• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of small RC(radio controlled) helicopter and single lens reflect camera as SFAP(Small Format Aerial Photography) aquisition system to monitor the vegetation coverage of wetland. The system used to take pictures of small artificial wetland were a common optical camera(Nikon F80 with manual lens whose focal length was 28mm) attached to the bottom of a RC helicopter with a 50 cubic inch size glow engine. Three hundreds pictures were taken at the altitude of 50m above the ground, from 23rd June to 7th September 2005. Four from the images were selected and scanned to digital images whose dimension were 2048${\times}$1357 pixels. Those images were processed and rectified with GCP(Ground Control Poins) and digital map, and then classified by the supervised- classification module of image processing program PG-steamer Version 2.2. The major findings were as follows ; 1. The final images processed had very high spatial resolution so that the objects bigger than 30mm like lotus(Nelumbo nucifera), rock and deck were easily identified. 2. The dominant plants of the monitoring site were Monochoria ragianlis, Typha latifolia, Beckmannia syzigachne etc. Because those species have narrow and long leaves and form irregular biomass, the individuals were hardly identifiable, but the distribution of population were easily identifiable depending on the color difference. 3. The area covered by vegetation was rapidly increased during the first month of monitoring. At the beginning of the monitoring 23th June 2005, The rate of area covered by vegetation were only 34%, but after 27 and 60 days it increased to 74%, and the 86% respectively.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2022

식생은 인간에게 다양한 생태공간을 제공하고 수자원 및 기후환경 측면에서도 매우 중요하기 때문에 근적외선 센서 기반의 식생지수를 활용한 식생 모니터링 연구가 많이 수행되어 왔다. 따라서 근적외선 센서를 구비하지 못할 경우 식생 모니터링 연구가 현실적으로 어려운 문제가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 개선하고자 NDVI 식생지수를 기준자료로 하여 광학센서 기반의 식생지수 정확도를 평가하였다. 먼저 현장에서 조사한 식생조사 지점과 NDVI 식생지수와의 중첩을 통해 Kappa 계수를 계산하였으며, 그 결과 Kappa 계수가 0.930으로 가장 높게 나타난 0.6 이상의 임계값을 갖는 식생영역을 광학센서 기반의 식생지수 정확도 평가의 기준자료로 선정할 수 있었다. NDVI 식생지수를 기준자료로 선정하여 광학센서 기반의 식생지수와 비교한 결과, 0.04, 0.08, 0.30 이상의 임계값 구간에서 Kappa 계수가 각각 0.713, 0.713, 0.828로 가장 높게 분석되었다. 특히 RGBVI 식생지수의 경우 Kappa 계수가 0.828로 높게 나타났으며, 따라서 근적외선 센서를 활용하지 못하는 환경에서도 광학센서를 활용한 식생 모니터링 연구가 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2022

In this study, a monitoring method using high-resolution images acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles and deep learning algorithms was proposed for the management of the Sinduri coastal sand dunes. Class classification was done using U-net, a semantic division method. The classification target classified 3 types of sand dune vegetation into 4 classes, and the model was trained and tested with a total of 320 training images and 48 test images. Ignored label was applied to improve the performance of the model, and then evaluated by applying two loss functions, CE Loss and BCE Loss. As a result of the evaluation, when CE Loss was applied, the value of mIoU for each class was the highest, but it can be judged that the performance of BCE Loss is better considering the time efficiency consumed in learning. It is meaningful as a pilot application of unmanned aerial vehicles and deep learning as a method to monitor and manage sand dune vegetation. The possibility of using the deep learning image analysis technology to monitor sand dune vegetation has been confirmed, and it is expected that the proposed method can be used not only in sand dune vegetation but also in various fields such as forests and grasslands.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation and tree vitality of Berchemia berchemiaefolia habitat to recommend basic information for synecological characteristics. Totally 9 vegetation data were collected and analyzed. And one plant community (Quercus serrata-Berchemia berchemiaefolia community) including 43 families 66genera 72 species 8 varieties and 3 forma was differentiated. Quercus serrata-Berchemia berchemiaefolia community was subdivided into Typical subunit and Quercus mongolica subunit. Species showing the higer r-NCD value in the plant community were Berchemia berchemiaefolia, Quercus serrata, Lindera obtusiloba, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii. In tree vitality result, Berchemia berchemiaefolia population containing 35 individual was estimated 3 monitoring categories; 1) General 2) Principal 3) Absolute. These categories frequencies arranged by the order General Monitoring (85.7%; 30 individual), Principal Monitoring (11.4%; 4 individual) and Absolute Monitoring (2.9%; 1 individual).

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.289-291
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• 2003

Selective logging is currently a widely adopted management practice throughout the tropics. Monitoring of spatial extent and intensity of such logging is, therefore, becoming an important issue for sustainable management of forest. This study explores the possibility of using vegetation indices and Landsat 7 ETM+ image for this purpose. Two dataset acquired on 2002 and 2000 of Labanan concession area East Kalimantan, Indonesia were used. Three different vegetation indices (MSAVI, SAVI and NDVI) slicing and differentiating methods were tested. The results showed that the MSAVI is superior with overall accuracy of 77% and kappa 0.64.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.598-601
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• 2007

