• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

경상북도 울진군에 위치한 천축산 일대 금강소나무림을 중심으로 한 군집구조와 종조성에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 조사지 내 관속식물상은 총 66과 165속 211종 2아종 29변종 6품종으로 248분류군으로 조사되었으며 금강소나무림을 중심으로 신갈나무 군집, 굴참나무 군집, 갈참나무-국수나무 군집으로 3가지 군집으로 분류되었다. 군집 간 토양의 이화학적 성질의 차이는 유기물층 깊이, 연년생장량, 해발고도, 양이온치환용량, 전질소, pH 등의 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 하층식생을 중심으로 한 DCA 분석 결과 P-1, P-2의 조사구가 광범위한 환경에 분포하는 것에 반해 P-3 군집은 두 군집과 비교하여 이질적인 종조성인 것으로 분석되었다. 종다양도와 지표종 분석결과 P-3군집에서 목본층과 하층식생의 종풍부도 및 종다양도 지수가 높은 것으로 분석되었는데, 이는 숲틈에 의한 임내 광량이 다량 유입되어 선구종(pioneer species) 및 여러 식물종이 생육하기 용이한 공간을 마련한 결과로 나타났다(Schnitzer and Carson, 2001). 이에 따른 만경류와 같은 수관열림에 의한 수종 유입에 따른 금강소나무의 피해를 방지하기 위한 장기적인 모니터링을 실시하여 임내 환경과 하층식생의 변화상을 관찰하여야 한다. 특정지역에 대한 생태적 데이터베이스의 구축은 생태계 보전을 위한 기초자료로 활용되며 이는 곧 서식처로 삼고있는 동물들의 보전으로 이어져 생물다양성과 종간 상호작용이 원활하게 이루어져 건전한 생태계를 유지한다. 이를 위한 효율적인 보전방안의 하나는 GIS (Geographic Information System) 데이터를구축하는 것으로 대면적 생태경관보전지역의 경우 공간적 범위가 넓어 인간이 수동적으로 인지하기에 한계가 있기 때문에 효과적인 관리 방법이 될 것이다. 또한 연구대상지 내 수집한 데이터를 정량화 시키고 유기적인 경관보전을 위해 장기적인 모니터링이 요구되며, 이는 왕피천 유역의 시계열적인 생태계를 이해하는 방법이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.359-370
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• 1998

1987년부터 1998년까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 연골모세포종으로 진단받은 8례를 대상으로 임상병리학적 특정의 분석과 면역조직화학적 검색을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 환자의 연령은 17세에서 38세 사이였고 평균연령은 22.7세였다. 종양의 크기는 1.5cm에서 8.0cm 사이이며 평균 크기는 4.0cm였다. 종양은 대퇴골(3례), 슬개골(2례), 경골(1례), 비골(1례) 및 척골(1례)에서 각각 발생하였다. 육안적으로 종괴는 회백색의 고형성 부위, 암갈색의 출혈, 괴사 및 낭성 변화가 다양한 비율로 섞여 있었고, 조직학적으로 연골성 분화는 8례중 7례 (87.5%)에서 나타났으며, 유사분열은 5례(62.5%), 혈철소 침착은 5례 (62.5%) 그리고 괴사는 3례 (37.5%)에서 각각 발견되었다. 석회화는 3례 (37.5%)에서 관찰되었고, 4례 (50%)에서는 이차성 동맥류성 골낭을 보였으며 1례(12.5%)에서는 혈관침범이 관찰되었다. S-100 단백은 7례 (87.5%)에서 종양세포의 세포질에 양성 반응을 나타내었고, 모든 예에서 cytokeratin에 대하여 음성 반응을 보였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1197-1201
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• 2012

