• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2001

Disease occurrence and development of gray blight of tea (Camellia sinensis) were investigated. Higher incidences and more severe damage by gray blight were found in Japanese tea variety Yabukita than the Korean local variety. In Yabukita, Pestalotiopsis longiseta was more frequently observed on the diseased leaves than P. theae but vice versa in the Korean local variety. This indicates that there was the varietal difference in the distribution of fungal species of gray blight pathogens. Both varieties were most severely damaged during the third harvest period with weather conditions of high temperature and humidity favorable to the disease. Presence of the tea brown blight fungus Glomerella cingulata on the margin of gray blight lesion at the late stahe suggested that the pathogenic fungi of tea gray blight were replaced by the brown blight fungus during the disease development.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.308-310
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• 1999

A fungus associated with gray blight on tea plant (Camellia sinensis) was identifed as Pestalotiopsis theae based on the mycological characteristics. Mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar and size and shape of conidia of P. theae were similar to those of P. longiseta, but P. theae was different from P. longiseta in the color of three median cells and the number of apical appendages. Artificial inoculation of conidial suspension or mycelial mats on the wounded leaves and shoots of healthy plants induced the same disease, respectively. The Korean native variety was relatively. The Korean native variety was relatively more resistat to P. theae than a Japanese variety‘Yabukita’which has bee recently introduced and planted in large areas of southern parts of Korea. Here, we report the report the first record of gary blight caused by P. theae on tea plant in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.499-502
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• 2008

A new gerbera variety 'Yellow Wing' was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in 2007. A cross was made between 'Gold Finger' with yellow and single and 'Yellow Springs' with yellow and spider in 2004. After investigation of the characteristics for 4 years (from 2004 to 2007), it was selected specially for the use of cut-flower. 'Yellow Wing' is a vigorous cultivar with yellow (RHS YO14B), green center and spider type. The flower diameter is 10.6cm. And inner ray floret and disc diameter is 2.83cm and 2.03cm, respectively. It produces a large yield with continuous supply of flowers and has adequate peduncle height and brilliant color. We believe that 'Yellow Wing' has a great potential for expanding cultivated area of domestic gerbera cultivar and increasing farmers-income.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1980

The growth of rice variety 'Suweon 258' that is remote crossed variety between Indica and Japonica rice tended to be influenced more by air temperature than water temperature compared to Japonica variety 'Jinheung' that was influenced more by water temperature than air temperature during maximum tillering stage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.15
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• pp.33-59
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• 1974

A series of experiments were conducted at Crop Experiment Station from 1968 to 1971 to obtain basic information on effects of selection on yield of wheat varieties. Heritability estimates, correlation and path coefficients computed for yield and yield related characters from fixed variety groups-Korean, U.S., and Japan; early and late-$F_2$ and $F_3$ generations were studied. The same estimates for fixed variety groups grown under different fertilizer levels and years were also studied. The results were summarized as follow: 1. Three variety groups classified by their origins as Korea, United States and Japan showed high heritability estimates for heading date, plant height and spike length. The heritability estimates for grain number per spike and 1, 000 grain weight were moderate and those for the number of spikes per plant and grain yield were low. Very low estimates of heritability were obtained for grain number per spike and yield of variety group from the Unites States. 2. High genotypic correlation coefficients between 1, 000 grain weight and yield were obtained for all variety groups originated from Korea, United States and Japan and early variety group, except late variety group. The genotypic correlation coefficients between grain number per spike and yield were also high for all variety groups except variety group originated from the United States. 3. The direct effects of 1, 000 grain weight in terms of path-coefficients to yield were high for all variety groups except late variety group. 4. High genotypic correlation coefficients were obtained between 1, 000 grain weight and yield in $F_2$ from. two crosses. The same degree of genotypic correlation coefficients were obtained between grain number per spike and yield, although slight differences in its magnitude were found depending upon the cross combination. 5. The analysis of path-coefficients in $F_2$ shows that the direct effects of yield components to yield were negligible. 6. The characters that showed high genotypic correlation coefficients with yield in $F_3$ were 1, 000 gnain weight and grain number per spike. These characters showed also high direct effects to yield. 7. No great variations of heritability estimates for heading date, plant height and spike length were obtained for either fertilizer responsive or non responsive variety group due to fertilizer levels applied. 8. Heritability estimates of 1, 000 grain weight in fertilizer responsive group and yield in fertilizer nonresponsive group were high as level of fertilizer increased. 9. Heritability estimates for grain number per spike and 1, 000 grain weight of fertilizer non-responsive-group were higher than those of fertilizer. responsive group. 10. Genotypic corretation coefficients between yield and 1, 000 grain weight in fertilizer responsive group were getting lower as the level of fertilizer increased and those in fertilizer non-responsive group were vice versa. 11. Genotypic correlation coefficient between yield and spike number per plant in fertilizer responsive group was high. However, the genotypic correlation coefficient between yield and spike number per plant in fertilizer non-responsive group was low. 12. The direct effects of 1, 000 grain weight to yield were higher than other yield components either in fertilizer responsive or non-responsive group regardless of levels of fertilizer applied. The spike number per plant, however, was high only when high level of fertilizers were applied to fitilizer responsive group. 13. Slight variations of heritability estimates for heading dates, plant height, spike length, grain number per spike and 1, 000 grain weight were obtained between years. However, the spike number per plant with low heritabilility showed great variation between years. 14. The character that showed high genotypic correlation coefficients with yield in two years was 1, 000 grain weight, and this character was also high in direct effect to yield in terms of path-coefficients. 15. From the above experimental results, it might be concluded that 1, 000 grain weight would be one of the most important characters to increase the effects of selection for yield in wheat breeding in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1977