Urban growth management is essential for sustainable urban growth. Monitoring physical urban built-up area is a task of great significance to manage urban growth. Detecting urbanized area is essential for monitoring urbanized area. Although image classifications using satellite imagery are among the conventional methods for detecting urbanized area, they requires very tedious and hard work, especially if time-series remote sensing data have to be processed. In this paper, we propose an effective urbanized area detecting method based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). To verify the proposed method, we extract urbanized area using two methods; one is conventional supervised classification method and the other is the proposed method. Experiments shows that two methods are consistent with 98% in 1998, 99.3% in 2000, namely the consistency of two methods is very high. Because the proposed method requires no more process without band operations, it can reduce time and effort. Compared with the supervised classification method, the proposed method using vegetation indices can serve as quick and efficient alternatives for detecting urbanized area.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.302-317
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• 2010

본 연구는 탄천내 기존 콘크리트 호안블럭을 제거하지 않고 호안녹화용 매트를 적용하여 경관개선 및 생물서식기반을 조성하고자 하는 지역의 복원 효과 확인 및 관리방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 모니터링 결과 식물상은 2006년 18과 38종 3변종 총 41종류, 2007년 19과 56종 3변종 총 59종류, 2008년 29과 59종 8변종 총 64종류로 매년 식물종이 증가하고 있었다. 식물상 분포의 특징은 공법 적용지를 중심으로 식재한 물억새, 수크령 등이 세력을 형성하고 있었으며 범람시 토사 퇴적으로 자생종 중심의 다양한 종이 출현하고 있어 생태적으로 양호한 상태이었다. 현재는 자생종이 우점하고 있었으나 주기적인 범람에 의한 교란 유발 종과 외래종의 증가가 예상되므로 장기모니터링을 통해 관리가 이루어져야 양호한 수변생태계가 형성될 수 있을 것이다. 결국 하천천이 초기식생과 교란지 식생이 혼재되어 나타나는 생육양상이었다. 이와 같은 호안 녹화용 식생매트 공법은 콘크리트를 제거하지 않고 상부에 코이어 매트를 포설하여 불량경관을 개선할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 식물생육의 기반을 제공하여 계속적인 식물종의 증가에 따른 종다양성을 확보하는데 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2009

2000년 이후 빈번하게 발생하고 있는 봄 가뭄을 모니터링하기 위한 방법의 하나로 위성영상을 이용하여 제작한 식생지수의 변화를 통해 가뭄을 간접적으로 추정하는 연구가 수행되고 있다. 식생지수 기반의 가뭄 모니터링은 가뭄의 변화를 시 공간적으로 효과적으로 파악할 수 있다는 장점을 갖고 있으며 MODIS 영상과 같이 주기 해상도가 뛰어난 저해상도 위성영상의 활용 기반이 조성됨에 따라 가뭄모니터링을 위한 식생지수의 활용성은 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 식생지수를 이용한 가뭄평가는 식생 활력에 영향을 주는 요소를 기상학적 요인으로 제한하고 있으나 실제 식생 스트레스를 초래하는 직 간접적인 원인은 매우 다양하며 이로 인해 식생지수를 이용한 가뭄평가는 다수의 불확실성이 내포되어 있다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 식생지수를 이용한 가뭄분석의 객관성을 확보하고 이를 활용한 가뭄모니터링 체계를 구축하기 위해서는 가뭄관리를 위해 활용되고 있는 대표적인 가뭄분석 도구와의 비교가 선행되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 식생지수인 NDVI를 기상학적 가뭄지수인 PDSI, SPI와 비교하고 이들의 상관성을 제시함으로써 가뭄평가를 위한 식생지수의 활용성을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구결과 다중시기를 대상으로 NDVI와 지속기간 6개월의 SPI변화패턴은 유사하게 나타났으며 NDVI는 식생피복을 갖는 내륙지역에서 가뭄지수와 가장 높은 상관성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2015

The vegetation index is a crucial parameter in many biophysical studies of vegetation, and is also a valuable content in ecological processes researching. The OVIs (Optical Vegetation Index) that of using multispectral and hyperspectral data have been widely investigated in the literature, while the RVI (Radar Vegetation Index) that of considering volume scattering measurement has been paid relatively little attention. Also, there was only some efforts have been put to fuse the OVI with the RVI as an integrated vegetation index. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel FVI (Fusion Vegetation Index) that uses multispectral and full-PolSAR (Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar) data. By fusing a NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of RapidEye and an RVI of C-band Radarsat-2, we demonstrated that the proposed FVI has higher separability in different vegetation types than only with OVI and RVI. Also, the experimental results show that the proposed index not only has information on the vegetation greenness of the NDVI, but also has information on the canopy structure of the RVI. Based on this preliminary result, since the vegetation monitoring is more detailed, it could be possible in various application fields; this synergistic FVI will be further developed in the future.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

In support of remote sensing applications for monitoring processes of the Earth system, research was conducted to analyze the basic spectral response related to background soil and vegetation cover characteristics in the visible and reflective infrared wavelengths. Surface samples of seven stations were examined. Five soils were from land-field and two soils from tideland areas. The vegetation cover experiment was conducted on seven soil samples with known natural moisture content (%) by weight. To study the effect of vegetation cover, spectral measurements were taken on five or six vegetation cover treatments of the seven soils with 3 replications in air dry conditions. For collecting RS base data, used spectro-radiometer that measures reflection characteristics between 300~1,100nm was used and measured the reflection of vegetation from bean leaves. The relationships were evaluated for both a general soil line and for the individual lines of five soils, under air-dried condition as well as different vegetation cover ratio, through the determination of the line parameters. As vegetation cover ratio in bean leaves increases, features of soil reflectance decrease and those of plant reflectance become more and more apparent. In proportion to vegetation cover rate, near-infrared reflectance increased and visible reflectance decreased. Analysis results are compared to commonly used vegetation indices(RVI and NDVI ).