• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.297-311
• /
• 2004

In the sample survey for a highly skewed population, stratum jumpers often occur. Stratum jumpers are units having large discrepancies between a stratification variable and a study variable. We propose two models for stratum jumpers: a multiplicative model and a random replacement model. We also consider the modification of the L-H stratification algorithm such that we apply the previous models to L-H algorithm in determination of the sample sizes and the stratum boundaries. We evaluate the performances of the new stratification algorithms using real data. The result shows that L-H algorithm for the random replacement model outperforms other algorithms since the estimator has the least coefficient of variation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.165-173
• /
• 2021

This study examined the effect of Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Size on stock prices with company performance as measured by Return on Assets (ROA) as a mediating variable. The sample used is 136 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2014-2018 period. This research was tested using a Warp PLS statistical test tool to prove the proposed hypothesis. The results showed that DER has a significant negative effect on ROA and a significant positive effect on Stock Price. NPM has a significant positive effect on ROA as well as a significant positive effect on Stock Price. While Size has a significant positive effect on ROA but has no effect on Stock Price. ROA has a significant positive effect on Stock Price. ROA does not act as a mediating variable in the relationship between Size and Stock Price; however, ROA acts as a mediating variable in the DER and Stock Price relationship, as well as, in the relationship between NPM and Stock Price. The implications of the results of this study can be used by investors in making investment decisions, paying attention to the company's financial aspects, namely DER, NPM, Size, and ROA.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.423-431
• /
• 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of liquidity, activity, leverage, and profitability on firm value, as well as the effect of disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which in this study is a moderator and company size as a control variable. The sampling technique used in this study is a purposive sampling method with certain criteria, to obtain a sample of 22 LQ45 index companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2019. The data analysis method in this study used was the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with the SPSS 18 Program. The results show that the ratios of liquidity, activity, leverage, and profitability are significant to firm value in accordance with the initial hypothesis of the study. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plays a role as a moderating variable and company size variable as a control variable on the effect of financial ratios (liquidity, activity, leverage, and profitability) on firm value. The implication of this research is that CSR has a very important role in increasing company value. To attract more investors, companies must pay attention not only to financial performance but also to social performance. Large-scale companies tend to do more CSR so that the company value will increase.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.11
• /
• pp.817-825
• /
• 2020

Over the last few decades, corporate frauds have highlighted the significance of corporate governance in deriving firm performance. By using different sample data, extensive research has examined how corporate governance structure influences firm's profitability, but limited research was undertaken on the banking sector of Pakistan. This research adds to the literature by testing how board structure derives bank's performance by using sample data of 19 banks for the period from 2010 to 2017. In addition, the study analyzes the controlling part of size on the link between board governance and bank performance. Findings reveal that banks having small board size, fewer non-executive directors and minimum activity level perform better. Analysis related to bank size illustrates that board size has value in increasing benefits in large size banks in contrast to small size one, while higher participation by board members enhances performance of small size banks more. The correlation results and findings showed that there existed no multicollinearity issue between independent variables. Board size showed positive correlation with the market variable, while board activity tended to correlated negatively with the market performance. Inverse correlation between board size and independent directors indicated that Pakistani banks with greater board size had fewer independent directors.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.625-633
• /
• 2021

This study analyzes the impact of the reward variable on employees' performance through work motivation and employee engagement. This study's specific purpose is to investigate employee engagement's mediating role in the relationship between reward and employee performance. The sample of research is the employee at Sukorejo, Pasuruan Indonesia. The sample is permanent employees at manufacture corporate. The sample size is 150 employees of the total 759 workers through the calculation of the Slovin formula. Respondents in this study were employees with the criteria for having worked for at least last five years. The data obtained is in the form of answers from employees to the statements submitted. The data analysis was used structural equation modeling partial least square. To test the relationship between variables, it was equipped with a Sobel mediation test of statistics. SmartPLS 3.0 is used to help analyze the relationship between variables. The result shows that the reward does not have a direct influence on the performance of employees. However, it has a significant positive effect on the performance of employees through employee engagement. While working motivation variable does not have the role as a mediation variable related to the effect of reward on employee performance.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.387-402
• /
• 2009

