• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.395-401
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• 1996

국내의 고추, 사과, 포도, 스타티스(statice)에서 분리한 Glomerella cingulata 균주들의 병원성과 체세포화 합성군(vegetative compatibility group : VCG)과의 관계를 조사하였다. 사과, 포도, 스타티스에서 분리된 균주들은 전기주에 모드 병원성을 나타내었으나 고추에는 병원성이 없었다. 한편, 고추에서 분리된 균주들은 무상처접종시 병원성을 나타내지 못하였다. Nitrate nonutilizing(nit) mutant는 1.5%의 KClO\ulcorner을 첨가한 최소배지에서 선발하였다. nit mutnat들은 nit1, nit2, nit3, nitM의 4가지 표현형 중 하나에 속하였다. VCG는 표현형이 다른 nit mutan간의 대치배양을 통해 결정하였는데 사과, 포도, 스타티스에서 분리한 균주들간에는 같은 VCG를 나타낸 반면 고추에서 분리된 균주들은 다른 VCG로 나타났다. 따라서 G. cingulata 균주들의 체세포화합성은 병원성과 밀접하게 관련되어 있음을 알수 있었다. 또한 동일한 VCG에 속하며 기주가 다른 균주들의 대치배양시 heterokaryon을 형성했으나 자낭을 형성하지는 않았다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.276-280
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• 2001

Fusarium isolates of Gibberella fujikuroi species complex were obtained from sorghum grown in five provinces of Korea in 1996 and 1997. These isolates were characterized based on their mating behavior, mycotoxin production, and vegetative compatibility. Only three mating populations (A, D, and F) were recovered from a total of 155 isolates examined. The relative frequency of the mating populations was significantly different: F was predominant (80%), while D and A were observed at low frequencies of 9% and 3%, respectively. Female fertile isolates were more common within F (44 our of 124) than D (2 out of 14), while none of the five A isolates were female fertile. The inbreeding effective population sizes ($\textrm{N}_e$)for mating type and male/hermaphrodite ratios in mating populations A and D produced significant amounts of fumonisins, while F isolates produced none or only traces of fumonisin B$_1$. In contrast. F isolates produced higher amounts of moniliformin (average of 3,820 ppm) than A and D isolates (averages of 77 and 1,819 ppm, respectively). Fifty-one isolates were tested for vegetative compatibility using nitrogen non-utilization mutants of each isolate, and 44 vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were identified. A single VC type (VC1) was found in all of the five A isolates examined. Six of the D isolates examined consisted of three VC types: two for VC2, two for VC3, and the rest for VC4. All of the F isolates tested were incompatible in every combination and , thus, each constituted a unique VCG.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1996

우리나라 여러 딸기 재배지에서 전형적인 시들음 증상을 나타내는 이병식물에서 분리한 32개의 Fusarium oxysporum 균주들을 vegetative compatibility와 전기영동에 의한 동위효소상의 차이에 의해 분류하고 이들과 병원성과의 관계를 알아보았다. Nitrate nonutilizing(nit) mutant를 이용하여 vegetative compatibility group으로 분류해 본 결과 크게 A, B, C, D의 4개 그룹으로 나눌 수 있었으며 A그룹에는 15개 균주, B그룹에는 7개 균주, C와 D그룹에는 각각 2개 균주, 그리고 single VCG인 6개 균주가 존재하였다. 전기영동에 의한 esterase, catalase, acid phosphatase, leucin-aminopeptidase(LAP)의 동위효소상을 비교하여 본 결과 I, II, III, IV의 4개 그룹으로 나눌 수 있었으 I 그룹에는 18개 균주, II그룹에는 2개 균주, III그룹에는 6개 균주, IV그룹에는 6개 균주로 분류할 수 있었다. 또한, VCG의 A와 D그룹에 속하는 모든 균주들의 동위효소상의 I 그룹에 속하였으며 VCG B그룹의 7개 균주들 중에서 5개 균주가 동위효소상의 IV그룹, 7개 균주들 중에서 5개 균주가 동위효소상의 IV그룹, 나머지 2개 균주는 I 그룹과 III 그룹에 속하였으며 C그룹의 균주는 III과 IV 그룹에 속하였고, single VCGs들은 III 그룹에 4개 균주, II 그룹에 2개 균주가 속하므로 VCG와 동위효소상 간에는 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 4개 딸기 품종에 대해 병원성을 비교하여 본 결과 VCG A에서 선발된 2개 균주들은 보교조생에 대해 가장 병원성이 강하였으며 정보나 여홍에 대해서도 강한 병원성을 가지고 있었다. 반면에 B 그룹에서 선발된 2개 균주들은 4개 품종에 대해 병원성이 약하거나 거의 없었으며 C 그룹에서 선발된 1개 균주는 여홍에 대해 상대적으로 가장 강한 병원성을 가지고 있었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.118-121
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• 2010

Single ascospore isolates of Cordyceps bassiana were observed for their colony pigmentation on Sabouraud Dextrose agar plus Yeast Extract (SDAY) plates and were inoculated in a brown rice medium for production of fruiting bodies. Colony pigmentation did not show any relationship with perithecial stromata formation. The isolates were also grown on opposite sides of SDAY agar plates and were observed for vegetative compatibility. Neither vegetative compatibility nor perithecial stromata could be found to be related to each other. It was concluded that fertile fruiting body production was independent of colony pigmentation and vegetative compatibility. Synnemata formation was found to be more common than perithecial stromata formation. This might be due to its highly conidiogenous anamorphic stage, i.e., Beauveria bassiana.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2010