The results of the determination of the optimum level of nitrogen fertilizer experiment for rice paddy at 21 locations over the country in 1975 year are as follows. 1. The yields of control and N-fertilized plots of ordinary variety (Japonica type) were normal paddy soil>sandy paddy soil>poorly drained paddy soil. Control plots of Tongil variety, (Indica type) however, were sandy poorly drained soil>sandy normal paddy soil=clay poorly drained soil, and N-fertilized plots were normal paddy soil>sandy poorly drained soil>sandy soil>clay poorly drained soil. In other words Tongil variety has higher adaptability to sandy soil under no nitrogen. 2. The yield response to N-fertilizer was higher in normal paddy soil than sandy soil. The productivity per 1kg of nitrogen was 16.6kg in normal paddy soil, 10.5 in sandy soil, and 8.6-11.4 in poorly drained soil for Tongil variety. For ordinary variety, they were 12.6, 6.3, 6.6-9.3kg respectively. 3. Ripening ratio for ordinary variety and ripening ratio and grain weight for Togil variety were higher in sandy soil than normal paddy soil. The main reason why the N-response in mormal paddy soil is higher was appeared to be higher number of effective tillers in normal paddy soil. 4. The optimum rates of N-fertilizer in average were 19.4 in normal paddy soil, 14.6 in sandy soil, and 11.6-13.4kg/10a in poorly drained soil for Tongil variety. For ordinary variety they were 15.9, 10.2, and 8.7-12.7kg/10a respectively. 5. The optimum rate of nitrogen was increased with the increase of productivity in normal paddy soils. In sandy soils and poorly drained soils it was not proved. 6. The optimum rates of N-fertilizer calculated from field experiment were somewhat different from the optimum rates calculated from $SiO_2/OM$ ratio. However, the values calculated both ways showed high correlation. It would be recommendable, therefore, to use $SiO_2/OM$ ratio to calculate the optimum rates of N-fertilizer after revising this equation considering different rice varieties and soil types or water management and climate.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.13
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• pp.93-105
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• 1973

Differential tolerance of rice varieties, Tongil and Mangyung(or Milsung) varieties, against herbicides combined with Simetryne was investigated by the rate of application in 4 places; Jeonju, Gwangju, Iri and Milyang, whose soil textures were Lic, Sic, CL and Lic respectively. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Jeonju a. Initial crop injury At the rate of 2kg/10a prod. no initial crop injury was caused(both to Mangyung and Tongil varieties) on light clay soil, even when treated at high temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and above. Crop injury was first caused at 3kg/l0a prod. to Tongil variety and the damage increased in proportion to the increase of application rate, while no crop injury was caused to Mangyung variety even at high rate of 5kg/l0a prod. b. Yield Tongil variety: Under high temperature condition in a vinyl house no statistical difference was observed between treated and hand weeding plot at the rates of 3kg/l0a prod. and below. Under air temperature conditions no statistical difference was observed between treated and hand weeding plot at the rates of 4kg/l0a prod. and below. Mangyung variety: No statistical difference was observed between treated and hand weeding plot at the rates of 5kg/l0a prod. and below both under air and high temperature conditions. 2) Gwangju a. Initial crop injury Although almost the same tendency as in Jeonju was observed, a little lighter crop injury was observed in general in Gwangju than in Jeonju at the time of application. And so, no crop injury was caused to Tongil variety until 4kg/l0a prod. and above. b. Yield Tongil variety: No statistical difference was observed between treated and hand weeding plot at 4kg/l0a prod. and below. Mangyung variety: No statistical difference was observed between treated and hand weeding plot at 4kg/l0a prod. and below. 3) Iri No crop injury was caused both to Tongil and Mangyung varieties at 4kg/l0a prod. and below. Also, no reduction of grain yield was observed. 4) Milyang A little lighter crop injury was observed in general. No crop injury was caused to Milsung variety at 5kg/l0a prod. ; Only a slight crop injury was caused to Tongil variety. Yield: No statistical difference was observed between treated and hand weeding plot both of Tongil and Milsung varieties even at 5kg/l0a prod. and below.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2009