Objective: To study the relationship between clinical pathologic characteristics, treatment modalities and prognostic factors in HER-2 (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2) overexpressed breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Major clinico-pathological factors including therapeutic modalities and survival status of 371 breast cancer patients with HER2 over-expression, teated at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from March of 2002 to December of 2010 were retrospectively studied, with special attention focused on survival-related factors. Results: The median age of the total 371 patients in this study was 48 years at time of diagnosis, among which, the leading pathological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (92.5%); 62.8% presented with a primary tomor larger than 2 cm in diameter at diagnosis, 51.0% had axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases; ER (Estrogen receptor)/PR (Progesterone receptor) double negative occured in 52.8% of cases, and PCNA (proliferation cell nuclear antigen) (+++) was found in 55.1%. HER-2 overexpressed patients were usually in advanced stage when the diagnosis was made (72.8% at stages IIA~IIIC). The prognosis and survival were assessed in 259 patients with complete follow-up data. 5-year DFS (disease-free survival) and OS (overall survival) rate was 68.0% and 78.0% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age, tumor size, ALN metastases, LVSI (lymph-vascular space involvement), PCNA status, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy cycles, and HER-2 overexpression, correlated closely with the prognosis. ALN metastases, LVSI, PCNA status and chemotherapy cycles were independent predictors of survival. Conclusions: HER-2 overexpressed breast cancer has special clinical and pathological characteristics, with advanced clinical stages and high rate of ER/PR double negative. Lymph node metastases, LVSI, PCNA and chemotherapy cycles are independent predictors of prognosis.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2004

보리호위축병(BaYMV)에 의한 보리의 생육 피해 및 세포학적 변화를 조사하였다. 보리호위축병에 이병된 포장의 보리는 생육 및 수량 구성요소가 피해를 받은 것으로 조사되었다. 보리호위축병에 의해 간장은 건전주에 비해 25cm 작아져 36%의 간장 단축율을 보였으며, 이 줄기신장의 억제는 $m^2$당 수수와 수당립수 등을 감소시켰다. 이들 생육의 피해로 인해 이병포장에서의 수량은 건전포장에 비해 70%이상 감소된 것으로 조사되었다. BaYMV에 감염된 보리 잎에는 전형적인 Bymovirus의 pinwheel형의 세포내 봉입체의 형성이 확인되었다. 또한 BaYMV는 줄기 신장과 관계가 있는 줄기와 추수도, 그리고 마디조직의 세포 신장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 특히, 줄기의 세포는 표피세포의 길이나 유관속 조직 크기와 같은 세포 생장에 큰 피해를 받은 것으로 조사되었다. 추수도 조직에서는 섬유조직과 cortex 세포의 크기에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으며, 마디 조직에서는 건전주의 조직 전체 크기가 이병주에 비해 1.5배 정도 큰 결과를 보였다. 이들 결과는 BaYMV의 감염은 세포의 신장이 억제에 영향을 미치고, 이는 보리의 줄기 신장과 생육을 억제하게 되어 결국 수량 감소를 일으키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5095-5099
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• 2013

Background: The overall incidence of breast cancer in South Asian countries, including Nepal, is low compared to Western countries. However, the incidence of breast cancer among young women is relatively high. Breast cancer in such cases is characterized by a relatively unfavorable prognosis and unusual pathological features. The aim of this study was to investigate clinico-pathological and biological characteristics in younger breast cancer patients (<40 years) and compare these with their older counterparts. Materials and Methods: Nine hundred and forty four consecutive female breast cancer patients, admitted to the Department of Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal between November 1997 and October 2012, were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Out of the 944 female breast cancer patients, 263 (27.9%) were <40 years. The mean age was $34.6{\pm}5.0$ years among younger patients compared to $54.1{\pm}9.9$ for those ${\geq}40$ years. The mean age at menarche was also significantly lower ($13.5{\pm}1.5$ vs $14.2{\pm}1.5$ years p=0.001) while the mean duration of symptoms was significantly longer (7.6 vs 6.5 months p=0.004). Family history of breast cancer was evident in 3.0% of the young women versus 0.3% in the older one. Mammography was performed less frequently in younger patients (59.7%), compared to older (74.4%), and was of diagnostic benefit in only 20% of younger patients compared to 85% of older ones. At diagnosis, the mean tumor diameter was significantly larger in young women ($5.0{\pm}2.5$ vs $4.5{\pm}2.4cm$, p=0.005). Axillary lymph nodes were positive in 73% of younger patients and 59% of older patients. In the younger group, the proportion of stage III or IV disease was higher (55.1% vs 47.1%, $p{\leq}0.05$). The proportion of breast conserving surgery was higher in young patients (25.1% vs 8.7%) and a higher proportion of younger patients receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (9.9% vs 2.8%). The most common histological type was ductal carcinoma (93.1% vs 86%). The proportion of histological grade II or III was higher in younger patients (55.9% vs 24.5%). Similarly, in the younger group, lymphatic and vascular invasion was more common (63.2% vs 34.3% and 39.8% vs 25.4%, respectively). Patients in the younger age group exhibited lower estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positivity (34.7% vs 49.8%). Although statistically not significant, the proportion of triple negative tumors in younger age group was higher (22.4% vs 13.6%). Conclusions: Breast cancer in young Nepalese women represents over one quarter of all female breast cancers, many being diagnosed at an advanced stage. Tumors in young women exhibit more aggressive biological features. Hence, breast cancer in young women is worth special attention for earlier detection.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.686-694
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• 2015