In this paper we have considered the problem of estimating the population mean $\bar{Y}$ of the study variable y using auxiliary information in presence of non-response. Classes of estimators for $\bar{Y}$ in the presence of non-response on the study variable y only and complete response on the auxiliary variable x is available, have been proposed in different situations viz., (i) population mean $\bar{X}$ is known, (ii) when population mean $\bar{X}$ and variance $S^2_x$ are known; (iii) when population mean $\bar{X}$ is not known: and (iv) when both population mean $\bar{X}$ and variance $S^2_x$ are not known: single and two-phase (or double) sampling. It has been shown that various estimators including usual unbiased estimator and the estimators reported by Rao (1986), Khare and Srivastava (1993, 1995) and Tabasum and Khan (2006) are members of the proposed classes of estimators. The optimum values of the first phase sample size n', second phase sample size n and the sub sampling fraction 1/k have been obtained for the fixed cost and the fixed precision. To illustrate foregoing, we have carried out an empirical investigation to reflect the relative performance of all the potentially competing estimators including the one due to Hansen and Hurwitz (1946) estimator, Rao (1986) estimator, Khare and Srivastava (1993, 1995) and Tabasum and Khan (2006) estimator.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.448-458
• /
• 1999

This paper proposes sequential control charts with an upper bound on sample size. Existing sequential control charts have no restriction on the number of observations at a sampling point. For situations where sampling and testing an item is time-consuming or expensive, sequential control charts may not be directly applied. When the number of observations in a sampling point reaches the upper bound and there is no out-of-control signal, the proposed cumulative sequential control chart defers the decision to the next sampling point of which starting value is the value of the current statistic. Two Markov chains, inner and outer chains, are used to derive the formulas for evaluating the performance of the proposed chart. It is compared with $\bar{X}$ and cumulative sum control charts with fixed and variable sample sizes. The fast initial response (FIR) feature is studied. Guidelines for the design of the proposed charts are also given.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2009

This paper empirically tests pecking order theory. Korean listed firms are used as the samples. On the whole we find supportive results for pecking order theory. The fixed effect model on the whole period shows that as pecking order theory suggests that debt ratio decreases as cash flow. ROA, physical assets, and firm size increase. Again, it is shown that corporate debt ratio significantly decreases as cash flow or ROA increases in every sub-sample, which coincides with the prediction of pecking order theory. Corporate debt ratio significantly decreases as physical assets or jinn size increases in case of the whole sample, pre-financial crisis period, and the sub-samples by q-ratio, which also supports the prediction of pecking order theory. Statistical significance of the coefficients of physical assets or firm size completely disappears after Korean financial crisis. Perhaps it is because the role of physical assets or firm size as a mitigator of information asymmetry significantly weakens after the financial crisis as Korean financial market becomes more transparent. For small firms only size variable is negatively and significantly related with debt to assets. It seems that size is an important factor for smaller firms in making financing decision.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.147-167
• /
• 2009

The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of at-home laver consumption expenditures using the data from a survey of households implemented in 2009. It happened that non-response ratios of monthly expenditures on dry laver and flavored laver among sampled households are 18.8% and 25.6%. Accordingly, this study tries to analyze the determinants affecting at-home laver consumption expenditures by using type II tobit model, one of sample selection models, to deal with sample selection bias caused from non-response data. Analysis results show the age variable positively affects expenditures on dry laver but negatively contributes to expenditures on flavored laver. In addition, the household size, the household's income, the degree of preference for laver have positive relationships with both expenditures. Household size elasticity and income elasticity of the expenditure on dry laver are estimated as 0.220 and 0.251. In the case of flavored laver, these elasticities are estimated as 0.484 and 0.261. Such analysis results can provide information on division of the at-home laver consumption market into groups with high willingness to expense and implementation of detailed marketing strategies to increase at-home laver consumption. The methodology of this study can be applied to consumer preference analysis on other marine products and other analyses on sample with non-response data in the fishery research.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.11
• /
• pp.769-778
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of profitability as a mediating variable in influencing firm value. This study uses a sample of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2018. The data used is panel data, with data analysis using multiple regression. Based on the Sobel test, profitability plays a role in mediating the effect of firm size on firm value. The effect of firm size on firm value is indirect, however, through profitability. Therefore, the market price of the shares of large-scale companies will increase if the resulting profitability is high. The capital structure and managerial ownership directly influence firm value. The results showed that managerial ownership and firm size had a positive effect on profitability, while capital structure had no effect on profitability. Capital structure and managerial ownership have a negative effect on firm value, while firm size and profitability have a positive effect on firm value. The main finding of this study is that profitability acts as an intervening variable in mediating the relationship between firm size and firm value.