• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2007

스캐닝 웜은 네트워크 관리자가 미처 대응하기 전에 넓게 전파되므로 차단하기 힘들고 그 피해가 상당히 크다. 따라서 자동으로 스캐닝 웜의 발생을 탐지하고 이에 대응할 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 스캐닝 웜의 트래픽 특성을 분석하여 정상 트래픽과 이상 트래픽을 구분할 수 있는 탐지 알고리즘을 제안한다. 스캐닝 웜의 탐지를 위해 variance, VMR 및 correlation coefficient를 이용하는 방법을 제안하고, 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존의 방법과 성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과 기존의 방법에 비하여 간단한 계산을 통해 스캐닝 웜의 효율적인 탐지가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.917-927
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• 2004

This study was performed to examine component of variance in nutrient intakes and to estimate the level of accuracy with varying degree of precision in order to achieve estimates of usual nutrient intakes. Three-day dietary records including both weekdays and weekends were collected every 4 season over a I-year period from 36 males and 93 females aged 40 - 65 y. For each nutrient, we partitioned total intake variance into weekly (weekday vs weekend), seasonal, within- and between- individual variation as components of variance, using analysis of variance. It was found that major components of variance were within- and between-individual variation. Particularly, within-individual variation (57.2 - 87.1 %) was greater than between-individual variation (12.2 - 37.4%) for all nutrients. Weekly and seasonal variation contributed small components of variance for most nutrients. For protein, fat and carbohydrate, there were a little significant weekly variation (0.00 - 1.35%) in females but not in males. For some micronutrients, there were moderately significant seasonal variation (0.15 - 5.48%) in both sexes. Ratio of within- to between- individual variation ranged 1.4 (vitamin B$_2$) -4.5 (vitamin B$_1$) in males and 1.6 (carbohydrate) -2.9 (fat) in females. With total 12-day dietary records data, the maximum percentage deviation of observed intakes from usual (true) intakes ranged 12-37%. To estimate usual individual intakes within 20% of the true mean with 90% confidence level, 3 - 9 days of dietary survey were required for energy, protein, carbohydrate, phosphorus and iron, 13 - 19 days for fat and calcium, 25 - 29 days for vitamin A and vitamin C. Correlation coefficients between observed and true nutrient intakes were 0.71 - 0.91 for males, 0.81-0.91 for females. In conclusion, mean intakes of several nutrients can be reliably measured with the record method, using a limited number of days. Both nutrients of interest and the primary objectives should be taken account when planning method of assessment and number of replicates.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제29B권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1992

In this paper, we propose a parameter-free smoothing method for speckle images, i.e., an adaptive least squares image smoothing technique implemented in a multistep environment. The pertinent smoothing window size at a given pixel is determined by the discontinuity measure which is defined by the ratio of the local variance and mean squares of intensity values of pixels over the smoothing window centered there. The mode of the discontinuity measure at each step is estimated to replace the noise variance parameter that is required in the adaptive smoothing. Computer simulation shows that the proposed multistep technique can smooth homogeneous regions satisfactorily while preserving fine details near boundaries.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.1169-1172
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• 2006

The prices of chemical products are fluctuated by several factors. The chemical companies can't predict and be ready to all of these changes, so they are exposed to the risk of a profit fluctuation. But they can reduce this risk by making a well-diversified product portfolio. This problem can be thought as the optimization of the product portfolio. We assume that the profits come from the 'spread' between a naphtha and a chemical product. We calculate a mean and a variation of each spread and develop an automatic module to calculate the optimal portion of each product. The theory is based on the Markowitz portfolio management. It maximizes the expected return while minimizing the volatility. At last we draw an investment selection curve to compare each alternative and to demonstrate the superiority. And we suggest that an investment selection curve can be a decision-making tool.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2003

This paper describes a new parameter for voice activity detection which serves as a front-end part for automatic speech recognition systems. The new parameter called run-ratio is derived from the runs test statistic which is used in the statistical test for randomness of a given sequence. The run-ratio parameter has the property that the values of the parameter for the random sequence are about 1. To apply the run-ratio parameter into the voice activity detection method, it is assumed that the samples of an inputted audio signal should be converted to binary sequences of positive and negative values. Then, the silence region in the audio signal can be regarded as random sequences so that their values of the run-ratio would be about 1. The run-ratio for the voiced region has far lower values than 1 and for fricative sounds higher values than 1. Therefore, the parameter can discriminate speech signals from the background sounds by using the newly derived run-ratio parameter. The proposed voice activity detector outperformed the conventional energy-based detector in the sense of error mean and variance, small deviation from true speech boundaries, and low chance of missing real utterances