Background Rosa damascena, a type of herb, has been used for wound healing in Eastern folk medicine. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rose placenta from R. damascena in a full-thickness wound model in mice. Methods Sixty six-week-old C57BL/6N mice were used. Full-thickness wounds were made with an 8-mm diameter punch. Two wounds were made on each side of the back, and wounds were assigned randomly to the control and experimental groups. Rose placenta ($250{\mu}g$) was injected in the experimental group, and normal saline was injected in the control group. Wound sizes were measured with digital photography, and specimens were harvested. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$), and CD31. Vessel density was measured. Quantitative analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for EGF was performed. All evaluations were performed on postoperative days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test. Results On days 4, 7, and 10, the wounds treated with rose placenta were significantly smaller. On day 2, VEGF and EGF expression increased in the experimental group. On days 7 and 10, TGF-${\beta}1$ expression decreased in the experimental group. On day 10, vessel density increased in the experimental group. The increase in EGF on day 2 was confirmed with ELISA. Conclusions Rose placenta was found to be associated with improved wound healing in a mouse full-thickness wound model via increased EGF release. Rose placenta may potentially be a novel drug candidate for enhancing wound healing.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.292-295
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• 2013

9세령의 수컷 도베르만견이 5개월간 간헐적인 혈뇨, 구토 및 당뇨증상을 보여 동물병원에 내원하였다. 초음파상에서 종대된 좌측 신장의 수질부위에 종괴가 발견되었다. 육안적으로 좌측 신장의 피질 및 수질부는 현저하게 위축되어 있었으며 신우 부위는 종괴로 인하여 확장된 수신증을 나타내었다. 크기 4~5.5 cm의 유두상으로 돌출된 꽃자루와 같은 단일종괴가 신우 부위에 있으며, 요관으로 뻗어 있었다. 병리조직학적으로 종괴는 나뭇가지 모양으로 무수히 돌출된 유두상의 돌기들로 구성되어 있었다. 이 돌기들은 섬유혈관성 중심부와 뚜렷한 이형태성을 가지는 여러 층의 종양화된 이행상피들로 피복되어 있었다. 면역조직화학염색을 실시한 결과 종양세포들은 사이토케라틴(cytokeratin: CK) 7, 19, CK clone MNF116 및 CK HMW에 대해서 양성을 보였으나 CK 8 LMW에서는 음성 반응을 나타내었다. 육안적인 특징, 병리조직학적 소견 및 면역조직화학염색에 의한 사이토케라틴의 반응성을 토대로 이 종괴는 개의 신우에서 발생한 이행상피암종으로 진단되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2013

