculation of reduction, it is necessary to know the quantity of current greenhouse emission per year in Korea. It is not reflected real driving condition for measuring the Fuel economy and greenhouse gas. The subject of this study is to figure out the characteristics which influence on greenhouse gas in real driving condition. And final goal is applying the policy greenhouse emission reduction.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to determine the fuel change and weight change impact on the fuel economy and emission characteristic of ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) vehicle. According to fuel type, fuel consumption and emission characteristics were measured and fuel used in this paper was gasoline, diesel, and LPG. Four vehicles with different weight were tested and the fuel economy were compared and analyzed by using scatter graph. Test was carried out using chassis dynamometer, CVS (Constant Volume Sampler), and emission measurement system. Diesel vehicle less emited $CO_2$ compared to gasoline and LPG. Even if same $CO_2$ between gasoline and LPG, there are difference fuel economy depending on carbon proportion of specific fuel. The heavier weight of vehicle, the worse of fuel economy and Better fuel economy performance on highway driving mode.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 2000

The increasing use of vehicles is causing air-pollution problems. Diesel vehicles are preferred to gasoline vehicles, because the diesel vehicles are superior to gasoline vehicles in terms of fuel consumption, durability, power and efficiency. But the emission reduction technologies for diesel vehicle are not developed well like those for gasoline vehicles. Moreover, the NOx and smoke emitted from diesel vehicle are recognized as a main source of the air-pollution in the urban areas. The emission reduction devices have been installed for each of the emission gas components. Using plasma(i.e. electrical energy)only, the emission gas was found to be reduced. The present paper investigate the effects of a low temperature plasma device in engine performance as well as in emission reduction with the change of the applied voltage and the loading rate of the engine.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 1993

Currently the problem of air pollution caused by the motor vehicle emission is one of the most serious problems to be solved. Thus we needed the vehicle emissions audit procedure and technical innovation constraining the motor vehicle emission. The Korean Environmental Protection Agency currently audits automobiles for emissions compliance at assembly plants with multiple attribute multiple staged sampling plans. In order to establish the more reasonable audit procedure, the multiple staged sampling plan designed in this paper has been applied to the domestic vehicles by analyzing the statistic characteristics of the emission distribution. This paper summarizes the auditing procedure and develops methods for determining its statistical characteristics. Specifically, we consider how to evaluate a multiple staged sampling plan, give a procedure that efficiently estimates attribute-type probabilities from multivariate variables-type data, and quantify the effect of tightening the acceptable quality level of the sampling plan. As a result it can be proved that this audit procedure is the reasonable plan minimizing the AQL (Acceptable Quality Level) and is to be used effectively for the auditing procedure constraining the injurious gasses of the motor vehicles.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.16-21
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• 1999

The diesel vehicle is relatively superior to gasoline vehicle on the fuel consumption, durability and combustion efficiency. However, exhaust emission from diesel vehicle are known to be harmful to human health and environment. The treatment technologies for the diesel exhaust gases are classified as replacement of fuel, quality control of diesel fuel, improvement of engine and aftertreatment system. The most effective for the treatment technology is known to be aftertreatment system, and this research is continuously conducted by many groups. The DOC system has many advantages of reducing particulates and harmful gaseous substances such as CO. HC. Moreover, it is simple in device structure, relatively low cost, and easy to install witout retrofitting the vehicle. In this study, experiment were conducted to analyze the effects on factors of oxidation characteristics and conversion efficiency of DOC. In experiment, test was conducted to estimate engine emission in 11,000cc diesel engine which was equipped with DOC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.90-105
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• 2013

There are lots of variations on speed, acceleration and engine power during vehicle driving. It is well known that Green House Gas emissions by these dynamic driving properties are not precisely estimated by the average speed based emission estimation model which has been currently used in Korea. MOVES are selected as an appropriate transferable model among Micro-level emission estimation models. Based on MOVES, a novel emission estimation model can be used in Korea is developed. In this model, MOVES concept of emission estimation method and the MOVES method of estimating the Micro-level emission rate map is adopted. The results from the proposed model were compared with those from the average speed based emission model. The comparison results show the estimated base emission maps are good to be applied in Korea, but needed to be adjusted to consider the vehicle size differences between the two countries. Therefore, the factors for calibrating vehicle size difference were calculated and applied to acquired the micro-level emission maps for the Korean standard vehicle types.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.387-396
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• 2003

A field study was conducted during the summer time of 2002 to determine compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from vehicles and to develop source emission profiles that is applied to CMB model to estimate the source contribution of certain area. Source emission profile is widely used for the estimation of source contribution by the chemical mass balance model and have to be developed applicable for the target area of estimation. This study was aimed to develop source emission profile and estimation of source contribution of VOCs after application of the chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. After considering the emission inventory and other research results for the VOCs in Seoul, Korea, the sources like vehicle emission (tunnel), gas station (gasoline, diesel), solvent usage (painting operation, dry cleaning, graphic art), and gas fuels were selected for the major VOCs sources. Furthermore, ambient air samples were simultaneously collected from 09:00 to 11:00 for four days at eight different official air quality monitoring sites as receptors in Seoul during summer of 2001. Source samples were collected by canisters, and then about seventy volatile organic compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Based on both the developed source profiles and the database of the receptors, CMB model was intensively applied to estimate mass contribution of VOCs sources. Examining the source profile from the vehicle, the portion of alkanes of VOCs was highest, and then the portion of aromatics such toluene, m/p-xylene were followed. In case of gas fuel. they have their own components; the content of butane, propane, ethane was higher than any other component according to the fuel usage. The average of the source apportionment on VOCs for 8 sites showed that the major sources were vehicle emission and gas fuels. The vehicle emission source was revealed as having the highest contribution with an average of 49.6%, and followed by solvent with 21.3%, gas fuel with 16.1%, gasoline with 13.1%.