There are barley, wheat, oat, rye and triticale winter cereal crops for whole crop silage. These small grains have been suitable to use for round-baled silage making as livestock feed. Studies were carried out to understand the growth and productivity of five winter cereals grown at paddy field in middle region of South Korea. The ratio of culm weight per plant were described by quadratic function for 5 winter cereals crops. The peak of culm ratio were 1 May in barley variety 'Youngyang', 5 May in wheat variety Keumkang', 10 May in rye 'Gogu'(Rye), 11 May in triticale variety 'Shinyoung' and 13 June in oat variety 'Samhan', respectively. The ratio of leaf per plant were linearly decreased by growing. In barley and oat, the ratio of spike weight per plant were linearly increased after heading, but in wheat and triticale, it were not accumulated at one time after heading and rapidly increased after fertilization. The ratio of spike weight per plant in barley was outstandingly higher than that of wheat, triticale, rye and oat, respectively. So, barley variety 'Youngyang' recommended for whole crop forage use was suitable for forage use because of high at ratio of the leaf and spike. The proper cutting date by the percentage of dry matter for baled-silage making, 30$[\sim}$40%, were 25 May in barley variety 'Youngyang', 25 May to 5 June in wheat variety 'Keumkang' and triticale variety 'Shinyoung', 15 May in rye 'Gogu' and 5 June in oat variety 'Samhan', respectively. The total aerial fresh weight accumulation at different cutting dates were described by quadratic function for barley, wheat and triticale. The forage fresh yield were peaked at 7 May in barley, 14 May in wheat, 17 May in triticale and late of May in oat, respectively. The dry matter yields of four small cereals were linearly increased after over-wintering. The yield at the date of proper harvesting time by water content for baled silage making were sequently high oat, barley, wheat, triticale and rye. The relative growth rate was relatively high in rye at early cutting but high in oat at late cutting. In barley, wheat and triticale, the rate were similar.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2021

This study was carried out to breed new variety of Pleurotus nebrodensis. We have collected and tested characteristics of genetic resources from domestic and abroad since 2015. The varieties of P. nebrodensis from China are grown by farmers, but those have been unstable fruiting and are weak against bacterial diseases. To solve this problem, we bred the unique domestic variety 'Uram' of P. nebrodensis and the results of the characteristic test for the new 'Uram' are as follows. The proper temperature for the mycelial growth was 26~29℃ and fruit body growth temperature was 15~18℃. It was similar to the control variety KME65035 of P. nebrodensis in the pileus form of a flat and white color. The number of days required for initial fruting was 5 days for bottle cultivation and 6 days for bag cultivation which was 2-4 days shorter than that of the control variety. The pileus diameter was 32.6-37.0 mm which was smaller but the fruit body length was 130.4 mm, which was longer than those of the control variety. The effective number of fruit bodies was 1.8 in bottle cultivation and 2.9 in bag cultivation, which was more than those of the control variety. The yield rate was 93.3-100%, which was more stable than those of the control variety. In bottle cultivation and bag cultivation, the yield was 173.1 g/bottle (1100 cc) and 283.4 g/bag (1.2 kg), respectively, which was 25-44% higher than those of the control variety 138.0 g/bottle (1100 cc) and 197.4 g bag (1.2 kg). When incubating the parent and control varieties of 'Uram', the replacement line was clear and as a result of mycelial DNA RAPD-PCR reaction, the band pattern was different from that of the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2022

This study was conducted to diversify the cultivation of mushroom items and develop a competitive variety of Hypsizigus marmoreus. We focused on developing Hypsizigus marmoreus with lower bitterness, likable shape, and high yield. We have collected and tested characteristics of genetic resources from domestic and abroad since 2019. Breeding (2019), characterization (2020), productivity test (2021), and farm demonstration test (2021) have been sequentially conducted. We bred the new variety 'Yunseul' with unique traits. The optimal temperature for mycelial and fruit body growth were 22-25℃ and 15-18℃, respectively. It was similar to the control variety (Mangadak-2Ho) in the pileus form (hemispherical shape) and the cultivation period. However, it was thinner and longer than the control variety with the pileus diameter, thickness, stipe diameter, and length being 19.9 mm, 7.0 mm, 9.4 mm, and 86.3 mm, respectively. The effective number of fruit bodies was 47.8 in bottle cultivation, which was more than that of the control variety. The yield was 197.4 g/bottle (1,100 cc), which was 30% higher than the yield of the control variety, 151.9 g/bottle (1,100 cc). The parent and control varieties were also incubated alongside the new variety. The somatic incompatibility line was distinct. The band pattern in the mycelial DNA PCR reaction was different from that of the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.