• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.214-224
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• 2015

The economy of India and so also of many Asian countries depends on bamboos and their uses are not only in domestic items but also in rural housing and raw materials to several industries and germplasm characterization is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering coupled with different biotic agencies and environmental factors. Identification and genetic relationships among accessions of Thamnocalamus falconeri were investigated using morphology and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. Analysis started by using 51 vegetative characters and forty two 10-mer primers that allowed us to distinguish different genotypes hailing from different eco- zones of Garhwal Himalayas (India). The selected primers (12) were used for identification and for establishing a profiling system to estimate genetic diversity. A total of 79.33% polymorphism was estimated by using 12 selected primers. The genetic similar analysis was conducted based on binary digits i.e. presence (1) or absence (0) of bands, which revealed a wide range of variability among the species whereas genetic relatedness was quite high based on vegetative characters. Cluster analysis clearly showed two major clusters for both of the markers viz. morphology and RAPD belonging to 10 accessions of T. falconeri. Two major clusters were further divided into minor clusters. Cluster based on RAPD marker showed grouping of accessions of closed locality whereas analogy was reported for vegetative traits. The RAPD technique has the potential for use in species identification and genetic relationships studies of bamboo for breeding program.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.393-402
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• 2018

Rice world production is affected due to the growing impact of diseases such as bacterial panicle blight, produced by Burkholderia glumae. The pathogen-induced symptoms include seedling rot, grain rot and leafsheath browning in rice plants. It is currently recognized the entrance of this pathogen to the plant, from infected seeds and from environmental sources of the microorganism. However, it is still not fully elucidated the dynamics and permanence of the pathogen in the plant, from its entry until the development of disease symptoms in seedlings or panicles. In this work it was evaluated the infection of B. glumae rice plants, starting from inoculated seeds and substrates, and its subsequent monitoring after infection. Various organs of the plant during the vegetative stage and until the beginning of the reproductive stage, were evaluated. In both inoculation models, the bacteria was maintained in the plant as an endophyte between $1{\times}10^1$ and $1{\times}10^5cfu$ of B. $glumae.g^{-1}$ of plant throughout the vegetative stage. An increase of bacterial population towards initiation of the panicle was observed, and in the maturity of the grain, an endophyte population was identified in the flag leaf at $1{\times}10^6cfu$ of B. $glumae.g^{-1}$ fresh weight of rice plant, conducting towards the symptoms of bacterial panicle blight. The results found, suggest that B. glumae in rice plants developed from infected seeds or from the substrate, can colonize seedlings, establishing and maintaining a bacterial population over time, using rice plants as habitat to survive endophyticly until formation of bacterial panicle blight symptoms.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2004

We investigated the effect of infection time of CGMMV on the growth and quality of watermelon and cucumber plants. The effect (damages by CGMMV) was estimated on the watermelon where CGMMV had been inoculated at different growth stages, vegetative (transplanting stage, vegetative growth stage) and reproductive growth stage (fruiting stage and fruit hypertrophy stage). In the case of cucumber, CGMMV was inoculated at transplanting stage and Erst flowering stage, respectively. When watermelon was infected with CGMMV at vegetative growth stage, vine length, internode length, leaf area, and fruit weight of the plants largely decreased compared with control plants, while the infected plant growth was not very different from control plants when it was infected at reproductive growth stage. Brix of the fruit of watermelon also decreased when the plants was infected with the virus earlier than fruiting stage. The occurrence of 'Pisubag', internal discoloration and decomposition of watermelon fruits, tended to be increased as earlier infection time with CGMMV In the case of cucumber infection time with CGMMV did not influence earlier growth of the plants, but did later growth showing that plant height, vine length, internode length, number of leaf, leaf wide, and leaf length of the plants decreased as infection time became to be earlier.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

In order to investigate the effect of low temperature pretreatment on pollen dimorphism and embryo formation in anther culture of Platycodon grandiflorum, the anthers with microspore at the uninucleate stage were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA. The low temperature pretreatment have clear effect on the frequencies of S pollen grains, symmetrical binucleate microspores (B type of S pollen), multinucleate and multicelled pollen grains. Especially, after low temperature pretreatment at 8$^{\circ}C$ for 5 days increased the frequency of S pollen grain (20.6%) in vivo. In addition, the highest frequency of callus induction (54.9%) and embryo formation (9.9%) were obtained from the anther pretreatment at 8$^{\circ}C$ or 5 days. Three distinct pathways could be recognized in the androgenesis, one involving mainly the vegetative cell, the second starting with the vegetative and the generative cell, respectively, and the third accompaning with two equal vegetative type cells in the pollen grains.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1996

Since sequencing of randomly selected cDNA clones has been known to be a powerful approach to obtain information on gene expression pattern in specific cells or tissues, we have analyzed a 3'-directed cDNA library of vegetative mycelia of A. nidulans by single-pass sequencing of hundreds of randomly selected clones. Sequencing of 292 cDNA clones yielded 209 gene signatures (GSs) probably representing highly or lesser expressed genes in the vegetative mycelia. Among the 209 GSs, 25 (79 cDNA clones) appeared more than once and 184 only once. One GS appeared at a highest frequency of 6 times, 2 GSs5 times, 4 GSs 4 times, a GSs 3 times and 16 GSs twice. About 6.6% GSs comprizing of 13 GSs showed alternative polyadenylation. Among 23 redundant GSs, three were common in both mycelia and sexual organs, and 22 were probably mycelia-specific. Out of 209 GSs, 36 were identified in GenBank showing of 70% or greater similaritis. Only six GSs were for A. nidulans genes, and 13 GSs were of DNA or genes encoding cytoplasmic or organellar proteins. This pattern is similar to those in the human HepG2 cell line and in human colonic mucosa, although very few genes for nuclear proteins and for protein synthesis were in A. nidulans.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.482-490
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• 2015