Fusarium proliferatum is the causal agent of stalk and root rot disease of maize, foot rot disease of rice, basal and root rot disease of onion and knife cut disease of sugarcane in Iran. In recent years, incidence and severity of these diseases have been increased in Iran. Fifty seven F. proliferatum single-spore isolates collected from diseased maize, rice, onion and sugarcane plants at different areas were used to study genetic diversity by determination of vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Chlorate-resistant nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were recovered from selected isolates of F. proliferatum and used in complementation tests. All isolates in which both nit1 and NitM (or nit3) mutants were recovered, demonstrated self-compatibility. Vegetative compatibility tests by pairing nit mutants identified 30 VCGs among 57 isolates. Twenty-three isolates belonged to singlemember VCGs and the remaining 34 isolates, belonged to other seven multimember VCGs. Segregation of F. proliferatum isolates obtained from various area and host plants into different VCGs in Iran is reported for the first time. In this study, none of isolates obtained from rice complemented with any other isolates from onion and sugarcane and, non complementation occurred between onion and sugarcane isolates. Also, only one complementation occurred between one isolate of maize and one isolate of sugarcane and rice. Thus, a correlation between VCGs grouping and host preferences was founded. It is concluded that natural populations of F. proliferatum in Iran are probably genetically divergent and include isolates representing a potential risk for disease development.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.280-284
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• 2011

Fusarium wilt of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is widespread in Indonesia. However, the distribution of tropical race 4 strains has not been well studied. Thirty nine isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense were collected from Java and 7 isolates were from Sumatera, Bangka, and Kalimantan. All isolates produced volatile odor when grown on steamed rice. These isolates were further tested for their vegetative compatibility with nitM testers of 20 reported vegetative compatibility groups representing strains that belong to race 1, 2, and 4. Three isolates formed heterokaryons with nitM testers belong to race 1, 11 isolates with race 4, and the rest did not form heterokaryons with all nitM testers used. F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 specific primer pair was used to amplify a 1400 bp fragment of tropical race 4 DNA. Seven isolates (Bnt2, Mln1, Srg1, Bgl3, Bgl6, Lmp1, and Kjg1) produced the 1400 bp amplification product were therefore tropical race 4.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.330-337
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• 1995

Forty-six isolates of Fusarium oxysporum collected from infected tomato plants and soils in greenhouses in Sedo, Chungnam and Angang, Kyeongbuk and 8 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici from Japan and USA were used to determine vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Vegetative comaptibility was assessed on the basis of heterokaryon formation among nitrate nonutilizing mutants. All Korean isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici used in this study belonged to the same type of VCG (003) regardless of their geographic origin, cultivar and race, but they were incompatible with the foreign isolates of VCG 0030, 0031, 0032 and 0033. Based on the results, the Korean isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were classified as a new VCG 003.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.116-119
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• 2011

Pyrenophora graminea, the causal agent of leaf stripe disease, is an economically important pathogen of barley found worldwide. Forty-four isolates of diverse geographical origin within Syria were grouped into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) by demonstrating heterokaryosis by complementation tests using nitrate nonutilizing (nit) mutants. All isolates were grouped into three VCGs-1-A, 1-B and 1-C. No self-incompatibility was observed in any of the isolates tested. VCG 1-A was the most common group within growing regions in Syria and proved to be the most virulent of the VCGs identified. These data indicate that the level of virulence in P. graminea is related to VCG.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.343-349
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• 1994

밤나무 동고병(胴枯病)에 심하게 감염(感染)된 미국밤나무의 이병(罹病)줄기로부터 병원균(病原菌)인 Cryphonectria parasitica를 102균주(菌株) 분리(分離)하여 배지상에서 배양(培養)하면서 체세포(體細胞) 화합성(和合性)을 조사한 결과, 102 균주는 54 개의 화합성군(和合性群)으로 나누어 졌으며 그중 38개의 화합성군에 단지 한 균주씩, 6개의 화합성군에 각각 2 균주씩 포함되었으며 나머지 52개 균주는 10개의 화합성군에 포함되어 다양한 화합성군으로 분화(分化)되었음을 보여주었다. 체세포 화합성에 있어서 이러한 다양(多樣)한 분화는 병원균이 분리된 지역에서 80년 이상 존재(存在)해 오면서 시간이 경과(經過)함에 따라 유전적(遺傳的)으로 많은 분화가 일어나고 이로 인하여 화합성군의 숫자가 증가(增加)한 것에 기인(起因)하는 것으로 추측된다. 가장 빈도(頻度)가 높은 10개의 화합성군으로부터 각각 한 균주씩을 대표적인 균주로 선발(選拔)하고 이들을 여러 지역에서 분리된 저병원성 균주와 균사융합(菌絲融合)을 시키면서 저병원성(低病原性) 균주로의 변환(變換)을 시도(試圖)하였다. 10개의 대표적인 균주는 모두 최소(最少)한 1개 이상의 저병원성 균주에 의해서 저병원성 균주로 변환되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2005

Vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici isolates collected from tomatoes in Korea were analyzed to determine the genetic characteristics and compared to those of foreign isolates. In comparison of VCG specificity with foreign VCG subgroup testers, Korean isolates were revealed to be VCG 0094 and to be similar to those of Israel and Florida, USA having a 'Universal' property. Results of this study will contribute the effective control of disease through precise estimation of fungal damage, the prediction of new pathogenic isolates appearance, and the movement of foreign pathogens.