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

Purpose: We investigated whether consecutive levels of new emerging renal biomarkers, including serum cystatin C (CysC) and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)/creatinine (Cr) ratio, were affected by postconceptional age in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: Repeatedly measured samples for each infant were divided into four groups according to postnatal age: at birth (stage I), 3 to 7 days postnatally (stage II), 8 to 28 days postnatally (stage III), and >28 days postnatally (stage IV). The association between renal biomarkers and postconceptional age was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the mean values of renal biomarkers in the four stages were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: For samples measured at birth, serum CysC (r=-0.358, P=0.032) and urinary NGAL/Cr ratio (r=-0.522, P=0.001) were negatively correlated with gestational age, whereas serum Cr (r=0.148, P=0.390) was not. In addition, for all samples measured, serum CysC (r=-0.209, P=0.012), urinary NGAL/Cr ratio (r=-0.536, P<0.001), and serum Cr (r=-0.311, P<0.001) were negatively correlated with postconceptional age. Compared with the mean values of the postnatal age-specific stages, serum CysC showed no significant differences in any of the four stages. However, the urinary NGAL/Cr ratio in stage IV was significantly different from those in stages I to III. Conclusion: Although urinary NGAL/Cr ratio and serum CysC were negatively correlated with postconceptional age considering renal development, serum CysC showed no significant differences in any of the four postnatal age-specific stages. Urinary NGAL/Cr ratio at >28 days postnatally seems to be more affected by postconceptional age than serum CysC in VLBW infants.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 평균 명암 필터와 개선된 2D 허프 변환을 이용하여 영상에서 가슴 영역을 검출함으로써 음란영상을 탐지하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 유해물 영상 검출 방법은 크게 학습 단계, 인식 단계, 검증 단계의 3가지 주요 단계로 구성된다. 학습 단계에서는 가슴의 유두 부분 영상의 학습을 통하여 인식 단계에서 사용할 유두 평균 명암 필터를 생성한다. 인식 단계에서는 입력 영상을 받아들여 에지를 추출하고, 에지의 밀도를 이용해 연결성분을 추출한 후. 추출된 연결성분의 가로와 세로외 길이 비율을 고려하여 유두 후보영역을 결정한다. 그리고 학습된 유두 평균 명암 필터와 입력 영상의 유두 후보영역 사이의 유사도를 측정하여 가장 유사도가 높은 영역을 최종적인 유두후보영역으로 결정하며, 개선된 2D 허프 변환을 이용하여 영상에서 가슴 라인을 검출한다. 검증 단계에서는 인식 단계에서 획득한 유두 후보영역과 가슴 라인의 위치를 고려하여 가슴 영역을 판단함으로써 유해물 영상의 최종 유무를 결정한다. 실험 결과에서는 다양한 영상을 이용한 실험을 통해 제안한 방법이 가슴 영역을 효과적으로 인식할 수 있음을 보여 주었으며, 결과적으로 제안된 방법이 음란 영상의 검출에 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

Experimentally predicting the compressive strength (CS) of concrete (for a mix design) is a time-consuming and laborious process. The present study aims to propose surrogate models based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) machine learning techniques, which can predict the CS of concrete containing nano-silica. Content of cement, aggregates, nano-silica and its fineness, water-binder ratio, and the days at which strength has to be predicted are the input variables. The efficiency of the models is compared in terms of Correlation Coefficient (CC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Variance Account For (VAF), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and RMSE to observation's standard deviation ratio (RSR). It has been observed that the SVM outperforms GPR in predicting the CS of the concrete containing nano-silica.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.457-467
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• 2018

본 논문은 정현파 신호에 대해 고해상도 주파수 추정이 가능한 알고리즘들의 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 비교 대상 알고리즘은 총 5가지로 DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform - 성능 평가 기준), Jacobsen, Candan, 재할당(Reassignment) 알고리즘 및 Cedron 알고리즘이다. 각 알고리즘의 성능을 SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio), 윈도우 함수, 윈도우 길이 등의 요소를 변화시켜가며 성능을 측정하였다. 알고리즘의 성능 평가는 편의 및 오차(Mean Square Error, MSE), 분산을 이용하여 측정하였으며, 실험결과 Cedron 알고리즘이 좋은 성능을 보였다. 실제 공학문제에서의 활용을 위해서는 각 알고리즘별로 보다 다양한 조건에서 실험 결과를 분석하고 개선시킬 필요가 있다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2012

온주밀감에서 귤녹응애, Aculops pelekassi의 분산지수와 분포양상, 표본조사시 적정 표본수에 대하여 조사하였다. 귤녹응애는 집중분포를 하고 있었으며, 분산지수는 Taylor's power law가 Iwao's patchiness regression보다 더 잘 설명하고 있었다. Taylor's power law의 상수를 이용하여 고정 정확도 수준에서 열매 표면 $cm^2$당 누적충수에 따라 조사를 중지할 수 있는 표본조사법을 만들었다. 경제적인 표본조사를 위하여 Kono-sugino의 경험적 이항모델을 개발하였으며, 이항모델을 이용하면 귤녹응애가 $cm^2$당 12마리 이상 발생한 열매 비율을 이용하여 평균밀도를 추정할 수 있었다 : $ln(m)=4.61+1.23ln[-ln(1-p_{12})]$. 최적의 tally threshold를 결정하기 위하여 추정평균에 대한 분산을 계산한 결과 tally threshold가 12일 때 추정평균의 분산이 적었으며, 발생과율 0.1~0.5의 범위에서 분산의 변동이 거의 없어 다른 tally threshold에 비해 높은 정확도로 평균을 추정할 수 있었다. 적정 표본수를 결정하기 위하여 계층표본조사법을 이용하여 분석한 결과 고정 정확도 0.25수준에서 감귤원당 적정 조사 나무수는 13주였으며, 나무당 조사 열매수는 5개, 열매당 2지점에서 $cm^2$당 귤녹응애수 조사가 바람직하였다(총 130표본).