In this study, considering the factors that affects sediment trapping efficiency of Vegetative Filter Strips (VFS), the scenarios were designed to develop a regression equation to estimate sediment trapping efficiency of VFS for agricultural fields in South-Korea. For this, general conditions of agricultural fields in South-Korea were investigated. Then, based on these results, total 53,460 scenarios were set and simulated by Vegetative Filter Strip MODel (VFSMOD-w). Two variables were determined from the results of 53,460 scenarios. These two variables were applied to CurveExpert for development of a equation, which can estimate sediment trapping efficiency of VFS. The equation developed in this study can be used in SWAT model for estimation of sediment reduction efficiency of VFS to upland field in Korea. Moreover, it is expected that VFS will be effectively applied to agricultural fields in South-Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.937-946
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• 2011

Several isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were screened for the vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip) effective against sap-sucking insect pests. Screening results were based on $LC_{50}$ values against cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), one of the dangerous pests of various crop plants including cotton. Among the isolates, the Bt#BREF24 showed promising results, and upon purification the aphidicidal protein was recognized as a binary toxin. One of the components of this binary toxin was identified by peptide sequencing to be a homolog of Vip2A that has been reported previously in other Bacillus spp. Vip2 belongs to the binary toxin group Vip1-Vip2, and is responsible for the enzymatic activity; and Vip1 is the translocation and receptor binding protein. The two genes encoding the corresponding proteins of the binary toxin, designated as vip2Ae and vip1Ae, were cloned from the Bt#BREF24, sequenced, and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Aphid feeding assay with the recombinant proteins confirmed that these proteins are indeed the two components of the binary toxins, and the presence of both partners is essential for the activity. Aphid specificity of the binary toxin was further verified by ligand blotting experiment, which identified an ~50 kDa receptor in the brush border membrane vesicles of the cotton aphids only, but not in the lepidopteran insects. Our finding holds a promise of its use in future as a candidate gene for developing transgenic crop plants tolerant against sap-sucking insect pests.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2002

In woody plant germplasms, using prefrozen dormant buds for materials is one way to achieve successful cryopreservation. The protocol of cryopreservation for White birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) winter vegetative buds is the following. First, the branches of White birch were collected in January 20, when the vegetative buds were still in a state of quiescence. The winter buds with about 5㎜ of xylem tissue were removed from the branches. They were dehydrated to moisture contents about 44% by air dry treatment. The buds were prefrozen, with the temperature being decreased by 5∼-20$\^{C}$ and then transfered to the LN(liquid nitrogen) maintained below -l96$\^{C}$. After cryopreservation, the vegetative buds were rapidly thawed in a water bath at 40$\pm$5$\^{C}$. In this case, the cell survival rate of samples was about 86%. After sterilization, buds were then cultured on MS medium. These results demonstrate the feasibility for cryopreservation of winter vegetation buds of Betula platyphylla var. japonica.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2003

Identification of species within the toxin-producing genus Alexandrium is vital for biotoxin monitoring and mitigation decisions regarding shellfish industry. In particular, the discrimination of resting cysts of only A. tamarense from that of Alexandrium spp. is considerable important to fundamentally monitor and predict this species before vegetative cells occur in the nature. Fluorescent cTAM-F1 DNA probe was responsible to not only binding the activity of the vegetative cells in A. tamarense, but also to the resting cysts, which was treated with methanol after fixation and stained by primuline on the surface The location of fluorescence in cultured vegetative cells and resting cysts was almost at tile bottom of the nucleus. The optimal incubation temperature and time using in situ hybridization were 50-$54^{\circ}C$ and 40-60 min, respectively, to penetrate the DNA probe into cell.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.281-289
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• 2017

Background: In this study, the growth and reproductive response of seedlings, grown in plastic pots with sand, to moisture and nutrients were analyzed in order to study the environmental conditions required to create an alternative habitat for Epilobium hirsutum L., an endangered plant. Results: Vegetative and reproductive growths of Epilobium hirsutum L. are accelerated with increase in moisture and organic matter content in the soil. Among vegetative organs, the number of runners related to asexual reproduction was the highest when the moisture content was over 25% and nutrient content between 7 and 14% in the soil. But the number of flowers related to flowering responses, among reproductive organs, was the highest when the moisture content was maintained at 75% and when nutrient content was 21% in the soil. The number of seeds, related to sexual reproduction, was the highest when the moisture content was over 25% and nutrient content between 14 and 21%. Conclusions: The study results show that a place with high moisture and nutrient content in the soil is advantageous to asexual and sexual reproduction of Epilobium hirsutum L. Therefore, we must serve periodically nutrient and seeds to sustain population in in situ conservation. Furthermore, it is advisable to create in riverside where abundant nutrient content have, making alternative habitat of Epilobium hirsutum L. Also, we must find species that have high contribution degree index through vegetation survey.