이 실험에서 우리는 더덕의 기내 소비대근형성에 의한 대량생산을 처음으로 보고하였다. 첫번째로, 다경지유도를 위한 싸이토키닌의 효과를 실험하였다. 2.0 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ kinetin 처리는 줄기유도비율(19.1%)뿐만 아니라 줄기의 길이신장(17.1 mm)이 가장 높았다. 두번째로, 절간절편에서 유도되는 기내 소비대근형성에서 탄소급원의 효과를 연구하였다. 비대근의 직경은 1/2 MS배지에 145.9 mM Suc첨가시 증가하였다. 조직학적 분석은 비대근 내에 전분입자가 포함된 유세포의 수가 증가하였다. 게다가 세근은 비대근과 달리 관다발이 피층내에 흩어져 존재하였다. 세번째로, 소비대근의 보전과 발아 촉진을 위하여 $4^{\circ}C$ 저온저장고에 9달 동안 저장 후 이것을 인공상토로 이식한 결과 생존율 75%, 발아율 70%라는 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과 더덕의 대량 번식은 기내 소비대근 형성에 의해 얻을 수 있고 이러한 방법은 우수클론의 번식 뿐만 아니라 더덕 유전자원 보존을 위해 제공될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.48-63
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• 2010

Objectives: Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan (Yan Nian Yi Shou Gu Ben Dan 延年益壽固本丹) is composed of 11 herbs (Polygoni Mutiflori Radix, Lycii Radicis Cortex, Polia, Rehmanniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Asparagi Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Lycii Fructus, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Angelicae Acutiloba Radix, and Pini Folium) based on Yonryunggobon-dan (Yan Ling Gu Ben Dan 延齡固本丹) and Yonnyuniksoobulrho-dan (Yan Nian Yi Shou Bu Lao Dan 延年益壽不老丹). This study evaluated hair growth promoting effect of Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan on the shaved C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan was treated by oral administration (Sample I) and oral administration plus skin application (Sample II) once a day for 12 days. Hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period. Hair growth cycle related factors (EGF, TGF-${\beta}1$) and vascular factors (VEGF, iNOS) were also determined with immunohistochemistry. Results: 1. On gross observation of hair regrowth, Sample I and Sample II groups demonstrated acceleration of hair regrowth. 2. The hair regrowth index of the Sample I group increased significantly from 7 days (P<0.05) to 12 days (P<0.01) after the shave while that of the Sample II group significantly increased at 12 days (P<0.05). 3. On histological observation, both Sample I and Sample II groups demonstrated histological improvement and increases of number and diameter of the hair follicles. 4. EGF expressions on the root sheath of hair follicles were up-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. 5. TGF-${\beta}1$ expressions on the root sheath of hair follicles were not regulated in Sample I or Sample II groups. 6. VEGF expressions in the surrounding tissues of hair follicles were up-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. 7. iNOS expressions in the surrounding tissues of hair follicles were down-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan has hair growth-promoting activity and these effects relate to up-regulations of EGF and VEFG expressions and down-regulations of TGF-${\beta}1$ and iNOS expressions on hair roots.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2008

Objectives : This study evaluates the hair growth promoting effect of Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan on shaved C57BL6 mice. Methods : Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan was administered orally (Group I) and both orally and by skin application (Group II) once a day for 12 days. The experimental groups were compared to Control, which was orally administered physiological saline solution. Hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period. The levels of hair growth cycle related factors (EGF, TGF-${\beta}$1) and vascular factors (VEGF, iNOS) were also determined by immunohistochemistry. On gross observation of hair growth, both Group I and Group II shaved C57BL6 mice showed accelerated hair regrowth. Results : The hair regrowth index of Group I increased significantly from 7 days (P<0.05) to 12 days (P<0.01) after shaving and that of Group II was significantly higher at 12 days (P<0.05). On histological observation, both Group I and Group II demonstrated histological improvement and increases in the number and diameter of the hair follicles. EGF expression on the root sheath of hair follicles was up-regulated in both Group I and II. TGF-${\beta}$1 expression on the root sheath of hair follicles was unchanged in both Group I and II. VEGF expression in the tissues surrounding hair follicles was up-regulated in both groups. iNOS expression in the tissues surrounding hair follicles was down-regulated in both groups. Conclusions : These results suggest that Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan promotes hair growth and this effect is related to up-regulation of EGF and VEFG expression and down-regulation of TGF-${\beta}$1 and iNOS expression on hair roots.